This document provides an overview of magnetic flux and how changing magnetic fields can induce electric currents based on Faraday's Law of Induction and Lenz's Law. It defines magnetic flux as the total number of magnetic field lines passing through an area, and gives the equation for calculating flux. It explains how changing the magnetic field strength, area, or their relative angle affects flux. Examples are given for calculating flux and for using Faraday's Law to find induced emf. Lenz's Law is introduced as describing the direction of induced currents as opposing the change in magnetic flux that created them.
This document provides an overview of physical optics concepts for an AP Physics exam preparation course. It begins with an introduction to the electromagnetic spectrum and the nature of light as a transverse wave. Key concepts covered include interference, diffraction, polarization, and applications of these concepts such as thin film interference, the double slit experiment, and diffraction gratings. Learning objectives are listed and a concept map provides an overview of how the topics are related.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in physical optics, including:
1) Electromagnetic waves exhibit properties of reflection, refraction, interference and can be characterized by their frequency and wavelength. Interference occurs when waves superimpose and can be constructive or destructive.
2) Thin film interference and diffraction gratings demonstrate how light waves can interfere with each other due to differences in path lengths.
3) Polarization describes light where the electric field oscillates in only one direction, while unpolarized light oscillates randomly. Polarizing filters can be used to selectively transmit polarized light.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in electromagnetism for an AP Physics exam. It defines terms like charge, current, magnetic field lines, and flux. It describes Faraday's Law that voltage induced is directly proportional to the number of loops and change in magnetic flux over time. It also explains Lenz's Law that induced current opposes the original change in flux. Example diagrams and formulas are given for magnetic flux, induced EMF, generators, and the right hand rule. Problem solving tips are outlined to apply the appropriate formulas and consider field directions.
Hans Christian Oersted discovered in 1819 that a compass needle is deflected by a current-carrying wire, demonstrating the relationship between electricity and magnetism. A current produces a circular magnetic field around it, and the direction of the magnetic field can be determined using the Right-Hand Grip rule. Maxwell's equations relate electric and magnetic fields and show that changing magnetic fields produce electric fields and vice versa. Magnetic fields exert forces on moving charges and electric currents. These forces allow applications like electromagnets, electric motors, and particle accelerators.
This document summarizes key concepts from a chapter on magnetic fields. It discusses the magnetic field created by a current-carrying wire, which is perpendicular to the wire. It also describes how a current loop acts as a magnet, with a magnetic dipole moment proportional to the current and area of the loop. Additionally, it covers Ampere's law relating the line integral of magnetic field around a closed loop to the current passing through the enclosed area.
1) Magnets have north and south poles that attract or repel each other depending on their orientation. They generate magnetic fields around them represented by field lines.
2) Charged particles experience a magnetic force when moving through a magnetic field that is perpendicular to both the field and velocity directions. The right hand rule determines the force direction.
3) Current-carrying wires also experience a magnetic force when placed in an external magnetic field due to their internal magnetic field generated by the current.
(1) Ampere's Circuital Law relates the net magnetic field along a closed loop to the electric current passing through the loop. It was first discovered by André-Marie Ampère in 1826.
(2) The law states that the line integral of the magnetic field over a closed path equals the permeability of free space times the total current enclosed by that closed loop. It can be expressed mathematically as an integral or differential equation.
(3) Applications of the law include calculating the magnetic field inside and outside a long cylindrical conductor, finding the magnetic field of a solenoid, and determining the magnetic field of a toroidal solenoid.
Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrating electric charges and can transfer energy through space without matter. They are transverse waves consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic waves can behave as either waves or particles called photons, with higher frequency waves having shorter wavelengths. The entire range of electromagnetic wave frequencies is called the electromagnetic spectrum.
This document provides an overview of physical optics concepts for an AP Physics exam preparation course. It begins with an introduction to the electromagnetic spectrum and the nature of light as a transverse wave. Key concepts covered include interference, diffraction, polarization, and applications of these concepts such as thin film interference, the double slit experiment, and diffraction gratings. Learning objectives are listed and a concept map provides an overview of how the topics are related.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in physical optics, including:
1) Electromagnetic waves exhibit properties of reflection, refraction, interference and can be characterized by their frequency and wavelength. Interference occurs when waves superimpose and can be constructive or destructive.
2) Thin film interference and diffraction gratings demonstrate how light waves can interfere with each other due to differences in path lengths.
3) Polarization describes light where the electric field oscillates in only one direction, while unpolarized light oscillates randomly. Polarizing filters can be used to selectively transmit polarized light.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in electromagnetism for an AP Physics exam. It defines terms like charge, current, magnetic field lines, and flux. It describes Faraday's Law that voltage induced is directly proportional to the number of loops and change in magnetic flux over time. It also explains Lenz's Law that induced current opposes the original change in flux. Example diagrams and formulas are given for magnetic flux, induced EMF, generators, and the right hand rule. Problem solving tips are outlined to apply the appropriate formulas and consider field directions.
