The document discusses practical ways to improve energy efficiency through retrofits. It recommends: 1) Taking an asset-based approach to retrofits to maximize opportunities and cost efficiency at scale. 2) Integrating suppliers, engineering, and contractors to minimize costs through discounted volumes, optimized space, and reduced risk. 3) Continuously measuring performance using techniques like cumulative sum analysis to identify problems and the effects of efficiency improvements on stable building operations.

1. Practically Delivering Energy-Practically Delivering Energy-
ReducingReducing
Technology To OptimiseTechnology To Optimise
Efficiency On The GroundEfficiency On The Ground
Andy WatsonAndy Watson CEngCEng
Former BAA Energy ManagerFormer BAA Energy Manager
Sim Energy

2. AgendaAgenda
 The practicalities of energy efficiencyThe practicalities of energy efficiency
retrofitretrofit
 Easing implementationEasing implementation
 Training and auditing to assist deliveryTraining and auditing to assist delivery
 Measuring performance improvementMeasuring performance improvement

3. Who is…..Who is…..
?
If it’s going
to be
done….

4. Cost and Space ImplicationsCost and Space Implications
As of 2001:
Annual utility spend £40 million
Total 10yr Investment: £15 million
Overall saving £6 million
SPB on investment 2.5 years
Reduce CO2 emissions from utilities by 28% on BAU projections by 2010
• Case study – Heathrow Airport

5. Space implicationsSpace implications
 Retrofitting widgets/gadgets rather thanRetrofitting widgets/gadgets rather than
assetsassets
 Replacement assets smaller than originalReplacement assets smaller than original
 Electronics replacing mechanicsElectronics replacing mechanics
 Controls more reliable – less maintenanceControls more reliable – less maintenance
 Integrate suppliers, engineering andIntegrate suppliers, engineering and
specialist contractorsspecialist contractors

8. The Business CaseThe Business Case
for The Energy Retrofitfor The Energy Retrofit
??????
Marginal Preferable

9. Maximising the ReturnsMaximising the Returns
(Telling the real story)(Telling the real story)
 Increasing cost of utilities + inflationIncreasing cost of utilities + inflation
 Comparison to other capital investmentsComparison to other capital investments
 Infrastructure savingsInfrastructure savings
 IRR/NPV not simple pay backIRR/NPV not simple pay back
Simple Payback
£1,000,000 investment
£100,000 annual saving
SPB = 10yrs
IRR = 10%
Full Financial Appraisal
£1,000,000 investment
£100,000 annual saving
+ increase in utilities
+ infrastructure savings over 10 yrs
PBI = 8yrs
IRR = 26.5%
REJECTED

10. Distribution of InvestmentDistribution of Investment
Construction
88%
On-costs
9%
Risk
3%

11. Minimising the CostsMinimising the Costs
Construction
Risk
On-costs
Asset-based investment
Solution-
based
investment

12. Asset-base InvestmentAsset-base Investment
Maximised opportunities AND cost efficiencyMaximised opportunities AND cost efficiency
Scale of opportunity
(CO2t/an)
Mitigation cost
($$$/CO2t/an)

13. The OutcomeThe Outcome
 A series of asset-focussed sub-strategiesA series of asset-focussed sub-strategies
e.g.e.g.

14. Distribution of InvestmentDistribution of Investment
Chiller
8%
Lighting
9%
Heat generation
3%
H/C water
distribution
21%
Baggage handling
7%
Lifts, travs,
escalators
13%
BMS
8%
Air distribution
28%
Small power
3%
Costs
Chiller
20%
Lighting
5%
Heat generation
7%
H/C water distribution
10%
Baggage handling
5%
Lifts, travs, escalators
6%
BMS
14%
Air distribution
30%
Small power
3%
Savings

15. The EffectsThe Effects
 Construction:
 Discount for volumes
 Space optimised
 Risk:
 Easier mitigation actions
 Consistent suppliers – case studies
 Repetitive -> reliable installation
 On-costs:
 Fewer projects
 Quicker delivery

16. Implementation of the AssetImplementation of the Asset
The Maintenance Integration ProcessThe Maintenance Integration Process
Concept Options Design Delivery Operation
When?When?
Who?Who?

17. Performance ImprovementPerformance Improvement
 Year on year performanceYear on year performance
 Specific energy measuresSpecific energy measures
By nature of businessBy nature of business
Property – energy/mProperty – energy/m22
Manufacturing – energy/item madeManufacturing – energy/item made
Commercial – energy/turnoverCommercial – energy/turnover
By nature of equipmentBy nature of equipment
Air conditioning – energy/Degree dayAir conditioning – energy/Degree day
Escalators – energy/m ascentEscalators – energy/m ascent
All influenced by other driving factors – weather, load changes, wear,
CUSUM

18. Cumulative Sum AnalysisCumulative Sum Analysis
Ref: www.vesma.com
1. Establish a record1. Establish a record
of driving factorof driving factor
against energy useagainst energy use
y = 22.568x + 61.55
R2
= 0.96
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 5 10 15 20 25
Temp
Energy
2. Plot a scatter graph2. Plot a scatter graph
and establish a trendand establish a trend

19. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Day
Energy
0
5
10
15
20
25
Temp
Prediction
Actual
Temp
3. Make predictions and record actual consumption
(60)
(40)
(20)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
4. Calculate the variation between predicted and actual consumption

20. (200)
(100)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Day
CUSUMenergy
5. Cumulatively sum the variations
Identify:
• Stable performance
• Optimum performance
• Problems stabilising
• Effects of energy efficiency on stable operation

21. Example – 3 storey common user office building
– chiller energy
Stable operation Fault Fault stabilises Repair Energy efficiency
installed

22. DevolvementDevolvement
 Who should do this?Who should do this?
 How often?How often?

23. SummarySummary
 Effective implementation is not done soloEffective implementation is not done solo
 Communication is everythingCommunication is everything
 Some of the best work is done in the officeSome of the best work is done in the office
 Proper capital planning will save moreProper capital planning will save more
energy per unit spentenergy per unit spent

24. Thank you for listeningThank you for listening