Enbe final project report efkairia

NAME: LAU CHIN SHENG
ID: 0317899
FNBE FEB2014
EFKAIRIA
Better Cities Of The Future

For our ENBE final project. We students were told that we are the mayor of a
dying city (X-city) and we are instructed to purpose a new city plan to replace the
dying city, by creating a sustainable living environment in the city. Students may
chose one of the following type of city as their new city theme, which is
Underground city, Underwater city, Floating on water city, City in the air(Sky
scraper city) and on land next to a river or sea.
So for complete the task, we were done a lot of research on the internet and
books regarding on the urban city planning and design and create a sustainable
city environment.

city
noun, often attributive ˈsi-tē: a place where people live that is larger or
more important than a town; an area where many people live and work
; the people in a city
A city is a relatively large and permanent human settlement.[Although
there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within
general English language meanings, many cities have a
particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.
Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land
usage, housing, and transportation. The concentration of development
greatly facilitates interaction between people and businesses, benefiting
both parties in the process. A big city or metropolis usually has associated
suburbs and exurbs. Such cities are usually associated with metropolitan
areas and urban areas, creating numerous business commuters traveling
to urban centers for employment. Once a city expands far enough to reach
another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis.

BRIEF HISTORY
Towns and cities have a long history, although opinions vary on whether any
particular ancient settlement can be considered a city. A city formed as central
places of trade for the benefit of the members living in close proximity to others
facilitates interaction of all kinds. These interactions generate both positive and
negative externalities between others' actions. Benefits include reduced transport
costs, exchange of ideas, sharing of natural resources, large local markets, and later
in their development, amenities such as running water and sewage disposal.
Possible costs would include higher rate of crime, higher mortality rates, higher cost
of living, worse pollution, traffic and high commuting times. Cities grow when the
benefits of proximity between people and firms are higher than the cost.

WHAT MAKES A CITY
1. protection of the environment
2. maintenance of a diverse economy
3. provision of accessibility through land use
4. delivery of services for residents and businesses
5. housing choices
6. balanced city budget; and
7. the involvement of citizens in planning and delivery.

1. the value of liveability as an overall theme, among others, in the
development of a community’s sustainability plan
2. the overarching role of public engagement in the articulation of what is
meant by liveability
3. an acceptance that liveability may differ significantly from community to
community
4. a recognition that liveability extends to economic dynamism and career
opportunities as well as recreational, aesthetic, cross-generational and
cultural activities
5. the ability to embed liveability concerns into the culture of the municipality
rather than politically motivated short-term initiatives
6. the recognition that the provision of a diverse residential community with a
full complement of services, means that a system approach to both the city
region and the individual neighbourhood is required. This will ensure that
individual neighbourhoods do not become liveability ghettos, but have a
real and vibrant place within the whole city region context.

INVESTIGATION & DATA COLLECTION
ANCIENT CITY
Tenochtitlan

Mexico-Tenochtitlan, commonly known as Tenochtitlan (Classical Nahuatl:
Tenochtitlan [tenotʃˈtitɬan]) was an Aztec altepetl (city-state) located on an island in
Lake Texcoco, in the Valley of Mexico. Founded in 1325, it became the capital of the
expanding Mexica Empire in the 15th century,[1] until captured by the Spanish in 1521.
At its peak, it was the largest city in the Pre-Columbian Americas. When paired with
Mexico, the name is a reference to Mexica, also known as "Aztecs" although they
referred to themselves as Mexica. It subsequently became a cabecera of theViceroyalty
of New Spain. Today the ruins of Tenochtitlan are located in the central part of Mexico
City.
Traditionally, its name was thought to come from Nahuatl tetl [ˈtetɬ] ("rock")
and nōchtli[ˈnoːtʃtɬi] ("prickly pear") and is often thought to mean "Among the prickly
pears [growing among] rocks". However, one attestation in the late 16th-century
manuscript known as "the Bancrot dialogues" suggest the second vowel was short, so
that the true etymology remains uncertain.[2] Tenochtitlan was one of
two Mexican altepetl(city-states) on the island, the other being Tlatelolco.

