ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Earthquake resistant mortars
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Earthquake response of historic structures
2005 enriqueta arias et al soil health a new challenge for microbiologist and...Germán Tortosa
The document discusses soil health and its assessment. Soil health refers to the biological, chemical, and physical features essential for sustainable agriculture with minimal environmental impact. It cannot be directly measured but can be inferred by measuring specific properties like organic matter content and observing soil status. There is interest in studying soil microorganisms and their relationship to soil structure and function. Determining soil health indicators that can evaluate current status helps develop sustainable agriculture systems. Modern techniques now enable rapid measurement of soil microbial communities and analysis of microbial diversity and activity.
A systematic approach towards restoration of heritage buildings a case studyeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Functionality of iron minerals in environmental processes fiminBernard Avril
This document summarizes a research networking programme called FIMIN that aims to improve understanding of the functionality of iron minerals in environmental processes. It discusses four main research themes: 1) the role of iron oxide surfaces in biogeochemistry, 2) iron as a key redox species in microbial processes, 3) the environmental biogeochemistry of iron, and 4) techniques to identify processes related to the biogeochemistry of iron. The overall goal of FIMIN is to take a multidisciplinary approach to address major open questions about the role of iron cycling in natural systems and its relevance to areas like contaminant remediation and carbon storage.
This document provides information on an Engineering Geology course, including the course title, code, credit hours, instructors, and outline. The course aims to increase students' knowledge of engineering applications of geology. Key learning outcomes include understanding the impacts of geological processes and features on engineering foundations and preparing engineering geological maps for civil engineering projects. The course outline covers topics such as soils, subsurface water, hazardous earth processes, dams, tunnels, and shallow foundations. Assessment includes quizzes, assignments, tests, and a final exam.
This document summarizes a kick-off workshop for the DredgDikes project held on January 13-14, 2011 at the University of Rostock. The project involves testing the use of dredged materials for dike construction between partners in Germany and Poland. Key planned activities in 2011 include project management, meetings, technical and financial reporting, and initial field and laboratory testing of dredged material samples.
Engineering geology is a branch of applied geology that deals with the application of geological knowledge and principles to civil engineering projects. It provides essential information for safe, stable, and economical design and construction of structures like buildings, dams, roads, and tunnels. Engineering geological studies are conducted during planning, design, construction, and post-construction phases of projects. The studies help understand site conditions, availability of construction materials, and how to mitigate geological hazards. Knowledge of geology is crucial for heavy construction projects and excavation works to plan realistically and design sound foundations.
Engineering geology involves the application of geology to construction projects. It is concerned with the rock and soil conditions of construction sites. Engineering geology provides information vital for planning, designing, and building structures like dams, bridges, and buildings. It examines the geology, geomorphology, and material properties of construction sites to understand subsurface conditions, availability of construction materials, and geologic hazards that could impact structures. Subdisciplines of engineering geology include physical geology, geomorphology, mineralogy, petrology, and economic geology. It aids in site selection, foundation design, and town planning by considering the geologic factors that influence construction and development.
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Earthquake response of historic structures
2005 enriqueta arias et al soil health a new challenge for microbiologist and...Germán Tortosa
The document discusses soil health and its assessment. Soil health refers to the biological, chemical, and physical features essential for sustainable agriculture with minimal environmental impact. It cannot be directly measured but can be inferred by measuring specific properties like organic matter content and observing soil status. There is interest in studying soil microorganisms and their relationship to soil structure and function. Determining soil health indicators that can evaluate current status helps develop sustainable agriculture systems. Modern techniques now enable rapid measurement of soil microbial communities and analysis of microbial diversity and activity.
A systematic approach towards restoration of heritage buildings a case studyeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Functionality of iron minerals in environmental processes fiminBernard Avril
This document summarizes a research networking programme called FIMIN that aims to improve understanding of the functionality of iron minerals in environmental processes. It discusses four main research themes: 1) the role of iron oxide surfaces in biogeochemistry, 2) iron as a key redox species in microbial processes, 3) the environmental biogeochemistry of iron, and 4) techniques to identify processes related to the biogeochemistry of iron. The overall goal of FIMIN is to take a multidisciplinary approach to address major open questions about the role of iron cycling in natural systems and its relevance to areas like contaminant remediation and carbon storage.