Hans Christian Oersted discovered in 1819 that a compass needle is deflected by a current-carrying wire, demonstrating the relationship between electricity and magnetism. A current produces a circular magnetic field around it, and the direction of the magnetic field can be determined using the Right-Hand Grip rule. Maxwell's equations relate electric and magnetic fields and show that changing magnetic fields produce electric fields and vice versa. Magnetic fields exert forces on moving charges and electric currents. These forces allow applications like electromagnets, electric motors, and particle accelerators.
This document summarizes key concepts from a chapter on magnetic fields. It discusses the magnetic field created by a current-carrying wire, which is perpendicular to the wire. It also describes how a current loop acts as a magnet, with a magnetic dipole moment proportional to the current and area of the loop. Additionally, it covers Ampere's law relating the line integral of magnetic field around a closed loop to the current passing through the enclosed area.
1) Magnets have north and south poles that attract or repel each other depending on their orientation. They generate magnetic fields around them represented by field lines.
2) Charged particles experience a magnetic force when moving through a magnetic field that is perpendicular to both the field and velocity directions. The right hand rule determines the force direction.
3) Current-carrying wires also experience a magnetic force when placed in an external magnetic field due to their internal magnetic field generated by the current.
(1) Ampere's Circuital Law relates the net magnetic field along a closed loop to the electric current passing through the loop. It was first discovered by André-Marie Ampère in 1826.
(2) The law states that the line integral of the magnetic field over a closed path equals the permeability of free space times the total current enclosed by that closed loop. It can be expressed mathematically as an integral or differential equation.
(3) Applications of the law include calculating the magnetic field inside and outside a long cylindrical conductor, finding the magnetic field of a solenoid, and determining the magnetic field of a toroidal solenoid.
Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrating electric charges and can transfer energy through space without matter. They are transverse waves consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic waves can behave as either waves or particles called photons, with higher frequency waves having shorter wavelengths. The entire range of electromagnetic wave frequencies is called the electromagnetic spectrum.
1) The Earth behaves like a giant bar magnet with magnetic north and south poles. Its magnetic field is generated by electrical currents in the liquid outer core due to convection of iron and nickel.
2) The magnetic poles do not align with the geographic poles, as the magnetic axis is tilted about 11 degrees from the Earth's rotational axis.
3) The dynamo effect in the outer core sustains the Earth's magnetic field through convection-driven electrical currents that act like a self-exciting dynamo.
Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that occurs in discrete units and is carried by elementary particles. There are two types of electric charges: positive and negative. Objects with like charges repel each other, while objects with opposite charges attract. Electric charge is always conserved in closed systems according to Coulomb's law. The Lorentz force law describes the combination of electric and magnetic forces on a moving charged particle due to electromagnetic fields. It plays an important role in technologies like cathode ray tubes.
1. The document discusses various topics related to magnetic fields including the magnetic field produced by electric currents, magnetic field lines, the magnetic field of the Earth, and the forces experienced by moving charges and current-carrying conductors in magnetic fields.
2. Key concepts covered include the Biot-Savart law for calculating magnetic fields, the right hand rule for determining magnetic field direction, the motion of charged particles in uniform magnetic fields, and applications such as mass spectrometers and the aurora borealis.
3. Measurement techniques for magnetic fields including using a current balance, search coil, and Hall probe are also summarized.
1) Magnets have north and south poles that attract or repel each other depending on their orientation, similar to electric charges. The magnetic force follows a law analogous to Newton's law of gravity and Coulomb's law for electricity.
2) If a magnet is broken in half, each new piece becomes a smaller magnet with its own north and south poles, rather than separating the original poles.
3) Passing an electric current through a coil of wire or loop creates a magnetic field. The direction and strength of the magnetic field can be determined using the right hand rule.
In wireless communication, we frequently use an electromagnetic wave. In this presentation, we can study wave equation, reflection, plane wave, and transmission line.
Magnetic field and trajectory of movig chargesYashu Chhabra
1) A magnetic field does no work on a moving charged particle, as the magnetic force is always perpendicular to the velocity.
2) As a result, the kinetic energy of a charged particle moving in a magnetic field remains constant, while its direction of motion traces out a circular path.
3) The only effect of a magnetic field on a moving charged particle is to change its direction of motion, not its speed or kinetic energy.
1. Static electricity is a stationary electric charge produced by friction that causes sparks or attraction of dust. The triboelectric effect produces charge when objects rub against each other.
2. Materials are either conductors that allow electron flow or insulators that impede electron flow. Common conductors include metals and aqueous salt solutions, while common insulators include plastics, glass, and dry air.
3. Electrostatic induction modifies charge distribution on one material under the influence of a nearby charged object, allowing for charging by proximity without direct contact.
This document provides information about Earth's magnetism and magnetic fields. It explains that Earth's magnetic field is generated by a dynamo effect in the planet's liquid iron core, similar to how a bicycle dynamo works. It also defines key terms related to magnetism, including uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields, magnetic field lines, magnetic poles, dipoles, permeability, and susceptibility. The document discusses how Earth's magnetic field behaves similarly to a bar magnet and protects the planet, while hot temperatures cause metals to lose their magnetic properties.
