This document describes a student's school science project on electromagnetic induction. The student thanks their teacher and lab assistant for their guidance and help completing the project. The project involved using batteries to create a magnetic field by running a current through a coil of wire wrapped around a nail. Running higher voltages like 12V or voltages in series created stronger magnetic fields that could attract more paperclips. The experiment demonstrated Faraday's law of induction and how electric currents produce magnetic fields.

1. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
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2. This is to certify that Name of Student of 12th
science
has
completed
“ELECTROMAGENTIC
his
project
INDUCTION”
entitled
during
on
the
academic year 2013-2014 for his partial fulfillment
of his academic course.
To the best of my knowledge, the subject matter
present in the project is original and bonafide in
nature.
Date: Project Guide: - Teacher’s Name
Place: - School Name
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3. First and foremost I would like to thanks my
teacher Teacher’s Name for his constant guidance
and support.
I would also like to extend my sincere gratitude to
Mr. B.R.Solanki (Lab Attender) who has helped me
in the successful completion of my project entitled
“ELECTROMAGENTIC INDUCTION”.
Signature:Name of Student
12th A (Science)
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4. Electromagnetic
induction is
the
production
of
a potential
difference (voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed to a
varying magnetic field. Faraday's law of induction is a basic law
of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic field will interact
with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force (EMF). It
is the fundamental operating principle of transformers, inductors,
and many types of electrical motors, generators and solenoids.
Electricity is carried by current, or the flow of electrons. One
useful characteristic of current is that it creates its own magnetic
field. This is useful in many types of motors and appliances.
FARADAY’S LAW: - The induced electromotive force in any closed
circuit is equal to the negative of the time rate of change of
the magnetic flux through the circuit.
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5. The principles of electromagnetic induction
applied in many devices and systems, including:
are
Current clamp
Electrical generators
Electromagnetic forming
Graphics tablet
Hall effect meters
Induction cookers
Induction motors
Induction sealing
Induction welding
Inductive charging
Inductors
Magnetic flow meters
Mechanically powered flashlight
Pickups
Rowland ring
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transformers
Wireless energy transfer
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6. AIM
Observe how current can create a magnetic field.
MATERIALS
Thin copper wire
Long metal nail
12-V lantern battery
9-V battery
Wire cutters
Toggle switch
Electrical tape
Paper clips
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
P
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7. PROCEDURE
1.Cut a long length of wire and attached
one end to the positive output of the
toggle switch.
2.Twist the wire at least 50 times around
the nail to create a solenoid.
3.Once the wire has covered the nail, tape
the wire to the negative terminal of the
12V battery.
4.Cut a short piece of wire to connect the
positive terminal of the battery to the
negative terminal of the toggle switch.
5.Turn on the switch.
6.Bring paper clips close to the nail. What
happens? How many paper clips can you
pick up?
7.Repeat the experiment with the 9V
battery.
8. Repeat the experiment with the 9V and
12V batteries arranged in series.
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8. RESULTS
The current running through the circuit will cause the nail to be magnetic and
attract paper clips. The 12V battery will create a stronger magnet than the
9V battery. The series circuit will create a stronger magnet than the
individual batteries did.
Why?
Electric currents always produce their own magnetic fields. This phenomenon is
represented by the right-hand-rule:
If you make the “Thumbs-Up” sign with your hand like this:
The current will flow in the direction the thumb is pointing, and the magnetic
field direction will be described by the direction of the fingers. This means
when you change the direction of the current, you also change the direction of
the magnetic field. Current flows (which means electrons flow) from the
negative end of a battery through the wire to the positive end of the battery,
which can help you determine what the direction of the magnetic field will be.
When the toggle switch is turned on, the current will flow from the negative
terminal of the battery around the circuit to the positive terminal. When the
current passes through the nail it induces, or creates, a magnetic field. The
12V battery produces a larger voltage; therefore, produces a higher current
for a circuit of the same resistance. Larger currents will induce larger (and
stronger!) magnetic fields, so the nail will attract more paperclips when using a
larger voltage.
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9. Comprehensive Physics Laboratory Manual Class XII
http://www.google.com.in/
http://www.answers.yahoo.com/
http://www.wikipedia.org/
http://www.icbse.com/
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