This presentation provides an overview of electronic noses (e-noses). It discusses how e-noses can detect volatile organic compounds to identify odors, similar to biological noses but with advantages like not tiring, getting sick, or being distracted. The main components of an e-nose include a sample delivery system to introduce odors, a sensor array to transduce chemical interactions into electrical signals, and a computing system to analyze the sensor responses. Common sensor technologies are metal oxide sensors, conducting polymers, quartz crystal microbalances, and MOSFETs. E-noses find applications in medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, the food industry, and detecting explosives. Future areas of research include miniaturizing e-nose technology and
Seminar on Electronic-NOSE (E-NOSE) By- MAYANK SAHUmayank843
A Presentation on Electronic-NOSE (E-NOSE) By- MAYANK SAHU,
From - KNS Institute of Technology, Bangalore.
An electronic nose is a device intended to detect odors or flavours.
It is based on “Electronic sensing” or “e-sensing” technology .
E-NOSE consists of certain mechanisms such as an array of electronic sensors for chemical detection and artificial neural network for pattern recognition.
Seminar on Electronic-NOSE (E-NOSE) By- MAYANK SAHUmayank843
A Presentation on Electronic-NOSE (E-NOSE) By- MAYANK SAHU,
From - KNS Institute of Technology, Bangalore.
An electronic nose is a device intended to detect odors or flavours.
It is based on “Electronic sensing” or “e-sensing” technology .
E-NOSE consists of certain mechanisms such as an array of electronic sensors for chemical detection and artificial neural network for pattern recognition.
Current and Future Research of E Nose(Electronic Nose)Nadiya Mahjabin
Abstract:-- Over last decade electronic sensing or e-sensing becomes an important
technology from both of technical and commercial point of view which refers to the
capability of reproducing human senses using sensor arrays and pattern recognition
system. An electronic nose is such an instrument which consists of mechanism for
identification of chemical detection such as an array of electronic sensors and a
mechanism of pattern recognition. This paper highlights the significant researches of
Electronic nose which are being performed currently and at the same time how can we
use it in the future more effectively .
ROLE OF SUBSTANTIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN ELECTRONIC NOSE SENSOR SELECTION FOR D...IAEME Publication
Electronic Nose has widen up the possibilities of detection and analysis of certain factors for environmental, medical, narcotic, military and many more application areas. A systematic approach for the parameter selection and choice of proper sensor arrays determines the quality of the expected output. The main motto behind the approach is to obtain certain outcomes as the final result of analysis carried out on the basis of data acquired. Certain characteristics and properties play a vital role in the entire process of odor recognition, ranging from sensor selection to odor measurement and analysis
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Design of Electronic Nose System Using Gas Chromatography Principle and Surfa...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Most gases are odorless, colorless and also hazard to be sensed by the human olfactory system.
Hence, an electronic nose system is required for the gas classification process. This study presents the
design of electronic nose system using a combination of Gas Chromatography Column and a Surface
Acoustic Wave (SAW). The Gas Chromatography Column is a technique based on the compound partition
at a certain temperature. Whereas, the SAW sensor works based on the resonant frequency change. In
this study, gas samples including methanol, acetonitrile, and benzene are used for system performance
measurement. Each gas sample generates a specific acoustic signal data in the form of a frequency
change recorded by the SAW sensor. Then, the acoustic signal data is analyzed to obtain the acoustic
features, i.e. the peak amplitude, the negative slope, the positive slope, and the length. The Support
Vector Machine (SVM) method using the acoustic feature as its input parameters are applied to classify
the gas sample. Radial Basis Function is used to build the optimal hyperplane model which devided into
two processes i.e., the training process and the external validation process. According to the result
performance, the training process has the accuracy of 98.7% and the external validation process has the
accuracy of 93.3%. Our electronic nose system has the average sensitivity of 51.43 Hz/mL to sense the
gas samples.