This document discusses various topics related to magnetism including:
1. The properties of bar magnets such as having two poles and aligning along the north-south axis.
2. Current loops and solenoids can also act as magnets with a magnetic dipole moment.
3. The magnetic field due to a dipole follows an inverse cube law and the torque on a dipole in a uniform field is proportional to the magnetic moment.
4. Earth has its own magnetic field with a magnetic axis inclined to the geographic axis, and this field exhibits properties like declination and dip.
5. Materials are classified as diamagnetic, paramagnetic or ferromagnetic based on their relative permeability and
1) Ampere's circuital law states that the line integral of the magnetic field B around any closed path is equal to the permeability of free space times the total current passing through the enclosed area.
2) The law can be used to calculate magnetic fields due to various current carrying conductors like long straight wires, solenoids, and toroids.
3) For a long straight wire, the magnetic field at a distance r is given by B=μ0I/2πr. For a solenoid, the magnetic field inside is uniform and given by B=μ0nI, where n is number of turns per unit length. For a toroid, the magnetic field within is also
1) The document discusses magnetic fields, field lines, and the forces experienced by moving charges in magnetic fields.
2) It explains that a magnetic field extends through all space and is represented by magnetic field lines. A magnetic dipole field leaves the North pole and enters the South pole.
3) The magnetic force on a moving charge is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the velocity of the charge, and is given by the equation F=qv×B.
1. Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831 when he found that a changing magnetic field can generate an electric current.
2. According to Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, a changing magnetic flux induces an electromotive force (emf) in a circuit. The magnitude of the induced emf is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the circuit.
3. Lenz's law states that the direction of the induced current is such that it creates its own magnetic field to oppose the original change in magnetic flux that created it.
1. Every magnet has two poles, north and south, and magnetic fields are described by field lines that run from the north to the south pole.
2. A current-carrying wire in a magnetic field experiences a force perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field. Fleming's left hand rule can be used to determine the direction of this force.
3. Charged particles like electrons moving through a magnetic field experience a force perpendicular to their motion, causing them to travel in a circular path. The magnetic field provides the centripetal force.
The document discusses magnetic fields produced by electric currents. It begins by introducing the Biot-Savart law, which describes the magnetic field generated by a straight wire carrying a current. It then examines the magnetic field of a circular current loop, noting that the field depends on the current I, distance R from the loop, and radius a. At large distances R compared to the radius a, the field approximates that of a magnetic dipole with a magnetic dipole moment m proportional to the current I and area A of the loop.
Measurement of physical optics and microwavesSubhasis Shit
This document provides an overview of physical optics and microwaves. It discusses several topics including interference using a Michelson interferometer, diffraction of light and microwaves, photoconductivity, and polarization of light. For interference, it describes types of interference and performing measurements using a Michelson interferometer to determine the wavelength of a laser and refractive index of a glass plate. For diffraction, it discusses Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction and performing experiments to observe diffraction patterns from microwaves and laser light. It also presents the results of experiments measuring photoconductivity and verifying Malus' law of polarization.
This document is a lecture presentation on electromagnetic wave propagation by Mr. Himanshu Diwakar. It includes:
- An outline discussing Maxwell's equations, the Helmholtz equation, propagation constant, properties of electromagnetic waves, and wave propagation in free space.
- A note emphasizing the need to review electrostatics, magnetostatics, and vector identities to fully understand electromagnetic waves.
- Explanations of the Pointing theorem, which states that the time rate of change of electromagnetic energy within a volume plus the net energy flowing out equals the work done on charges within the volume.
- Definitions of the Poynting vector and its relationship to the electric and magnetic
1. Electric currents flowing in wires produce magnetic fields around the wires. The direction of the magnetic field can be determined using the right-hand grip rule.
2. A wire carrying a current experiences a force when placed in a magnetic field. The direction of this force can be determined using Fleming's left-hand rule. Charged particles also experience a force in a magnetic field.
3. Parallel wires with currents in the same direction attract, while parallel wires with currents in opposite directions repel. This is due to the interaction of the magnetic fields produced by each current.
This document provides a summary of key concepts related to magnetic fields in physics. It defines important terms like charge, current, magnetic field lines, and poles. It also lists common variables and formulas used to calculate magnetic force, field strength, and other quantities. Examples are given to demonstrate how to set up and solve typical magnetic field problems using the right hand rule and other problem-solving techniques.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This document provides a summary of basic math concepts for physics including:
1) Algebraic operations for solving equations for variables such as adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing terms.
2) Procedures for calculations with significant figures when adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing quantities.
3) How to write numbers in scientific notation and perform calculations using scientific notation such as multiplication, division, powers, and roots.
This document provides a summary of key concepts in rotational motion and equilibrium for an AP Physics exam. It defines important terms like vector, torque, moment of inertia, and angular momentum. It lists common formulas used to solve rotational motion problems and gives examples of unit conversions. The summary concludes with tips for solving rotational motion problems, like drawing diagrams and using the correct formula that incorporates known and unknown quantities.