This document provides information on an Engineering Geology course, including the course title, code, credit hours, instructors, and outline. The course aims to increase students' knowledge of engineering applications of geology. Key learning outcomes include understanding the impacts of geological processes and features on engineering foundations and preparing engineering geological maps for civil engineering projects. The course outline covers topics such as soils, subsurface water, hazardous earth processes, dams, tunnels, and shallow foundations. Assessment includes quizzes, assignments, tests, and a final exam.
This document summarizes a kick-off workshop for the DredgDikes project held on January 13-14, 2011 at the University of Rostock. The project involves testing the use of dredged materials for dike construction between partners in Germany and Poland. Key planned activities in 2011 include project management, meetings, technical and financial reporting, and initial field and laboratory testing of dredged material samples.
Engineering geology is a branch of applied geology that deals with the application of geological knowledge and principles to civil engineering projects. It provides essential information for safe, stable, and economical design and construction of structures like buildings, dams, roads, and tunnels. Engineering geological studies are conducted during planning, design, construction, and post-construction phases of projects. The studies help understand site conditions, availability of construction materials, and how to mitigate geological hazards. Knowledge of geology is crucial for heavy construction projects and excavation works to plan realistically and design sound foundations.
Engineering geology involves the application of geology to construction projects. It is concerned with the rock and soil conditions of construction sites. Engineering geology provides information vital for planning, designing, and building structures like dams, bridges, and buildings. It examines the geology, geomorphology, and material properties of construction sites to understand subsurface conditions, availability of construction materials, and geologic hazards that could impact structures. Subdisciplines of engineering geology include physical geology, geomorphology, mineralogy, petrology, and economic geology. It aids in site selection, foundation design, and town planning by considering the geologic factors that influence construction and development.
Elaich module 5 topic 5.1 - To Monitor or not to Monitor, that is the question!elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
To Monitor or not to Monitor, that is the question!
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
How to monitor cultural heritage after the conservation treatments
Elaich module 2 topic 2.5 - Historic building materialselaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Historic building materials: Stones, ceramics, mortars
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Historic materials of architectural surfaces: Mosaics
The Kern County Farm Bureau has selected three recipients for the Michael R. Mettler Memorial Scholarship: Cameron Ford, Mallory Harrison, and Micaela Palmer. The scholarship provides $500 per year for up to four years to students pursuing agriculture-related degrees. Ford and Harrison are currently students at California State University, Fresno studying agriculture education, while Palmer will begin her studies there in the fall after graduating from Frontier High School. The scholarships will be awarded at the Kern Agriculture Scholarship Awards Banquet on May 11.
Devin Taggart is seeking a position in videography and video editing with a mass communications background. He has a Bachelor's degree in Mass Communications from Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania with relevant experience filming and editing videos through college organizations. Taggart has skills in Adobe and Final Cut video editing software and experience operating cameras for live events and television.
La reciclaje es el proceso mediante el cual los productos de desecho son nuevamente utilizados en lugar de desecharlos, lo que permite utilizar menos materia prima, agua y energía al reutilizar objetos que todavía son útiles en lugar de desecharlos.
Marc Anthony y Romeo Santos darán un concierto juntos en el Estadio Nacional de Perú el 7 de diciembre. Las entradas ya están a la venta con diferentes precios. El Niño es un fenómeno meteorológico que ocurre cada 2-7 años y calienta las aguas del Pacífico. Cuando es intenso, causa lluvias en Sudamérica y sequías en el sur de Asia y Australia, además de afectar la temporada de huracanes en el Atlántico.