Name of the city;
ancient city.
What was the significant
information about the city?
What information that you will
consider for your future city? (Or
what did you learn from it?
Tenochtitlan • The city was connected to
the mainland
by causeways leading
north, south, and west of
the city. These causeways
were interrupted by
bridges that allowed
canoes and other traffic
to pass freely. The bridges
could be pulled away, if
necessary, to defend the
city. The city was
interlaced with a series
of canals, so that all
sections of the city could
be visited either on foot
or via canoe.
• Must have a customs for safety
concern, before people who
come from other place to the
city, they must register or leave
their personal information.
My refined research on cities – ancient city

Name of the city;
ancient city.
Tenochtitlan
(Different colour
represent different
area. Eg: green
colour is residential,
blue is industrial,
purple is business. )
• The city was divided into
four zones or campan,
each campan was divided
on 20 districts
(calpullis, Nahuatl calpōlli
), and eachcalpulli, or 'big
house', was crossed by
streets or tlaxilcalli. There
were three main streets
that crossed the city, each
leading to one of the
three causeways to the
mainland of Tepeyac,
Ixtapalpa, and
Tlacopan.[6] Bernal Díaz
del Castillo reported that
they were wide enough
for ten horses.
• To have a good traffic and
transport arrangement and
infrastructure .(walkability, good
traffic ”no jam at all”, and
convenience ”can trave to other
side of city within a few min ” )
• Good City planning, can divide
the city into business area,
residential area, industrial area
and so on.

Name of the city;
ancient city.
Tenochtitlan • Surrounding the raised
causeways were artificial
floating gardens with
canal waterways and
gardens of plants, shrubs,
and trees
• Green city planning, combine
the city with the nature. Which
enhance a better quality of life.

Maldives, officially the Republic of the Maldivesand also referred to as theMaldive Islands, is
an island nation in the Indian Ocean-Arabian Sea area, consisting of a
double chain of twenty-six atolls, oriented north-south, that lie between Minicoy Island(the
southernmost part of Lakshadweep, India) and the Chagos Archipelago. The chains stand in
the Laccadive Sea, about 700 kilometres (430 mi) south-west of Sri Lanka and 400 kilometres
(250 mi) south-west of India.
The Maldives has been an independent polity for the majority of its history, except for
three periods in which it was ruled by outside forces. In the mid-16th century, for fifteen
years, the Maldives was dominated by the Portuguese Empire. In the mid-17th century,
the Dutch Empire (Malabar) dominated Maldives for four months. Finally, in the late 19th
century, on the brink of war, the Maldives became a British protectorate from 1887 until
1965. The Dutch referred to the islands as the "Maldivische Eilanden"
(pronounced [mɑlˈdivisə ˈɛi̯lɑndə(n)]), while the British anglicised the local name for the
islands first to the "Maldive Islands" and later to the "Maldives". The islands
gained independence from theBritish Empire in 1965, and in 1968 became a republic ruled
by a president and anauthoritarian government.

The Maldives archipelago is located on top of the Chagos-Maldives-Laccadive
Ridge, a vast submarine mountain range in the Indian Ocean. Maldives also form
a terrestrial ecoregion together with the Chagos and the Lakshadweep.[10] The
Maldives atolls encompass a territory spread over roughly 90,000 square
kilometres (35,000 sq mi), making the country one of the world's most
geographically dispersed. Its population of 328,536 (2012) inhabits 192 of its 1,192
islands.[11] In 2006, Maldives' capital and largest city Malé, located at the southern
edge of North Malé Atoll, had a population of 103,693.[12][13] Malé is one of the
Maldives' administrative divisions and, traditionally, it was the "King's Island"
where the ancient Maldives royal dynasties were enthroned.
The Maldives is the smallest Asian country in both population and land area. With
an average ground level elevation of 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) above sea level, it is
the planet's lowest country.[14] It is also the country with the lowest natural
highest point in the world, at 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in).[14] Forecasts predicting future
inundation of the Maldives due torising sea levels are of great concern to its
people.
The Maldives has pledged to become a carbon-neutral country by 2019.[15]