This document provides a summary of key concepts in electric circuits for an AP Physics exam. It defines important terms like charge, current, voltage, and resistance. It explains the differences between series and parallel circuits and introduces Kirchhoff's laws. Formulas for voltage, resistance, power, and circuit calculations are presented. Example problems demonstrate applying the concepts and formulas to calculate current, power usage, and the number of light bulbs that can be connected before tripping a circuit breaker.
1) The Earth behaves like a giant bar magnet with magnetic north and south poles. Its magnetic field is generated by electrical currents in the liquid outer core due to convection of iron and nickel.
2) The magnetic poles do not align with the geographic poles, as the magnetic axis is tilted about 11 degrees from the Earth's rotational axis.
3) The dynamo effect in the outer core sustains the Earth's magnetic field through convection-driven electrical currents that act like a self-exciting dynamo.
Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that occurs in discrete units and is carried by elementary particles. There are two types of electric charges: positive and negative. Objects with like charges repel each other, while objects with opposite charges attract. Electric charge is always conserved in closed systems according to Coulomb's law. The Lorentz force law describes the combination of electric and magnetic forces on a moving charged particle due to electromagnetic fields. It plays an important role in technologies like cathode ray tubes.
1. The document discusses various topics related to magnetic fields including the magnetic field produced by electric currents, magnetic field lines, the magnetic field of the Earth, and the forces experienced by moving charges and current-carrying conductors in magnetic fields.
2. Key concepts covered include the Biot-Savart law for calculating magnetic fields, the right hand rule for determining magnetic field direction, the motion of charged particles in uniform magnetic fields, and applications such as mass spectrometers and the aurora borealis.
3. Measurement techniques for magnetic fields including using a current balance, search coil, and Hall probe are also summarized.
1) Magnets have north and south poles that attract or repel each other depending on their orientation, similar to electric charges. The magnetic force follows a law analogous to Newton's law of gravity and Coulomb's law for electricity.
2) If a magnet is broken in half, each new piece becomes a smaller magnet with its own north and south poles, rather than separating the original poles.
3) Passing an electric current through a coil of wire or loop creates a magnetic field. The direction and strength of the magnetic field can be determined using the right hand rule.
In wireless communication, we frequently use an electromagnetic wave. In this presentation, we can study wave equation, reflection, plane wave, and transmission line.
Magnetic field and trajectory of movig chargesYashu Chhabra
1) A magnetic field does no work on a moving charged particle, as the magnetic force is always perpendicular to the velocity.
2) As a result, the kinetic energy of a charged particle moving in a magnetic field remains constant, while its direction of motion traces out a circular path.
3) The only effect of a magnetic field on a moving charged particle is to change its direction of motion, not its speed or kinetic energy.
1. Static electricity is a stationary electric charge produced by friction that causes sparks or attraction of dust. The triboelectric effect produces charge when objects rub against each other.
2. Materials are either conductors that allow electron flow or insulators that impede electron flow. Common conductors include metals and aqueous salt solutions, while common insulators include plastics, glass, and dry air.
3. Electrostatic induction modifies charge distribution on one material under the influence of a nearby charged object, allowing for charging by proximity without direct contact.
This document provides information about Earth's magnetism and magnetic fields. It explains that Earth's magnetic field is generated by a dynamo effect in the planet's liquid iron core, similar to how a bicycle dynamo works. It also defines key terms related to magnetism, including uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields, magnetic field lines, magnetic poles, dipoles, permeability, and susceptibility. The document discusses how Earth's magnetic field behaves similarly to a bar magnet and protects the planet, while hot temperatures cause metals to lose their magnetic properties.
This document discusses various topics related to magnetism including:
1. The properties of bar magnets such as having two poles and aligning along the north-south axis.
2. Current loops and solenoids can also act as magnets with a magnetic dipole moment.
3. The magnetic field due to a dipole follows an inverse cube law and the torque on a dipole in a uniform field is proportional to the magnetic moment.
4. Earth has its own magnetic field with a magnetic axis inclined to the geographic axis, and this field exhibits properties like declination and dip.
5. Materials are classified as diamagnetic, paramagnetic or ferromagnetic based on their relative permeability and
1) Ampere's circuital law states that the line integral of the magnetic field B around any closed path is equal to the permeability of free space times the total current passing through the enclosed area.
2) The law can be used to calculate magnetic fields due to various current carrying conductors like long straight wires, solenoids, and toroids.
3) For a long straight wire, the magnetic field at a distance r is given by B=μ0I/2πr. For a solenoid, the magnetic field inside is uniform and given by B=μ0nI, where n is number of turns per unit length. For a toroid, the magnetic field within is also
1) The document discusses magnetic fields, field lines, and the forces experienced by moving charges in magnetic fields.
2) It explains that a magnetic field extends through all space and is represented by magnetic field lines. A magnetic dipole field leaves the North pole and enters the South pole.
3) The magnetic force on a moving charge is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the velocity of the charge, and is given by the equation F=qv×B.
1. Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831 when he found that a changing magnetic field can generate an electric current.
2. According to Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, a changing magnetic flux induces an electromotive force (emf) in a circuit. The magnitude of the induced emf is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the circuit.