The phoenix and dragon are revered mythical creatures in Chinese culture though they do not exist in reality. For generations, the phoenix has been feared and worshipped due to its representation as a sunbird, symbolizing admiration and mystery. The belief in the phoenix originated from the belief in the sunbird. Both the phoenix and chicken symbolize the sunbird, which seems contradictory but is explained by their representation of sacred and profane concepts in primitive religion according to sociologist Emile Durkheim's theory of totemism.
Highly motivated young professional seeking opportunities in politics, international relations, and national security in Washington D.C. He has experience interning in congressional offices and working on political campaigns, and currently serves as a Second Lieutenant in the Illinois Army National Guard. He has intermediate proficiency in Chinese and elementary proficiency in Korean, as well as skills in research, communication, leadership, and teamwork from his military and political experiences.
El documento habla sobre la celebración del periodista y presentador Ismael Cala al alcanzar un millón de seguidores en Twitter. Cala es el presentador estelar del programa de entrevistas "Cala" en CNN en Español. El documento también resume partes de una entrevista con Cala donde habla sobre su primer libro, "El poder de escuchar", y sobre el significado de ser un comunicador.
Trong quản trị sản xuất doanh nghiệp hiện nay, phân xưởng và tổ sản xuất là đơn vị trực tiếp tạo ra hàng hoá sản phẩm và dịch vụ, là nơi người lao động đóng góp sức lực và trí tuệ của họ cho Doanh nghiệp, là nơi sử dụng trực tiếp các yếu tố sản xuất như máy móc, nguyên nhiên vật liệu và sức lao động.
* Tổ trưởng sản xuất chuyên nghiệp
Tổ trưởng sản xuất là người chịu trách nhiệm quản lý phân xưởng và tổ sản xuất. Do đó họ cũng được xem là chìa khoá quan trọng đảm bảo thành công của Doanh nghiệp. Vậy người Tổ trưởng sản xuất cần và có những kiến thức cũng như kỹ năng gì để đảm bảo tốt cho công việc của mình? Khóa đào tạo “Tổ trưởng sản xuất chuyên nghiệp – Professional Production Teamleader” sẽ hỗ trợ bạn vấn đề trên.
* Cán bộ Quản trị sản xuất của các Doanh nghiệp hiện nay đang quản lý sản xuất với một trình độ chuyên môn tốt nhưng đa số lại thiếu và yếu về kỹ năng quản lý. Trong khi đó, với nền kinh tế thị trường hiện này thì các kỹ năng quản lý lại đóng vai trò vô cùng quan trọng trong sự thành công hay thất bại của Doanh nghiệp.
Với thực tế đó, Trường Đào Tạo Kỹ Năng Quản Lý SAM đã nghiên cứu khoá học “KỸ NĂNG GIÁM SÁT & QUẢN LÝ SẢN XUẤT” nhằm giúp Học viên đánh giá đúng tầm quan trọng của công tác giám sát, quản lý sản xuất, nâng cao kỹ năng giám sát và quản lý qua việc sử dụng được các công cụ, phương pháp phù hợp. Học viên cũng sẽ có khả năng để đề xuất các giải pháp cải tiến, ứng dụng vào thực tế quản lý từ các phương pháp, công cụ quản lý được chuyển giao qua khóa học nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả sản xuất.
* QUẢN TRỊ BẢO TRÌ – BẢO DƯỠNG THIẾT BỊ XƯỞNG SẢN XUẤT
Công tác bảo trì bảo dưỡng thiết bị tại xưởng sản xuất đóng vai trò vô cùng quan trọng đối với quá trình hoạt động liên tục của nhà máy.