Reliable e-nose for air toxicity monitoring by filter diagonalization methodIJECEIAES
This paper introduces a compact, affordable electronic nose (e-nose) device devoted to detect the presence of toxic compounds that could affect human health, such as carbon monoxide, combustible gas, hydrogen, methane, and smoke, among others. Such artificial olfaction device consists of an array of six metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors and a computer-based information system for signal acquisition, processing, and visualization. This study further proposes the use of the filter diagonalization method (FDM) to extract the spectral contents of the signals obtained from the sensors. Preliminary results show that the prototype is functional and that the FDM approach is suitable for a later classification stage. Example deployment scenarios of the proposed e-nose include indoor facilities (buildings and warehouses), compromised air quality places (mines and sanitary landfills), public transportation, mobile robots, and wireless sensor networks.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
2. CONTENTS
Introduction
What and why E-nose?
Comparison of e-nose with Sniffer Dogs and Biological nose
Main Components
Block Diagram
Working principle of an e-nose
Sensor technology in e-nose
Experimental Setup
Applications of e-nose
Future Scope
Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are basic to odours.
The detection of chemicals such as industrial gases and chemical warfare
agents is important to human health and safety and also for industrial
purposes.
But the human nose is not sensitive to all kind of VOC’s.
It is also important to have a detection system for VOC’s which are
hazardeous to human beings.
Until now, online communication involved only two of our senses, sense
of sight & sense of hearing. A system to transfer or for the digital
representation of the odour is also a matter of concern.
These all facts lead to the requirement of an electronic detection system
for odours which is “Electronic Nose” .
4. An electronic nose (e-nose) is a device that identifies the specific
components of an odour and analyzes its chemical makeup to identify it.
Can be regarded as a modular system comprising a set of active
materials which detect the odour, associated sensors which transduce the
chemical quantity into electrical signals, followed by appropriate signal
conditioning and processing to classify known odours or identify unknown
odours .
Device intended to detect odours or flavors.
Can be seen as arrays of sensors able to generate electrical signals in
response to either simple or complex volatile compounds present in the
gaseous sample.
What is the E-Nose?
5. E-nose can be sent to detect toxic and otherwise hazardous situations
that humans may wish to avoid.
Human olfactory system may be unstable with respect to mood or
physical condition, but E-nose are not.
Speedy and Accurate decision making capabilities because of pattern
matching technology.
Why do we need an E-Nose?
The human sniffers are costly when compared to electronic nose.
For the confirmation of the values obtained
from a sniffer the result obtained from the
sniffer has to be compared with some other
sniffer’s value.
There lies a great chances of difference in the
values got by each individual.
6. Sniffer Dogs Vs E-Nose
There are things a dog cannot smell because its 'sensors' are just not sensitive to it.
One of the advantages of an electronic nose is that we can design sensors to detect
particular compounds -- with a dog, it has whatever it has.
Another advantage of an electronic nose is that it doesn’t get tired or sick, it
doesn't stop to eat or sleep, cannot have an 'off day' and it does not get distracted by
more interesting smells.
Its memory can be programmed to recognize thousands of combinations of
chemicals, as against Sniffer dogs that can only be trained to sniff a finite number of
combinations.
The electronic nose can also provide the police more precise clues since— unlike
sniffer dogs—it narrows down the exact type of explosive used.
It can work longer, harder and cost less in the long run than real sniffers.
A trained dog cannot work for more than 40 minutes at a stretch.
Dogs have a short lifespan since they have to sniff narcotics and explosives, which
represent a health hazard.
7. Biological Nose
Of all the five senses, olfaction uses the largest part of the brain
and is an essential part of our daily lives.
Human nose is very sensitive. Subject to fatigue, inconsistances, adaptation etc.
Smelling toxic gases may involve risk .
Each and every part of the electronic nose is similar to human nose.
Biological Nose E-Nose
Inhaling Pump
Mucus Filter
Olfactory epithelium Sensors
Binding with proteins Interaction
Enzymatic proteins Reaction
Cell membrane
depolarized
Signal
Nerve impulses Circuitry and
Neural Network
8. E-Nose: Main Components
Electronic noses include three major parts:
I. a sample delivery system
II. a detection system
III. a computing system
sample
delivery
system
detection
system
computing
system
9. I. Sample delivery system
Enables the generation of the headspace (volatile compounds) of a sample.
The system then injects this headspace into the detection system of the e-nose.
The sample delivery system is essential to guarantee constant operating
conditions.
II. Detection system
Consists of a sensor set, is the "reactive" part of the instrument.
