The document discusses India's constitution and national languages after independence. It notes that the Indian constitution is the longest written constitution and establishes the framework of the government. It designates Hindi as the official language but does not give any single language national status. The constitution recognizes 22 scheduled languages and some have been designated as classical languages as well.

1. India After Independence
Done by Alston

2. New Constitution
• The Constitution of India is the supreme law
of India. It is a living document, the
permanent instrument which makes the
government system work. It lays down the
framework defining fundamental political
principles, establishes the structure,
procedures, powers and duties of government
institutions and sets out fundamental rights,
directive principles and the duties of citizens.

3. • It is the longest written constitution of any
sovereign country in the world. The nation is
governed on the basis of this Constitution. Dr.
Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is regarded as the
chief architect of the Indian Constitution, but
it was the Constituent Assembly that worked
under Dr Ambedkar and his team that drafted
the final copy of the Indian Constitution

6. National Language Of India
• There are several languages in India belonging to
different language families, the major ones being
the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 75% of
Indians, the Dravidian languages spoken by 20%
of Indians and other languages by rest of Indians.
Other languages spoken in India belong to the
Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, a few other minor
language families and isolates. 283 More than
three millennia of language contact has led to
significant mutual influence among the four
predominant language families in mainland India
and South Asia.

7. • The Constitution of India does not give any
language the status of national language. The
official language of the Union Government of
the Republic of India is Hindi in the Devanagari
script. The Eighth Schedule of the Indian
Constitution lists 22 languages, which have
been referred to as scheduled languages and
given recognition, status and official
encouragement. In addition, the Government
of India has awarded the distinction of
classical language to Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada,
Telugu, Malayalam and Odia.