3. Lenz's law states that the direction of the induced current is such that it creates its own magnetic field to oppose the original change in magnetic flux that created it.
1. Every magnet has two poles, north and south, and magnetic fields are described by field lines that run from the north to the south pole.
2. A current-carrying wire in a magnetic field experiences a force perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field. Fleming's left hand rule can be used to determine the direction of this force.
3. Charged particles like electrons moving through a magnetic field experience a force perpendicular to their motion, causing them to travel in a circular path. The magnetic field provides the centripetal force.
The document discusses magnetic fields produced by electric currents. It begins by introducing the Biot-Savart law, which describes the magnetic field generated by a straight wire carrying a current. It then examines the magnetic field of a circular current loop, noting that the field depends on the current I, distance R from the loop, and radius a. At large distances R compared to the radius a, the field approximates that of a magnetic dipole with a magnetic dipole moment m proportional to the current I and area A of the loop.
Measurement of physical optics and microwavesSubhasis Shit
This document provides an overview of physical optics and microwaves. It discusses several topics including interference using a Michelson interferometer, diffraction of light and microwaves, photoconductivity, and polarization of light. For interference, it describes types of interference and performing measurements using a Michelson interferometer to determine the wavelength of a laser and refractive index of a glass plate. For diffraction, it discusses Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction and performing experiments to observe diffraction patterns from microwaves and laser light. It also presents the results of experiments measuring photoconductivity and verifying Malus' law of polarization.
This document is a lecture presentation on electromagnetic wave propagation by Mr. Himanshu Diwakar. It includes:
- An outline discussing Maxwell's equations, the Helmholtz equation, propagation constant, properties of electromagnetic waves, and wave propagation in free space.
- A note emphasizing the need to review electrostatics, magnetostatics, and vector identities to fully understand electromagnetic waves.
- Explanations of the Pointing theorem, which states that the time rate of change of electromagnetic energy within a volume plus the net energy flowing out equals the work done on charges within the volume.
- Definitions of the Poynting vector and its relationship to the electric and magnetic
1. Electric currents flowing in wires produce magnetic fields around the wires. The direction of the magnetic field can be determined using the right-hand grip rule.
2. A wire carrying a current experiences a force when placed in a magnetic field. The direction of this force can be determined using Fleming's left-hand rule. Charged particles also experience a force in a magnetic field.
3. Parallel wires with currents in the same direction attract, while parallel wires with currents in opposite directions repel. This is due to the interaction of the magnetic fields produced by each current.
This document provides a summary of key concepts related to magnetic fields in physics. It defines important terms like charge, current, magnetic field lines, and poles. It also lists common variables and formulas used to calculate magnetic force, field strength, and other quantities. Examples are given to demonstrate how to set up and solve typical magnetic field problems using the right hand rule and other problem-solving techniques.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This document provides a summary of basic math concepts for physics including:
1) Algebraic operations for solving equations for variables such as adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing terms.
2) Procedures for calculations with significant figures when adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing quantities.
3) How to write numbers in scientific notation and perform calculations using scientific notation such as multiplication, division, powers, and roots.
This document provides a summary of key concepts in rotational motion and equilibrium for an AP Physics exam. It defines important terms like vector, torque, moment of inertia, and angular momentum. It lists common formulas used to solve rotational motion problems and gives examples of unit conversions. The summary concludes with tips for solving rotational motion problems, like drawing diagrams and using the correct formula that incorporates known and unknown quantities.
This document provides a summary of key concepts in electric circuits for an AP Physics exam. It defines important terms like charge, current, voltage, and resistance. It explains the differences between series and parallel circuits and introduces Kirchhoff's laws. Formulas for voltage, resistance, power, and circuit calculations are presented. Example problems demonstrate applying the concepts and formulas to calculate current, power usage, and the number of light bulbs that can be connected before tripping a circuit breaker.
This document outlines rubrics for evaluating a teacher's lesson plan and reflection. It contains 5 rubrics that assess different aspects of lesson planning and instruction, including the teacher's knowledge of students, learning objectives, instructional strategies, formative assessment, quality of materials, and ability to reflect on lesson effectiveness. Each rubric has 4 levels of performance from limited (Level 1) to extensive (Level 4). The rubrics provide detailed descriptions of the knowledge and skills expected at each level of performance.
The document discusses various topics related to magnetism including:
- The ancient discovery of magnetism in lodestone by the Chinese in 2000 BC who used it for navigation.
- The properties of magnets including having magnetic fields with poles that attract or repel other magnets and magnetic materials.
- Induced magnetism caused by an external magnetic influence.
- Differences between magnetic, non-magnetic, and magnetized materials and how to test for magnetism.
- Electrical and physical methods of magnetization and demagnetization.
- Plotting magnetic field lines using a compass to map field patterns.
1. A proton moves through Earth's magnetic field with a speed of 1.00 x 105 m/s.
2. The magnetic field at this location has a value of 55.0μT.
3. We need to determine the magnetic force on the proton when it moves perpendicular to the magnetic field lines.
Using the formula for magnetic force, F=qvB, where q is the charge on the proton (1.60x10-19 C), v is its speed, and B is the magnetic field:
F= (1.60x10-19 C) x (1.00 x
1. Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831 through experiments showing that a changing magnetic field can induce an electric current in a nearby conductor.