Adsorption of volatile compounds on the sensor surface causes a
physical change of the sensor; they experience a change of electrical
properties.
A specific response is recorded by the electronic interface transforming the signal
into a digital value.
Recorded data are then computed based on statistical models.
10. III. Computing system
Works to combine the responses of all of the sensors, which represents the input
for the data treatment.
This part of the instrument performs global fingerprint analysis and provides
results and representations that can be easily interpreted.
Moreover, the electronic nose results can be correlated to those obtained from
other techniques.
12. E-Nose: Working Principle
An air sample is pulled by a vacuum pump.
It is led through a tube into a small chamber consisting of electronic
sensor array.
A transient response is produced as the volatile organic compounds in the
sample
interact with the surface of the sensor’s active material.
A steady state response is reached within few minutes.
This response is then sent to a signal processing unit.
odour Information
Sensor
chamber
computer
Feature
extraction
Pattern
recognition
13. This is done to remove the odorant mixture
from the surface and bulk of the sensor's active
material.
Finally, the reference gas is again applied to the
array, to prepare it for a new measurement cycle.
A variety of basic sensors can be used according
to the nose strategy chosen.
Each sensor in the array has different
characteristics.
The pattern of response across all the sensors in
the array is used to identify and/or
characterize the odour.
A washing gas such as an alcohol vapour is applied to the array for a few
seconds to a minute.
14. Using array of sensors, each sensor designed to respond to a specific chemical .
Number of unique sensors must be at least as great as the number of chemicals
being monitored
Each element measures a different property of the sensed chemical
Each chemical vapour presented to the sensor array produces a signature or
pattern characteristic of the vapour
E-Nose: Sensing System
Fig. Response of sensor array to different pure chemicals
Use of Artificial neural networks (ANN) along with array.
15. Used to analyze complex data and to recognize patterns, are showing promising
results in chemical vapour recognition.
ANN combined with a sensor array
Number of detectable chemicals is greater than that of sensors
Less selective sensors can be used
Less expensive too
Electronic noses incorporating ANNs have been demonstrated in various
applications.
16. E-Nose Sensors
The sensor array is clearly the key element. It forms the primary step in the
detection or identification of an odorant.
The most commonly used sensor s in electronic nose are:
(1) Conductivity sensors
(2) Piezoelectric sensors
(3) MOSFET sensors
Metal oxide sensors(MOS) Conducting Polymers
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Surface Acoustic Wave
17. (1) Conductivity Sensors:
(1a) MOS (Metal oxide sensors)
Adsorption of gas molecules provoke
changes in conductivity .
This conductivity change is the measure of the
amount of volatile organic compounds adsorbed.
(1b) Conducting polymers
Conducting or conductive polymer gas sensors operate based on changes in
electrical resistance caused by adsorption of gases onto the sensor
surface.
If there has been no change in the composition of the air, the films stay at the
baseline resistance and the percent change is zero.
e
-
e
-
e
-
e
-
e
-
e
-
temperature sensitive
heater film
Gas sensitive
sensor film
18. e- e- e-
e- e-e-
e
- e
-
e
- e
-
e
-
e
-
(2) Piezoelectric Sensors:
Adsorption of gas onto the surface of the polymer leads to change in mass on the
sensor surface.
This in turn produces a change in the resonant frequency of the crystal.
This change in frequency is proportional to the concentration of the test material.
If a different compound had caused the air to change, the pattern of the polymer
films' change would have been different as shown below:
19. (2a) Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM):
Consists of a resonating disk with metal electrodes
on each side connected to lead wire
Resonates at a characteristic frequency (10-30 MHz)
when excited with an oscillating signal
Polymer coating serves as sensing material
Gas adsorbed at the surface of the polymer
increases the mass, reduces resonance frequency
Reduction is inversely proportional to mass adsorbed by the polymer
(2b) Surface acoustic-wave (SAW):
An ac signal is applied across the input metal transducer
Fingers of this gas sensor creates an acoustic wave that "surfs" the piezoelectric
substrate
20. When the wave reaches the metal
fingers of the output transducer, ac
voltage is recreated
Voltage is shifted in phase as a
result of the distance travelled.
Phase shift depends on the mass
& the absorption properties of the
sensing polymer layer
SAW devices are less sensitive than QCMs
(3) MOSFET Sensors:
A volatile organic compound produces a
reaction in the sensing layer(gate).
