Many artificial electromagnetic devices are available which can be used to secure your document in a best way with integrated high efficient controlling technology.

1. Introduction
• In latest technological advancement of 21st Century, human beings are more concerned with
security, convenience and comfort.
• As technology rapidly changes, so has crime. Hence, better innovations need to be
developed to counter the new crime tactics. Also, with people leading a busy lifestyle, there
is a necessity of protection of your home security against theft.
• The goal of the project is to design and implement a smart home system for defence system
by using an application of electromechanical structure which detect the intrusion and
indicate by ringing alarm.
• In addition to make a more secure system, wireless communication is used through zigbee
device which will perform auto lock task. The aim of this system is to improving safety,
security and provide more efficient utilization of technology.

2. How human body radiates Infrared ways ?
• Every hotter body emits radiation and if the body is more hotter it
emits more radiation which is called Thermal Radiation .
• Thermal radiation is all the electromagnetic waves given by an
object because of it’s body temperature include infrared waves.
(Fig 3.1)
• At high temperature body emits radiation which are of shorter
wavelength and high frequency which can be detected by the
human eyes.
• At low temperature body emits radiation which are of higher
wavelength and low frequency which cannot be detected by
human eyes because this frequency is in the range of infrared
waves and these have lower frequency than visible light.
• Infrared radiation is only detected by the infrared camera (Fig 3.2)
Fig 3.1 Infrared Waves
Fig 3.2 Infrared Camera

3. Passive Infrared Sensor
It has pyroelectric crystal (Fig 4.1) which will
detects the heat radiation from the object and
provide analog to digital converted output with
inbuilt BISS0001 IC
Operating voltage: DC 5-20 Volts (10mA)
Power loss: ≤50µA
Detecting range: ≤110˚ cone angle
Output type: High/Low Level
Noise: <70mV
Sensitivity: 3300 V/W
Fig 4.1 Pyroelectric crystal

4. Arduino Microcontroller
Fig 5.1 arduino board
Microcontroller: Atmega 328 (Fig 5.1)
Operating Voltage: 5V
Input Voltage limit: 6-20 V
DC current for I/O pins: 40mA
DC current for 3.3 V pins: 50mA
Clock: 16 MHz
SRAM: 2KB
EEPROM: 1 KB
Digital Pins: 14
Analog Pins: 6
Baudrate: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14420, 19200,
28800, 38400, 57600, 115200 bauds
Bitrate: 8 bits/baud
Pulse Width Modulation technique – 980Hz
Operating temperature: -40 to 85 ˚C
Line coding Technique: Differential Manchester
Decoding Technique: Syndrome Decoding Technique
BER capability: 0.5%
Sensitivity: 4.9 mV/unit

5. Xigbee Module
Fig 6.1 S2C Xbee Module
Zigbee: Xbee S2C module (Fig 6.1)
Operating Voltage: 2.1-3.6 V
Operating current: 33mA (Transmit) & 28mA(Receive)
Transmit Power Output: 3.1 mW
Range: 1200m
Data Rate: 250000 bps
Operating Frequency: 2.4-2.5 GHz
Operating Temperature: -40 to 85 ˚C
Baud Rate: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 bauds
Parity bits: Even/odd
Stop bit: 1or 2 bits
Bandwidth: 2.5443 MHz
Sensitivity: 100 dBm
IEEE standard: 802.15 (915/2450 MHz, IPv6)
Digital Modulation Technique: Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
(QPSK)
Carrier Frequency: 5.2GHz

6. Block Diagram
PIR Sensor
ZIGBEE
TRANSMITTER
ARDUINO
MICRO
CONTROLLER
ZIGBEE RECEIVER LED

7. Circuit Diagram

8. X-CTU serial Monitor

9. Working
• The PIR sensor will detect the heat difference produced from the
object in the form of infrared sensor and according to the detection, it
will give digital output level “0” or “1”.
• As the sensor will give digital HIGH output which will be transmitted
to the arduino microcontroller.
• According to the programming the arduino will send bit to the zigbee
transmitter and it will transmit the bit to receiver which will be shown
on serial monitor of X-CTU software of LED.

10. Output

11. Application
• Security intruder alarm
• Lift Lobby
• For basement or covered parking area
• Garden lights
• Common staircase
• Automatic Door
• Automatic Ticket Gate

12. Summary
While preparing eletromechanical system, we need to concentrate on
PIR sensor’s delay and sensitivity knob, Then after we started working
on code of arduino. After completion of arduino code successfully we
started working on zigbee configuration and interface it with arduino
and observe the output on serial monitor on X-CTU software.

13. Reference
• https://www.digi.com/resources/documentation/digidocs/pdfs/9000200
2.pdf
• https://learn.adafruit.com/pir-passive-infrared-proximity-motion-
sensor/how-pirs-work
• https://www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=382
• https://www.digi.com/resources/documentation/digidocs/90001537/ref
erences/r_setting_serial_adapter_baud_rate.htm
• http://www.hko.gov.hk/education/edu02rga/radiation/radiation_02-
e.htm
• https://www.slideshare.net/hamzasajjad9081/how-our-body-emit-
radiation