Một kế hoạch bảo dưỡng có hiệu quả nhất thường dựa trên kinh nghiệm, nhân lực, thiết bị và qui trình bảo dưỡng sẵn có. Để hạn chế thời gian ngưng hoạt động nhà máy, phải thực hiện tất cả các công việc như kiểm tra, chuẩn bị bảo dưỡng có thể thực hiện khi nhà máy đang hoạt động. Thời tiết cũng là một thông số ảnh hưởng đến kế hoạch bảo dưỡng. Điều đó đòi hỏi những cán bộ, nhân viên chịu trách nhiệm lên kế hoạch bảo trì, bảo dưỡng cần có những phương pháp hiệu quả trong việc sử dụng các thiết bị, nhân lực, nguyên vật liệu và thời gian để đảm bảo lịch trình bảo dưỡng được thực hiện cho toàn bộ nhà máy và không làm cản trở hoạt động của các dây chuyền. Khoá đào tạo: “QUẢN TRỊ BẢO TRÌ – BẢO DƯỠNG THIẾT BỊ XƯỞNG SẢN XUẤT – EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES” sẽ chia sẻ với các anh chị những phương pháp lên kế hoạch cũng như thực hiện kế hoạch bảo trì bảo dưỡng thiết bị xưởng đạt hiệu quả cao nhất.
Để biết thêm chi tiết các KHÓA HỌC QUẢN TRỊ SẢN XUẤT vui lòng liên hệ bộ phận tư vấn đào tạo của Trường Đào Tạo Kỹ Năng Quản Lý SAM:
285 Phan Xích Long, P7, Q.Phú Nhuận.
Điện thoại: (08) 35178848 – ( 08) 35178849. Fax: (08) 35174118.
Email: info@sam.edu.vn; tuvan@sam.edu.vn – Website: www.sam.edu.vn
KIỂM SOÁT NỘI BỘ CHU TRÌNH BÁN HÀNG VÀ THU TIỀN Nguyễn Công Huy
Luận văn tốt nghiệp : KIỂM SOÁT NỘI BỘ CHU TRÌNH BÁN HÀNG VÀ THU TIỀN TẠI CHI NHÁNH HÓA DẦU ĐÀ NẴNG
Để tải file word và slide hãy bấm vào link http://luanvan.forumvi.com/t6-topic
email liên hệ: luanvan84@gmail.com
Elaich module 4 topic 4.8 - Reverse engineering for compatible and performing...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Reverse engineering for compatible and performing restoration materials – case studies
Elaich module 4 topic 4.7 - Criteria and methodology for consolidation - pilo...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Criteria and methodology for consolidation - pilot applications and case studies » Teaching material
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Environmental Effects, Phenomena and Decay mechanisms
Elaich module 4 topic 4.5 - Requirements for compatible materialselaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Requirements for compatible materials and conservation interventions
Elaich module 4 topic 4.6 - Criteria and methodology for cleaning - pilot app...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Criteria and methodology for cleaning - pilot applications and case studies
Elaich module 5 topic 5.1 - To Monitor or not to Monitor, that is the question!elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
To Monitor or not to Monitor, that is the question!
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
How to monitor cultural heritage after the conservation treatments
Elaich module 2 topic 2.5 - Historic building materialselaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Historic building materials: Stones, ceramics, mortars
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Historic materials of architectural surfaces: Mosaics
The Kern County Farm Bureau has selected three recipients for the Michael R. Mettler Memorial Scholarship: Cameron Ford, Mallory Harrison, and Micaela Palmer. The scholarship provides $500 per year for up to four years to students pursuing agriculture-related degrees. Ford and Harrison are currently students at California State University, Fresno studying agriculture education, while Palmer will begin her studies there in the fall after graduating from Frontier High School. The scholarships will be awarded at the Kern Agriculture Scholarship Awards Banquet on May 11.
Devin Taggart is seeking a position in videography and video editing with a mass communications background. He has a Bachelor's degree in Mass Communications from Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania with relevant experience filming and editing videos through college organizations. Taggart has skills in Adobe and Final Cut video editing software and experience operating cameras for live events and television.
La reciclaje es el proceso mediante el cual los productos de desecho son nuevamente utilizados en lugar de desecharlos, lo que permite utilizar menos materia prima, agua y energía al reutilizar objetos que todavía son útiles en lugar de desecharlos.
Marc Anthony y Romeo Santos darán un concierto juntos en el Estadio Nacional de Perú el 7 de diciembre. Las entradas ya están a la venta con diferentes precios. El Niño es un fenómeno meteorológico que ocurre cada 2-7 años y calienta las aguas del Pacífico. Cuando es intenso, causa lluvias en Sudamérica y sequías en el sur de Asia y Australia, además de afectar la temporada de huracanes en el Atlántico.
