The document discusses the emergence of the Indian Republic and problems facing the new republic. It summarizes that India changed from a dominion to a republic on January 26, 1950, adopting a new constitution. The head of state is the president, while the real executive authority lies with the prime minister as head of the council of ministers. Some key problems India faces are the Kashmir conflict with Pakistan, overpopulation, high illiteracy rates, and frequent famines exacerbated by population growth. India also plays an important role in world affairs as a leader of the non-aligned movement and supporter of independence for other Asian nations.

1. Emergence of Indian Republic
and
Problems of Indian Republic
Mr. Sychem R. Manlucot
Silliman University
History 21- Asya

2. • Shortly after winning her independence
changed her status from dominion to republic
• A constitution was adopted and put to effect
• -January 26, 1950
• - 20th anniversary of independence
Thus, it marked as the birth of the
- Republic of India-

3. • The constitution declares:
- “India is a sovereign democratic republic”
- But she remains a member of the British
commonwealth of Nations
- Hindi will become the national
Language(1965)- English usage continues

5. Indian constitution Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is
hailed as the prime architect of the Indian Constitution

6. • What is a sovereign democratic republic?

7. • The head of the state is the president of the
republic, whose power is similar to those in
British Monarch
• Should be elected for a term of five 5 years

8. -The first President elected was:
DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD
Elected 1952, re-elected 1957

9. • Real executive authority is exercise by:
- Prime Minister
- Head of the Council of Ministers ( cabinet)
- He is responsible to the lower house of the
Parliament.

10. Motivation
• What do you think India should consider this
as important?:
“ Sovereign Democratic Republic”
• Do you think it is effective?

11. Jawaharlal Nehru
• Scholar, statesman, has been serving as
Prime minister since India became Independent
Architect of new India

12. AMEETING WQITH CHANCELLOR ADEUONOR

14. • The law making body is a parliament,
consisting of the:
• Council of States ( upper house)
• House of the People (lower house)

15. What is a Parliament Government?
• A parliament is a legislature. More specifically,
"parliament" may refer only to a democratic
government's legislature. The term is derived from the
French parlement, the action of parler ("to speak"):
a parlement is a discussion. The term came to mean a
meeting at which such a discussion took place.[when?] It
acquired its modern meaning as it came to be used for
the body of people (in an institutional sense) who
would meet to discuss matters of state.[1]
• Generally, a parliament has three functions:
representation, legislation and parliamentary control
(i.e., hearings, inquiries).

16. Problems of Indian Republic
• The Republic of India is faced with four major
problems:
• 1. the Kashmir Question
• 2. over population
• 3. illiteracy
• 4. famine
• What are this problems? How it affects India?

17. Before that:
• Who is the head of the state?
• A. Prime Minister B. President
• B. President
• The first president elected in India.
• A. Nehru B. Dr. Prasad
• B. Dr. Prasad

18. Kashmir Question
• Kashmir has been a subject of dispute
between India and Pakistan.
• Kashmir- a lovely country in the Himalayas
- Produces the finest silk and wool.

19. STUDENTS IN AZAADAIR CAPITAL OF KASHMIR

20. A VIEW ON GOING TO KASHMIR LOOKING AT THE
HIMALAYAS

21. TRADITONAL
HOUSES IN
KASHMIR

22. • Its’ ruler, a Hindu maharajah
• Wanted his state incorporated with India. But
Pakistan objected.
- Most of the population (Khasmir) Muslims.

24. • Armed conflict broke out on October 1947
when Pakistani tribesmen invaded Kashmir.
• In response to mahrajah’s appeal, the Indian
Republic sent troops to Kashmir and occupied
the land.

25. The role of the United Nations
• The UN intervened both India and Pakistan to
cease hostilities on the new years eve of 1949.
• The security council voted to hold a plebiscite
in Kashmir
-let the people decide if they will join India or
Pakistan
- Until now the plebiscite has never been held.
-Both continue to claim Kashmir.

26. Population
• India is one of the most densely populated in
the world.
-suffers population explosion like China.
-her economy can longer support the needs of
the people.
-famine is the India’s main curse in the modern
times.