2. Faraday's law of induction states that the induced electromotive force (emf) in a conductor is equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the conductor.
3. This discovery established the basis for technologies such as electric generators, transformers, electric motors, and inductors which are crucial components of modern electric power systems and electronics.
The document provides an overview of magnetic fields and magnetism. It begins by explaining that magnetic domains within ferromagnetic materials like iron, cobalt, and nickel are responsible for magnetism. It then discusses key concepts like the nature of magnetic poles, field lines, and the relationship between electricity and magnetism. The document also examines how moving charges and electric currents can experience forces in magnetic fields using the right hand rule. Examples are provided to demonstrate how magnetic fields can cause charged particles to move in circular paths.
This document provides an overview of Maxwell's equations in free space and various coordinate systems. It discusses:
1) Maxwell's equations in differential and integral forms, including Gauss' law, Gauss' law for magnetism, Faraday's law, and Ampere's law.
2) The relationships between the differential and integral forms using theorems like the divergence theorem and Stokes' theorem.
3) How Maxwell's equations coupled the electric and magnetic fields and led to the prediction of electromagnetic waves traveling at the speed of light.
4) The equations of electrostatics, magnetostatics, electroquasistatics and magnetoquasistatics which describe situations where fields vary slowly or are time-
Magnetostatic fields are produced when charges are moving with constant velocity, such as in a current-carrying wire. Biot-Savart's law states that the magnetic field produced by a current element is proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the distance from the element. Ampere's law, the integral form of which relates the line integral of magnetic field around a closed path to the current through the enclosed surface, can be used to determine the magnetic field produced by symmetric current distributions.
This document provides an overview of magnetic circuits and core losses. It discusses different laws for calculating magnetic fields, including Biot-Savart law and Ampere's circuital law. It explains the concepts of reluctance, permeance, and B-H characteristics of magnetic materials. It also covers the analysis of series and series-parallel magnetic circuits, including important equations. Worked examples are provided to demonstrate solving problems involving linear and non-linear magnetic circuits.
24 pius augustine em induction & acPiusAugustine
1. The document discusses the principles of electromagnetic induction, including Faraday's law and Lenz's law. It provides explanations and examples of motional EMF, factors affecting induced EMF, and applications of electromagnetic induction such as generators and eddy currents.
2. Key experiments are described, such as Michael Faraday's coil-magnet experiment which demonstrated that a changing magnetic field can induce an electric current in a loop of wire.
3. Applications of electromagnetic induction discussed include generators, transformers, eddy current brakes, induction furnaces, and traffic light triggers.
1) There are 4 pillars that form the foundation of Electricity & Magnetism: Gauss' Law for Electricity, Gauss' Law for Magnetism, Faraday's Law of Induction, and Ampere's Law.
2) Gauss' Law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the electric charge enclosed by the surface. The electric field coming through a certain area is proportional to the charge enclosed.
3) Maxwell's Equations unified electricity, magnetism, and light as manifestations of the electromagnetic field.
This document numerically analyzes the wave function of atoms under the combined effects of an optical lattice trapping potential and a harmonic oscillator potential, as used in Bose-Einstein condensation experiments. It employs the Crank-Nicolson scheme to solve the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The results show that the wave function distribution responds to parameters like the trapping frequencies ratio, optical lattice intensity, chemical potential, and energy. Careful adjustment of the time step and grid spacing is needed to satisfy conservation of norms and energy as required by the physical system. Distributions of the overlapping potentials for different q-factors are presented.
This document discusses electromagnetism and several related concepts from physics. It defines electromagnetism as the study of the relationship between electric currents and magnetism. It explains that a current-carrying conductor produces a magnetic field and describes the right hand rule for determining the direction of magnetic fields. It also discusses magnetic fields produced by current-carrying loops and solenoids, as well as the concepts of magnetic flux and electromagnetic induction.
This document provides preparatory notes and examples for an exam on electromagnetic theory. It covers key concepts like the Lorentz force equation, Biot-Savart law, Ampere's circuital law, Gauss's law for magnetism, and magnetic boundary conditions. Examples calculate the magnetic field and force on charges in various configurations like an infinite line current, parallel wires, and a ring of current. The document is a useful study guide summarizing the essential electromagnetic concepts and formulas tested on the exam.
This document discusses the relationship between electricity and magnetism through the lens of relativity. It begins by explaining how early discoveries in magnetism led to modern insights unifying electric and magnetic forces through relativity. It then provides Einstein's perspective on how the electromotive force acting on a moving body in a magnetic field is really an electric field. The document goes on to derive the magnetic Lorentz force experienced by a moving charge near a current-carrying wire using relativistic transformations and Lorentz contraction. It concludes by analyzing the complex equations of motion governing particles in a Wien mass filter, which uses electric and magnetic fields to select specific ions.
1) The document discusses Faraday's law, Coulomb's law, and Gauss's law relating to electric and magnetic fields. It provides explanations and examples of these physical laws.