The phoenix and dragon are revered mythical creatures in Chinese culture though they do not exist in reality. For generations, the phoenix has been feared and worshipped due to its representation as a sunbird, symbolizing admiration and mystery. The belief in the phoenix originated from the belief in the sunbird. Both the phoenix and chicken symbolize the sunbird, which seems contradictory but is explained by their representation of sacred and profane concepts in primitive religion according to sociologist Emile Durkheim's theory of totemism.
Highly motivated young professional seeking opportunities in politics, international relations, and national security in Washington D.C. He has experience interning in congressional offices and working on political campaigns, and currently serves as a Second Lieutenant in the Illinois Army National Guard. He has intermediate proficiency in Chinese and elementary proficiency in Korean, as well as skills in research, communication, leadership, and teamwork from his military and political experiences.
El documento habla sobre la celebración del periodista y presentador Ismael Cala al alcanzar un millón de seguidores en Twitter. Cala es el presentador estelar del programa de entrevistas "Cala" en CNN en Español. El documento también resume partes de una entrevista con Cala donde habla sobre su primer libro, "El poder de escuchar", y sobre el significado de ser un comunicador.
Trong quản trị sản xuất doanh nghiệp hiện nay, phân xưởng và tổ sản xuất là đơn vị trực tiếp tạo ra hàng hoá sản phẩm và dịch vụ, là nơi người lao động đóng góp sức lực và trí tuệ của họ cho Doanh nghiệp, là nơi sử dụng trực tiếp các yếu tố sản xuất như máy móc, nguyên nhiên vật liệu và sức lao động.
* Tổ trưởng sản xuất chuyên nghiệp
Tổ trưởng sản xuất là người chịu trách nhiệm quản lý phân xưởng và tổ sản xuất. Do đó họ cũng được xem là chìa khoá quan trọng đảm bảo thành công của Doanh nghiệp. Vậy người Tổ trưởng sản xuất cần và có những kiến thức cũng như kỹ năng gì để đảm bảo tốt cho công việc của mình? Khóa đào tạo “Tổ trưởng sản xuất chuyên nghiệp – Professional Production Teamleader” sẽ hỗ trợ bạn vấn đề trên.
* Cán bộ Quản trị sản xuất của các Doanh nghiệp hiện nay đang quản lý sản xuất với một trình độ chuyên môn tốt nhưng đa số lại thiếu và yếu về kỹ năng quản lý. Trong khi đó, với nền kinh tế thị trường hiện này thì các kỹ năng quản lý lại đóng vai trò vô cùng quan trọng trong sự thành công hay thất bại của Doanh nghiệp.
Với thực tế đó, Trường Đào Tạo Kỹ Năng Quản Lý SAM đã nghiên cứu khoá học “KỸ NĂNG GIÁM SÁT & QUẢN LÝ SẢN XUẤT” nhằm giúp Học viên đánh giá đúng tầm quan trọng của công tác giám sát, quản lý sản xuất, nâng cao kỹ năng giám sát và quản lý qua việc sử dụng được các công cụ, phương pháp phù hợp. Học viên cũng sẽ có khả năng để đề xuất các giải pháp cải tiến, ứng dụng vào thực tế quản lý từ các phương pháp, công cụ quản lý được chuyển giao qua khóa học nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả sản xuất.
* QUẢN TRỊ BẢO TRÌ – BẢO DƯỠNG THIẾT BỊ XƯỞNG SẢN XUẤT
Công tác bảo trì bảo dưỡng thiết bị tại xưởng sản xuất đóng vai trò vô cùng quan trọng đối với quá trình hoạt động liên tục của nhà máy.
