Greenhouses allow growers to control the environment and grow crops year-round. Key factors that can be controlled include temperature, light, water, nutrients, and air. Heaters, lighting, and ventilation systems regulate these factors. Propagators and heated mats are used to start seeds and cuttings in warmer conditions than outside. Irrigation methods like misting, capillary matting, and seep hoses provide continuous water without over-watering plants.