This causes the physical property of the
gate to change.
Thereby the threshold voltage is changed
and thus the channel conductivity.
21. Computing System
An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an information processing
paradigm that is inspired by the way biological nervous systems, such as the
brain, process information.
The key element of this paradigm is the novel structure of the information
processing system. It is composed of a large number of highly
interconnected processing elements (neurons) working in unison to solve
specific problems. ANNs, like people, learn by example.
An ANN is configured for a specific application, such as pattern
recognition or data classification, through a learning process.
Learning in biological systems involves adjustments to the synaptic
connections that exist between the neurons. This is true of ANNs as well.
22. Fig: Output of E-nose
In case of ENOSE with 9 sensors, ANN takes inputs from all the sensors
and then computes the corresponding output as shown,
24. Applications
The applications(current) of an electronic nose
include:
Medical diagnosis and health monitoring
Environmental monitoring
Application in food industry
Detection of explosives
Space applications(NASA)
In research and development industries
In quality control laboratories
In process and production department
25. Medical diagnosis and health monitoring
I. Respiratory disease diagnosis
• Human breath contains thousands of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gas
phase.
• E-nose can diagnose respiratory infections such as pneumonia.
• It does so by comparing smell prints from the breath of a sick patient with those
of patients with standardized readings.
• It is also being studied as a diagnostic tool for lung cancer.
II. Urinary Tract infections
• The e-nose as a potential diagnostic tool for patients affected with kidney
diseases, by distinguishing traces of blood in urine samples.
26. III. Cancer detection
• E-nose is capable of distinguishing between the breath of a
healthy person and a person with cancer.
• The device is especially promising because it is able to detect
cancer before tumors become visible in X-rays.
Environmental monitoring by e-nose
Environmental applications of electronic noses include:
• analysis of fuel mixtures
• detection of oil leaks
• testing ground water for odours
• identification of household odours
• identification of toxic wastes
• air quality monitoring
• monitoring factory emissions etc.
27. Applications of e-nose in food industry
Analysis of fruit ripening
• Fruit ripening is associated with an accumulation of aromatic
volatiles during ripening.
• Information from the noses can help in removal of rotten
fruits at the appropriate time.
• This can help in avoiding storage losses due to rots and fruit diseases.
Detection of explosives
• E-nose is being developed for military and security applications in the detection of
explosives and hazardous chemicals.
28. Space applications---e-nose and NASA
JPL E-Nose:
• It is a full-time, continuously operating event monitor
used in the International Space Station.
• Designed to detect air contamination from spills and leaks
in the crew habitat
• Provides rapid, early identification and quantification
of atmospheric changes caused by chemical species to which it
has been trained.
• Can also be used to monitor cleanup processes after a leak or a spill.
29. Research is being done on IC E-Noses
Miniaturizing current Technology
Improvement in sensitivity for lower levels of organisms or
smaller samples.
Minimizing cost
Future scope
30. Future scope
Digital Scent Technology
• To sense, transmit & receive smell through
internet.
• Scent is detected and processed using E Nose.
• A scent is indexed along two parameters, its chemical makeup and its
place in the scent “spectrum” and then digitized into a small file.
• Broadcast: The digital file is sent, attached to enhanced web content.
• Smell Synthesizer: The smell synthesizer means the device which is used
to generate the smells.
31. Electronic Nose
Advantages
1. Detection of poisonous gas is possible
2. Can be done in real time for long periods
3. Cheaper than Trained human sniffers
4. Individuals vary, e-nose don’t
5. Digital representation of odour is possible.
Limitations
1. Time delay between successive tests.
2. Insensitivity to some species.
32. Conclusion
Humans are not well suited for repetitive tasks. Electronic nose has the
potential to become standard tool for smelling. Researches are still going on
to make electronic nose much more compact than the present one and to
make e-nose ICs.
It also initiates for a new era of representing odour as an
electronic/digital data like we have done on picture and sound.
With the senses of ‘vision’ and ‘hearing’
already in place, and the sense of ‘touch’
being developed (hepatic technology), the
robots will soon have all the five human
senses.
And I don’t think the day is too far
when they will have the so-called
‘sixth’ sense!