27. • Population of India in 2011
• 1,210,193,422 (1.21 billion)
• Total Male Population in India
• 623,700,000 (623.7 million)
• Total Female Population in India
• 586,500,000 (586.5 million)
• Sex Ratio
• 940 females per 1,000 males

29. *During the 19th century there were:
-32 recorded famines, during which 33, 000 000.
-1943-44, India experienced her “biggest and
most devastating famine”

30. -In Bengal alone 3 400 000 people starved to
death.
-masses undernourished, living in poverty and
ignorance, yet famous for the fabulous wealth
of her maharjahs.

32. • Finally, about 85% of India’s population are
illiterates. It means that despite the British
rule and the 46 universities and nearly 200
colleges in the country only 15% knows how
to read and write.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Literates Illiterate Population
Column1
Column2
Series 1

33. LITERACY OF INDIA PIE GRAPH
Male: 70.2%
female: 48.3%
PERCENTAGE
MALE LITERATE
FEMALE LITERATE

34. Country LITERACY RIRAATE
2003
COUNTRY LITERACY RATE
2003
AFGHANISTAN 36.0 % MALDIVES 96.9
BANGLADESH 40.0 MONGOLIA 98.4
BHUTAN 42.2 MYANMAR 84.7
CAMBODIA 79.1 NEPAL 41.7
CHINA 85.2 PAKISTAN 43.2
INDIA 57.2 PNG 63.9
INDONESIA 86.8 PHILS 94.9
IRAN 76 SRI LANKA 91.6
LAOS 64.8 THAILAND 95.5
MALAYSIA 87.4 VIETNAM 92.5 SOURCE: ASIAN
CIVILIZATION p.343

35. • At the present time 18 million is added to the
population per year:
• For example:
CHINA INDIA PAKISTAN
2003
1292.3 MILLION
2003
1073.00 MILLION
2003
147.66 MILLION
1,073,000
199073000
18 million x 11 years
(2014)
198, 000,000
1,931,400,000,00 198,000,000+ 1807300
199073000
Asian development bank
2004.

36. • Further more India can compete China in
populations term in the near future.
• As a result of high population, natural
resources are destructed.

37. Do you agree?
“People’s Literacy Matters at all”

38. Question:
• How does population affects to economic
growth?
• As what you have heard, what can be inferred
about India? Why do you think so?

39. • SUB-TOPIC II:
India in World
Affairs

40. • Because of her vast size, manpower, and rich
natural resources, India plays a:
- PROMINENT ROLE in world affairs.
- Pursued a policy which is pro-western neither
pro- communist

41. • Maintains friendly relations with other both
democratic and communist countries.
• Accepts loans and aids from Soviet Russia and
refused to take the side in the cold war
• Sided with Egypt against England and France
in the “ Suez Canal Crisis 1956”

42. • The same year she joined england and France
in denouncing Russia’s brutal suppression in
the Hungarian revolt
• Friendly relations with Red China and assailed
the conquest of Tibet by the Red chinese
horders.
• Active member in the U.N

43. • Exerts effort on Peace and freedom
among nations.
• The first woman to became the General
President of the Assembly of the u. n.
was Madame Vijaya Lashmi Pandit,
• Talented Indian diplomat
• Presided over 8 session of the assembly
in 1953.

44. -aside from those facts:
India is a champion on Asian rights and
Freedom.
-resents racial discrimination and western
imperialism in Asia.

45. • In 1947 , Prime Minister Nehru convened the
First Asian Relation Conference in New Delhi.
• Discuss in Asia in world affairs.
• Another conference in 1949 to support
Indonesia fight gain Independence against
Holland.
• Took active part in Bandung conference of
1955
• Fosters closer relation between Asian and
African Nations.
• Condemned colonialism

46. • Declared equality among races.
• Recovered the following places from France in
1952-54
• PONDICHERRY
• KIRKAL
• MAHE
• CHANDERGADOR
• YANAON
• December 1961
• Diu from Portugal

47. •THE END
•THANK YOU
•God Bless You Always!