The document discusses electronic noses (e-noses), which are devices that mimic the human sense of smell. An e-nose uses an array of electronic sensors and pattern recognition systems to detect odors. It works by sampling odors, analyzing them using different sensors, and then using artificial intelligence to identify the odor based on previous samples. E-noses have various applications like environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis, and quality control in food production. While they have advantages over human smell in speed and sensitivity, e-noses still cannot perfectly mimic the complexity of the human olfactory system.

1. PRESENTED BY :-
KIRAN
75143003
ECE(3rd sem)
ELECTRONIC NOSE 1

2. CONTENTS
ELECTRONIC NOSE
 INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS E-SENSING?
 PREVIOUS WORK DONE
 WORKING OF E-NOSE
 E-NOSE VS. BIOLOGICAL NOSE
 CYRANOSE 320
 APPLICATIONS
 ADVANTAGES OVER BIO NOSE
 CHALLENGES INVOLVED
 FUTURE ASPECTS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
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3. INTRODUCTION
A electronic nose is a device
intended to detect odours and flavours.
It is based on “electronic sensing ”or
“e-sensing” technology.
E-NOSE consists of certain mechanism
such as an array of electronic sensors
for chemical detection and artificial
neural network for pattern recognition.
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4. WHAT IS E-SENSING?
 “Electronic sensing” refers to the capability of
reproducing human senses using sensor arrays
and pattern recognition systems.
 It has undergone important development from a
technical and commercial point of view.
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5. PREVIOUS WORK DONE
• E-nose was first suggested by K.Persaud and
George Dodd of Warwick University in 1982.
• Then afterwards in 1988, another professor of
this university named Julian Gardner
conducted his research on this.
• It then came into popular use after 1989.
• Since then, development of sensor array-based
instruments has been actively pursued in Asia,
Europe and North America.
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6. WORKING OF E-NOSE
The electronic nose was developed in order to mimic
the human olfaction.
It consists of arrays of sensors which are able to
generate electrical signals in response to either simple
or complex volatile compounds present in the gaseous
sample.
Essentially, e-nose consists of three major parts:
 Sample Delivery System.
 Detection System.
 Computing system.
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7. WORKING OF E-NOSE CONT’D…
A. SAMPLE DELIVERY SYSTEM
• Enables generation of a sample which is to be
analyze.
• Then it is injected to detection system.
B. DETECTION SYSTEM
• Contains a group of sensors to sense the
compound.
• Sensors react to the compound and the
response is recorded by an electronic
interface.
• Transforms signal into digital value.
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8. WORKING OF E-NOSE CONT’D…
C. COMPUTING SYSTEM
• It combines the responses of all sensors to
produce a result.
• These results can be easily analysed with a
database of qualified samples.
• New samples are identified by comparing
those with the samples in database.
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9. BLOCK DIAGRAM
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10. E-NOSE VS. BIOLOGICAL NOSE
BIOLOGICAL NOSE E-NOSE
 It uses the lungs to
bring the odour to
epithelium layer.
 It has mucus,
membrane and hair to
act as filter.
 The human nose
contains the olfactory
epithelium, which
contains millions of
sensing cells that
interact with the
odorous molecules in
unique ways.
 It employs a pump to
smell the odour.
 It has an inlet sampling
system that provides
filtration.
 E-nose has a variety of
sensors that interact
differently with the
samples provided.
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11. E-NOSE VS. BIOLOGICAL NOSE CONT’D…
BIOLOGICAL NOSE E-NOSE
 The human receptors
convert the chemical
responses to electronic
nerve impulses whose
unique patterns are
propagated by neurons
through a complex
network before reaching
the higher brain for
interpretation.
 Similarly, the chemical
sensors in the E-nose
react with the sample
and produce electrical
signals. A computer
reads the unique pattern
of signals, and interprets
them with some form of
intelligent pattern
classification algorithm.
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12. E-NOSE VS. BIOLOGICAL NOSE CONT’D…
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13. CYRANOSE 320
 The Cyranose 320 is a
handheld “electronic nose”
developed by Cyrano
Sciences of Pasadena,
California in 2000.
 Applications researched
using the Cyranose 320
includes the detection of
COPD, and other medical
conditions as well as
industrial applications
generally related to quality
control or contamination
detection.
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14. APPLICATIONS
 IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING:
 For identification of volatile organic compounds in
air, water and soil samples.
 For environmental protection.
 IN QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORIES:
 Conformity of raw material, intermediate products.
 Detection of contamination, spoilage and
adulteration.
 Monitoring of storage conditions.
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15. APPLICATIONS CONT’D…
 FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS:
 As the sense of smell is an important sense to the
physician, an e-nose has applicability as a diagnostic
tool. It can examine odours from the body and thus
can identify possible problems.
 IN FOOD INDUSTRY:
 Currently, this is the biggest market for e-nose. Its
applications include quality assessment in food
production and monitoring various food items based
on their odour.
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16. ADVANTAGES OVER BIO NOSE
The human sniffers are costly as compared to
e-nose. Also detection of hazardous gases by
them is not possible.
 E-nose has wide range of sensitivity.
 Results obtained by e-nose are fast and more
accurate.
 It is well- suited for repetitive or boring tasks.
 It can also detect substances which are not
detected by our human nose, like mercury.
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17. CHALLENGES INVOLVED
E-nose can only identify a standard set
of odours which is stored in its database.
Though it is effective but still it can’t
mimic the complex human olfactory
system exactly.
They also have shorter lifetime because
of the sensors employed in them.
 Moreover, e-noses available in market
are not economical.
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18. FUTURE ASPECTS OF E-NOSE
 IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH AND SECURITY
o The quality control of food products as it could be
conveniently placed in food packaging to clearly
indicate when food has started to rot.
o It is used to detect bacterial contamination in the food
products.
o It can be used to detect the cancers like brain and lung
cancer.
o A more futuristic application of e-nose has been
recently proposed for telesurgery.
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19. FUTURE ASPECTS OF E-NOSE CONT’D…
IN THE FIELD OF CRIME PREVENTION
o The ability of the electronic nose to detect
odourless chemicals makes it ideal for use in the
police force, such as to detect drug odours despite
other airborne odours capable of confusing police
dogs.
o It may also be used as a bomb detection method in
airports.
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20. CONCLUSION
An electronic nose is a system created to
mimic the functioning of human nose.
 Since the whole working is automatic, it can
also be used by non specialists.
 Although it has several advantages, yet it is
still far from the selectivity provided by a
human nose.
Basically, it is a tool provided to overcome the
shortcomings of human nose thus giving us
more fast and accurate results.
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21. REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_nose
www.enose.info/environmental.html
http://enose.jpl.nasa.gov
http://science1.nasa.gov/2004/06oct_enose
H. V. Shurmur, “The fifth sense: on the scent of the
electronic nose” IEEE Review, pp:- 5998, March
1990
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