2) Faraday's law states that a changing magnetic field can induce an electromotive force (emf). The document gives an example problem calculating the current induced in a coil.
3) Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion between electric charges. The document discusses electric charge and how charges move in conductors versus insulators.
4) Gauss's law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the electric charge enclosed by the surface. The document gives examples of applying Gauss's law to different gaussian surfaces
This document provides a summary of concepts across various topics in physics including mechanics, waves, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and optics. It is organized into sections labeled with topics such as Newton's Laws of Motion, Work Power and Energy, Gravitation, etc. Each section contains brief explanations of key concepts and formulas. The document appears to be part of online crash course materials to prepare students for engineering entrance exams.
Radar 2009 a 2 review of electromagnetism3Forward2025
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association for electronic engineering and electrical engineering. Founded in 1963, IEEE has over 420,000 members in over 160 countries and publishes over 200 transactions, journals and magazines. IEEE sets standards for electric power, telecommunications, computer engineering, medical technology, biotechnology, and aerospace among other fields.
Magnetostatic fields originate from steady currents like direct currents in wires. Most equations for electric fields can also describe magnetic fields by substituting analogous quantities. According to Biot-Savart's law, the magnetic field produced by a current element is proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the distance squared. Ampere's circuital law relates the line integral of magnetic field around a closed loop to the current passing through the enclosed surface. Forces can act on moving charges and on current-carrying wires placed in magnetic fields.
This document provides an introduction to electromagnetic theory, beginning with Maxwell's equations. It covers electrostatics, including Gauss' law and the Poisson equation. Magnetostatics, including Ampere's and Biot-Savart laws, are also discussed. The static scalar and vector potentials are introduced. Non-static fields, including electromagnetic waves and their propagation in conductors like RF cavities and waveguides, are then covered. Examples of allowed field patterns and modes in RF structures are shown.
This document provides guidance on using Ampere's Law to calculate magnetic fields for symmetric current configurations. It begins with objectives and background on Ampere's Law. Guide cards describe Ampere's Law formula, that the magnetic field around a closed loop equals the current intercepted by the enclosed area. Activity and assessment cards provide example problems and solutions for finding magnetic fields using Ampere's Law for configurations like long straight wires and solenoids. Enrichment information discusses magnetic fields of toroids.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in electric circuits, including:
1) Ohm's law describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit. Common circuit components like resistors, batteries, and light bulbs are introduced.
2) Circuits can be connected in series or parallel configurations, each with different characteristics in terms of current and voltage.
3) Key electric concepts like power, internal resistance, and Kirchhoff's laws are defined to analyze more complex circuit problems. Safety devices like fuses and circuit breakers are also introduced.
This document provides information about conductors, capacitors, and dielectrics. It defines conductors as materials where electrons can flow freely, insulators as materials where electrons are tightly bound and do not flow easily, and semiconductors as materials between conductors and insulators. Capacitors are used to store electrical energy and consist of two conductive plates separated by an insulator. The amount of charge a capacitor can store depends on its capacitance and the voltage applied. Dielectrics are insulator materials placed between capacitor plates that increase capacitance by polarizing their molecules.
This document provides an overview of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, displacement current, and complex permittivity and permeability. It begins by stating the objectives and providing background on fundamental laws of electrostatics and magnetostatics. It then discusses Faraday's law, explaining that a changing magnetic field induces an electric field. It also covers Lenz's law and how Faraday's law applies to situations where magnetic and electric fields are functions of time. The document further explains displacement current, which allows electromagnetic waves to propagate in non-conducting media. It provides an example of displacement current in a capacitor with an alternating voltage applied.
This document provides an overview and schedule for an Introduction to Microelectronic Circuits course. It discusses that the course involves three hours of lecture, one hour of discussion, and three hours of lab work each week. Important dates covered include midterm exams on February 21st and April 11th and a final exam on May 14th. The grading policy is also outlined, with weights given to homework, labs, midterms and the final exam.
This document provides additional practice problems for balancing oxidation-reduction reactions in acidic and basic solutions. The problems cover reactions involving silver, zinc, chromium, phosphorus, manganese, chlorine, iron, hydrogen peroxide, and copper species. Balanced equations are provided as answers for each reaction.
This document summarizes important oxidizers and reducers formed in redox reactions under different conditions. It lists common oxidizing agents like MnO4-, Cr2O7-2, and HNO3 that form reduced products like Mn(II), Cr(III), and NO in acid solutions. It also lists common reducers like halide ions, metals, and sulfite ions that form oxidized products like halogens, metal ions, and SO4-2. The document concludes that redox reactions involve electron transfer between oxidizing and reducing agents, and that acidic or basic conditions often indicate a redox reaction will occur.
The document discusses naming acids. It divides acids into binary and oxyacids. Binary acids contain two elements, while oxyacids contain three elements including oxygen. Oxyacids are named based on their "-ate" ion, with variations indicating one more, one less, or two less oxygen atoms than the reference "-ic" acid. Common "-ate" ions include sulfate, nitrate, chlorate, and phosphate.