Name of the
city; ancient,
present and
future city.
Maldives • Each atoll in the Maldives is
made of a coral reef encircling a
lagoon, with deep channels
dividing the reef ring. A string of
islands take their places among
this atoll ring; each island has its
own reef encircling the island
lagoon. The reefs of the islands,
alive with countless types of
underwater creatures and
vibrant corals, protect the
islands from wind and wave
action of the surrounding vast
oceans. This unique structure of
reefs and channels makes
navigation almost impossible for
the passer-by without sufficient
information about these waters.
• Coral reef, it’s the connection
between the city and the sea
creatures. It provide the
habitat for the aquatic animals
and yet it can also protect the
island from wind and wave
action of the surrounding vast
oceans.

INVESTIGATION & DATA COLLECTION
FUTURE CITY
NOAH’S ARK

Inspired by biblical character of Noah, Serbian designers Aleksandar Joksimovic and
Jelena Nikolic have created Noah’s Ark, a sustainable floating city capable of preserving
life on earth in the event of a massive natural disaster.
TheNoah’s Ark project features a series of terraced rings with deep underwater towers
that act as ballasts to increase stability. The innovative project would support life on
terraced fields, provide ample space for food growing, collect rainwater and generate
its own power through natural energy sources such as solar, wind and wave energy,
which are easily captured at sea.
In addition to providing protection from natural disasters, the Ark was designed as part of
a network consisting of other Arks which are connected to floating underwater tunnels
linking them to the mainland. As the settlements grow, the Arks can attach to one
another, creating one enormous artificial mainland.
An external 64-metre tall wall protects the city from strong sea winds and tsunamis. In
case of emergency, residents can retreat to bubbles inside the islands for protection.
Underneath the island, giant turbines convert ocean currents to energy, while artificial
coral coats the surfaces, encouraging the development of new ecosystems.
Each Ark features energy generation capabilities and everything residents need for
comfort, including residential buildings, offices, parks, recreational areas, forests and
beaches. There is also farmland and a reserve for animals.

Following the same concept idea, the Lilypad, designed by Vincent Callebaut, is a model
for a completely self-sufficient floating city which aims to provide shelter for future
climate change refugees. Designed to look like a water lily, it is intended to be a zero
emission city floating in the ocean.
Biomimicry or biomimetics – the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature
for the purpose of solving complex human problems – inspired this innovative design.
Applying different technologies, including solar, wind, tidal and biomass, the project
would be able to produce its own energy and process CO2 in the atmosphere, absorbing it
and transforming it into its own titanium dioxide skin.

Name of the city;
ancient, present and
future city.
Noah’s Ark • Noah’s Ark is a self-
sustainable city on the
water.
• overcrowding on land:
72% of the earth’s surface
is already covered by
water, so extension of the
urban city grid onto water
is both logical and useful.
• As solar, wind and wave
energies are easily
captured at sea, and it is
these natural energy
sources that will power
the development.
• Self- sustainable city
• Using renewable energy

Name of the city;
ancient, present and
future city.
Noah’s Ark • A large number of flexible
cables connect the island
to the ocean’s bottom,
providing stability, and an
external wall as tall as 64
meters protects the
island from hard sea
winds and tsunamis.
• When emergencies of
grave severity arise,
residents can retreat to
bubbles inside the depths
of the islands for
protection.
• Using flexible materials for
stability.
• Provide an emergency escape
Pod for the citizens.

SOFHAI
THE DOOMED CITY
In the year 2012, because of the global warming , ice berg melt, the sea level increased
tremendously every year, and it become a great threat a city located in between
Thailand and Malaysia, which called SOFHAI. SOFHAI is a city with 20,000 population
which is a multiracial city which made up form Malay, India, Chinese and so on. The
main economical income of the city is business, agriculture also is a major income.
Because of the raising of the sea level , it will eventually sink the city with 200m of
seawater in the coming 10 years.
As the mayor of the city, I had to propose a new city plan to save the city. So, I am
going to let the city float on the sea, to avoid the discrimination of the city’s demolition
.