Một kế hoạch bảo dưỡng có hiệu quả nhất thường dựa trên kinh nghiệm, nhân lực, thiết bị và qui trình bảo dưỡng sẵn có. Để hạn chế thời gian ngưng hoạt động nhà máy, phải thực hiện tất cả các công việc như kiểm tra, chuẩn bị bảo dưỡng có thể thực hiện khi nhà máy đang hoạt động. Thời tiết cũng là một thông số ảnh hưởng đến kế hoạch bảo dưỡng. Điều đó đòi hỏi những cán bộ, nhân viên chịu trách nhiệm lên kế hoạch bảo trì, bảo dưỡng cần có những phương pháp hiệu quả trong việc sử dụng các thiết bị, nhân lực, nguyên vật liệu và thời gian để đảm bảo lịch trình bảo dưỡng được thực hiện cho toàn bộ nhà máy và không làm cản trở hoạt động của các dây chuyền. Khoá đào tạo: “QUẢN TRỊ BẢO TRÌ – BẢO DƯỠNG THIẾT BỊ XƯỞNG SẢN XUẤT – EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES” sẽ chia sẻ với các anh chị những phương pháp lên kế hoạch cũng như thực hiện kế hoạch bảo trì bảo dưỡng thiết bị xưởng đạt hiệu quả cao nhất.
Để biết thêm chi tiết các KHÓA HỌC QUẢN TRỊ SẢN XUẤT vui lòng liên hệ bộ phận tư vấn đào tạo của Trường Đào Tạo Kỹ Năng Quản Lý SAM:
285 Phan Xích Long, P7, Q.Phú Nhuận.
Điện thoại: (08) 35178848 – ( 08) 35178849. Fax: (08) 35174118.
Email: info@sam.edu.vn; tuvan@sam.edu.vn – Website: www.sam.edu.vn
KIỂM SOÁT NỘI BỘ CHU TRÌNH BÁN HÀNG VÀ THU TIỀN Nguyễn Công Huy
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Elaich module 4 topic 4.8 - Reverse engineering for compatible and performing...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Reverse engineering for compatible and performing restoration materials – case studies
Elaich module 4 topic 4.7 - Criteria and methodology for consolidation - pilo...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Criteria and methodology for consolidation - pilot applications and case studies » Teaching material
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Environmental Effects, Phenomena and Decay mechanisms
Elaich module 4 topic 4.5 - Requirements for compatible materialselaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Requirements for compatible materials and conservation interventions
Elaich module 4 topic 4.6 - Criteria and methodology for cleaning - pilot app...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Criteria and methodology for cleaning - pilot applications and case studies
Elaich module 3 topic 3.6 - Diagnosis of Decayelaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Diagnosis of Decay: Mechanisms, criteria and techniques Non destructive and instrumental laboratory techniques for diagnosis of decay and assessment of conservation
Index page of GEOPOLYMERIC BUILDING MATERIALS BY SYNERGIC UTILISATION OF INDU...Anupam Kumar
This document is a certificate for a seminar submitted by Anupam Kumar on geopolymeric building materials made from industrial wastes. It acknowledges the contributions of his guide Abhishek Chanda and others in helping him complete the seminar. The abstract summarizes that synergistic use of wastes like fly ash, blast furnace slag, and red mud can develop novel building components through geopolymerization. This includes high strength cement, self-glazed tiles, and pavement tiles. The technologies have been developed at a bench scale and efforts are underway to scale them up to a pilot plant level. The report aims to study recycling and use of industrial wastes to make value-added building materials.
The document discusses the restoration of historical monuments in India. It covers pre-restoration works like surveys and legislation protecting monuments. Common problems with heritage structures include human negligence, climate impacts, and structural issues. Restoration methodology considers repair materials and techniques, addressing moisture issues, and strengthening structures seismically with titanium and cement. The Archaeological Survey of India oversees preservation projects and case studies demonstrate restoration methods.
Elaich module 6 topic 6.6 - The megalithic temples of Maltaelaich
The document discusses the megalithic temples of Malta, which have been protected by shelters to preserve them from environmental degradation. A scientific committee studied the temples and found that the harsh environment was damaging the stone materials. They recommended open-sided shelters to protect the sites for 25-30 years while more preservation strategies are studied. Monitoring continues before and after the shelters were constructed to understand their impact on preservation. The shelters now cover the sites and have improved legibility while buying time for additional preservation research.
