This document discusses various elements of poetry including imagery, figures of speech, symbolism, allegory, and syntax. It defines imagery as the representation of sense impressions through visual, aural, tactile, or olfactory means. Figures of speech covered include hyperbole, synecdoche, metonymy, personification, metaphor, and simile. Symbolism uses objects or actions to represent something beyond themselves, while allegory employs symbols with stricter hidden meanings. Syntax refers to the arrangement of words as well as the organization of stanzas and refrains in poetry.

1. Elements of Poetry Part Two: Imagery, Figures of Speech, Symbolism, Allegory, Syntax

2. Imagery Concrete representation of sense impression, feeling or idea Visual, aural, tactile, olfactory Can be literal or metaphorical

3. Figures of Speech Hyperbole Exaggeration “I’m so hungry I could eat a cow.” Synecdoche Using a part to signify a whole “Lend me a hand” Metonymy Substituting an attribute of a thing for the thing itself “Step on the gas”

4. Figures of Speech Personificaiton Applying human characteristics to inanimate objects “the sad flowers” Metaphor Comparisons/association between unlike things “The moon was a giant flashlight in the sky” Simile Explicitly a comparison; use of “like” or “as” “He is as fast as a fox.”

5. Symbolism & Allegory Symbol Object or action that represents something beyond itself Tree branch = family roots, etc. Meaning controlled by context Allegory Objects, people that have hidden meanings Stricter in meanings

6. Syntax Arrangement of words In poetry, also refers to arrangement of stanzas, refrains, etc.