THE NEW HOPE
Efkairia; meaning Bravery in Greek. The name of the city is also represented the attitude
of the all SOFHAI’s citizen, which the attitude toward their miserable life.
The aim of the new city is to enhance a eco-friendly and pollution-free lifestyle, and yet
to provide a protection, safer place to the citizen.
The new city is a floating city which using clean energy, in other word, is the energy that
wont cause any pollution to the environment, such as solar energy, wind energy, and
hydrolytic energy. Furthermore, those energies are renewable, which means it wont used
up. So the citizen no need concern about the shortage of the energy.

ZONING OF THE CITY
RED: BUSINESS AREA GREEN: ALGRICULTURE PINK: EDUCATIONAL
LIGHT GREEN: PARK PURPLE: INDUSTRIAL AREA AREA
BLUE: GORVEMENT BUILDING YELLOW: BUSINESS AREA (SMALL) ICONIC BUILDING

• Future Mrt (Metropolitan
Rapid Transit), with the new
technology. It become faster,
safer, and pollution-free
• Using solar energy , which
renewable and clean energy
to operate it.(Saving a lot of
fuel cost)
• Using advance AI System,
everything is automatically,
and bring us much more
convinience.

• Cycling is the most favourable way
transport in the city.
• This provide a healthier lifestyle to
the citizen
• It is also wont cause any pollution
to the environment.
• With the advance of technology ,
the future bicycle is faster and can
be auto cycling when u turn on the
engine.(its using solar)

Using the concept of the solar
panels combine with biological
pigment , chlorophyll on the
iconic building( leafs ) to
maximise the absorption of the
sun light to get the maximum
amount of the solar energy
• clean
• Free
• Renewable

By using the wind turbine , we use the
wind turbine on the wall to maximise the
use of the space and yet to produce
more energy to the city
• Clean energy
• Free
• Renewable

Using the new technology for the
residential building. Build the houses
vertically and build a small wind
turbine at the empty space. Rooftop
garden is built.
• Green space
• Renewable energy
• Maximise the space

I believe that EKAIRIA will provide a good sustainability for the people and I
future, this will be the key development of a city planing.
Efkairia is a city that way much more better than SOFHAI, it’s because Efkairia
uses renewable energy that can be used for finite years. As the city was enhanced
the walkability, the Carbon footprint was minimized.
Green spaces are provided, people enjoyed the nature inside the city.

• http://www.fantasticmaps.com/2013/01/city-design-walkthrough/
• http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-23799590
• http://www.seer.ws/drawing-a-futuristic-city
• http://www.psdvault.com/photo-effect/design-an-awesome-urban-city-photo-
montage-in-photoshop/
• http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/aleksandar-joksimovic-jelena-
nikolic-noahs-ark
• http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/noahs-ark-by-aleksandar-joksimovic
• http://www.tuvie.com/ark-project-futuristic-and-modern-noahs-ark-by-
remistudio/
• http://crcresearch.org/case-studies/case-studies-sustainable-infrastructure/land-
use-planning/what-makes-a-city-liveable
• http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/city
• Goodall, B. (1987) The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography. London: Pengui
• Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996)The Social Science Encyclopedia. 2nd edition.
London: Routledge.

 COE,MICHAEL D. (2008). Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. New York, New
York: Thames & Hudson.
 COHEN, SARA E. (March 1972). "How the Aztecs Appraised Montezuma". Society for
History Education: The History Teacher 5 (3): 21–30.
 Levinson, David (1947). Ethnic groups worldwide: a ready reference handbook.
Oryx Publishers. ISBN 978-1-57356-019-1.
 Maloney, Clarence. "Maldives People". International Institute for Asian Studies.
Retrieved 22 June 2008.

Enbe final project report efkairia

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Enbe final project report efkairia