Acids have a sour taste, are electrolytes, turn indicators red, and have a pH less than 7. They donate protons and can neutralize bases to form salts and water. Bases have a bitter taste, are electrolytes, turn indicators blue or yellow, and have a pH greater than 7. They accept protons and can neutralize acids to form salts and water. Common acids include nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid. Common bases include lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide.
- Researchers studied the genetics of fur color in rock pocket mouse populations, investigating how coat color relates to survival in different environments.
- Two varieties of mice occur - light-colored and dark-colored - that correspond to the two major substrate colors in their desert habitat. The dark volcanic substrates are patches separated by kilometers of light-colored sand and granite.
- Data was collected on 225 mice across 35km of desert, recording substrate color and coat color frequencies. Calculations using Hardy-Weinberg equations estimated genotype frequencies within the populations.
Natural selection and genetic mutations have led to the evolution of different coat colors in rock pocket mouse populations. Mice with dark coats are commonly found on dark basalt rocks, while light-colored mice typically live on light sand and granite rocks. Scientists discovered the mice living on basalt carried a mutation in the Mc1r gene, which controls melanin production and results in dark fur that provides camouflage from predators. Multiple rock pocket mouse populations across different lava flows also exhibited Mc1r mutations leading to dark coats, revealing this gene commonly evolves through natural selection to aid survival.
This document provides the syllabus for the STEM 352: STEM 2 course offered at Teachers College of San Joaquin. The syllabus outlines the dates, times, instructor contact information, course description, learning outcomes, assignments, grading policy, schedule, and expectations for the course. The course focuses on examining STEM curriculum, active learning strategies, and student assessment. Students will learn STEM education pedagogy and make connections between STEM education and Common Core and NGSS standards. The syllabus provides the framework and requirements for students to develop skills in STEM curriculum design and instruction.
S.s. midterm capstone cover sheet spring 2017Timothy Welsh
This document provides an overview of the mid-term capstone project for the Teaching for Learning 2 cohort in spring 2017. Students will plan, teach, record, assess and reflect on a lesson that incorporates content-area literacy. The lesson should be aligned to both content standards and English Language Development standards. Students must obtain consent forms from all students and adults appearing in their video recording before filming their lesson. Consent forms can either be collected individually or the school may have blanket forms on file.
This document provides the syllabus for an education course focused on teaching science. The course will take place over 10 sessions from January to May, with specific dates and times listed. It will be taught by instructor Tim Welsh at the CTECH building.
The course aims to help emerging teachers design content-specific science lessons that engage all learners. Students will develop lessons aligned to state standards and learn to incorporate assessments to inform instruction. Assignments include observing a science lesson, creating 10 lesson plans, a lab report, and an integrated lesson plan addressing common core standards. Students are expected to actively participate in class discussions and complete all readings and assignments. Grades are based on a 200-point scale, with criteria provided for letter
This document provides an introduction to academically productive talk in science classrooms. It discusses the key elements of productive talk, including establishing ground rules, having clear academic purposes for discussions, and using strategic "talk moves" to facilitate discussions. Productive talk is important because it allows teachers to assess student understanding, supports learning through memory and language development, encourages students to reason with evidence, and apprentices students into the social practices of science.
This document is a tutorial on atoms and molecules from the Rapid Learning Center. It begins by defining key terms like atom, element, isotope, ion, and molecule. It then delves into the subatomic particles that make up atoms, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. It explains how atoms can form ions by gaining or losing electrons and how isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. The tutorial also covers molecular formulas and how elements combine to form compounds with new properties. It provides examples and diagrams to illustrate these important foundational chemistry concepts.
This document contains the syllabus for the STEM 352: STEM 2 course offered at Teachers College of San Joaquin. The syllabus outlines the dates, instructor contact information, course description, learning outcomes, assignments, grading policy, schedule, and policies for the course. The course focuses on examining STEM curriculum and pedagogy through labs, a field trip, and a culminating individual course project applying design thinking to develop a STEM experience aligned with academic standards.
This document provides an overview of geology topics including plate tectonics, evidence for continental drift, layers of the earth, types of plate boundaries, volcanoes, earthquakes, rocks, minerals, and earth system history. It covers key concepts such as P and S waves, convection currents, types of lava and crystals, and the geological time scale divided into eons, eras, and periods. The multi-page document acts as a study guide for students, with definitions and diagrams related to the structure and dynamics of the Earth.
This document appears to be a table for an AP Physics experiment recording trial numbers, angle measurements, distances, masses, and elevations for 10 trials. The document also has a section to record observations from the experiment.
The document describes an experiment investigating circadian rhythms in mice. Researchers recorded mouse activity levels under light-dark cycles and in complete darkness. They found that:
1) Under light-dark cycles, mice were active during the dark phase and inactive during the light phase, indicating entrainment to the external cycle.
2) In complete darkness, the mice's activity pattern shifted slightly each day, showing that their endogenous circadian rhythm was slightly less than 24 hours.
3) This supported the claim that the genetically controlled circadian rhythm is not exactly 24 hours and can be overridden by light cues.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.