Electrical loads vary based on whether they serve residential, commercial, or industrial needs. Residential loads peak in the evening and have a lower overall load factor, while commercial loads are highest between 8am and 6pm. Industrial loads tend to run more continuously with a higher load factor. The combination of residential and commercial loads on different circuits can result in an overall lower peak load than summing the individual peaks. Load patterns also vary by season and between weekdays and weekends. Residential use depends on location and activities, with air conditioning driving higher summer use. Commercial loads are higher on weekdays during business hours and increase in summer for air conditioning. Industrial patterns depend on work schedules and are more consistent than other sectors.

1. Electrical Power
Distribution
EE 543
Electric load patterns for
(residential/commercial /industrial) usage
Name : Muhammad fawaz abdulhadi
ID : 11102667
Supervision by : Dr. Ahmad anas
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2. 1 GENERALLY
Residential loads peak more in the evening and have a relatively low load factor.
Commercial loads tend to be more 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., and the industrial loads tend to
run continuously and, as a class, they have a higher load factor.
If some feeders are mainly residential and others are commercial, the peak load of
the feeders together can be significantly lower than the sum of the peaks.
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3. Differences depends on seasons and days
The graph below shows the total California load profile for a hot day in 1999
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4. As we can see the industrial load proximately constant during day hours by working shifts group
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5. Residential usage :
There isn’t fixed load pattern for all residential usage it’s different from place to
other depends on many factories such as location,weather, type of human works
and others
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6. For generally load curve of residential during 4 season shown below
The graph below shows a typical demand profile of an individual household monitored every
two 2 minutes.
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7. How we use energy in our home ?
Commercial usage:
Daily variations
For most facilities, flat load profiles are the exception, as energy use varies by the
hour and by the day of the week. The following load profile represents the
electrical use of a commercial facility during two summer days—Friday and
Sunday. The curve shows the impact of the additional load during a workday
compared to the weekend; the result of the use of computers and other office
equipment, lighting, and increased air conditioning load.
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8. Seasonal variations
Increased demand for summer air conditioning has a significant impact on load
profiles for most facilities. The following charts represent commercial and
industrial load profiles for three different Fridays in January, April, and July. The
commercial profile shows a strong upward curve during the summer months.
Office buildings, restaurants, retail stores, and other commercial facilities depend
heavily on summer cooling loads. The industrial load profile does not vary as
much through the year, in part because air conditioning is a smaller percentage of
the facility's overall energy use.
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9. Industrial load patterns:
Industrial Load curve depends on work and break times, Weekends holiday and
Shifted group or single
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10. As previous
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11. References :
Electric Power Distribution System Engineering TuranGonen 2008
http://electrical-engineering-portal.com
http://www.mpoweruk.com
http://members.questline.com
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