NEW EXPERIMENT SYSTEM FOR THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SOFT ROCK AND WATER: A CASE...msejjournal
The strength of rock strongly depends on the water content especially when the rocks contain clay materials. The interaction between soft rock and water always threaten the soft rock engineering projects. For this problem, new sets of laboratory experiment systems are developed to simulate the interaction between soft rock and water or vapor. In this paper, the principles of experiment systems are introduced
with particular reference to the application on soft rock in Mogao Grottoes, one of the world famous ancient sites in China. Two kinds of rock samples, the sandstone and muddy sandstone, are obtained by insitu sampling system. Then the laboratory experiments are performed under different environment conditions. By the specific boundary conditions design, the physical-chemical effect and mechanic effect on
water absorption of rock samples are separated for further mechanism study by the experiment system, and
the different hydrological actions of water and vapor under variable experiment environment are obtained.
The interaction mechanism is discussed with assistant methods, such as SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), mercury injection test, X-ray diffraction analysis and etc. With the relation between water content and soft rock strength, the study may provide guidance and basis for the soft rock engineering in the future.
New Experiment System for the Interaction Between Soft Rock and Water : A Cas...msejjournal
The strength of rock strongly depends on the water content especially when the rocks contain clay
materials. The interaction between soft rock and water always threaten the soft rock engineering projects.
For this problem, new sets of laboratory experiment systems are developed to simulate the interaction
between soft rock and water or vapor. In this paper, the principles of experiment systems are introduced
with particular reference to the application on soft rock in Mogao Grottoes, one of the world famous
ancient sites in China. Two kinds of rock samples, the sandstone and muddy sandstone, are obtained by insitu sampling system. Then the laboratory experiments are performed under different environment
conditions. By the specific boundary conditions design, the physical-chemical effect and mechanic effect on
water absorption of rock samples are separated for further mechanism study by the experiment system, and
the different hydrological actions of water and vapor under variable experiment environment are obtained.
The interaction mechanism is discussed with assistant methods, such as SEM (Scanning Electron
Microscope), mercury injection test, X-ray diffraction analysis and etc. With the relation between water
content and soft rock strength, the study may provide guidance and basis for the soft rock engineering in
the future.
NEW EXPERIMENT SYSTEM FOR THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SOFT ROCK AND WATER: A CASE...msejjournal
1) New experiment systems were developed to simulate the interaction between soft rock and water or vapor, including a water absorption system and a water vapor absorption system.
2) Samples of muddy sandstone and sandstone were obtained from Mogao Grottoes and tested in the new systems. Water absorption tests showed muddy sandstone had a critical water absorption value of around 40% before disaggregation, while sandstone had a lower but still significant water absorption ability.
3) Water vapor absorption tests under varying temperature and humidity conditions found muddy sandstone had a much larger vapor absorption rate and strength reduction compared to sandstone. The experiment systems can provide guidance for soft rock engineering projects like preservation of Mogao Grot
Torn engineering geological_modelling_of_the_sillamäe_radioactive_tailings_po...Ingo Valgma
This thesis examines the engineering-geological modeling of the area surrounding the radioactive tailings pond in Sillamäe, Estonia. It analyzes the world practices of remediating radioactive tailings and assesses the hydrogeological and geoenvironmental conditions of the Sillamäe site. The thesis models creep processes in the Cambrian clay and proposes remediation approaches for the Sillamäe radioactive tailings pond. It develops an engineering-geological and geoenvironmental model for the area that incorporates risk analysis and management based on long-term monitoring data. The model aims to understand issues and potential risks to support future development plans for the area.
Collaboration with UAF School of Management:
Associate professor Jim Collins, UAF School of Management Director of
Entrepreneurship, has taken an interest in this project and begun involving some of his
students in working on the economic feasibility and business-planning aspects. This
project provides students with an excellent opportunity to leverage their academic
study and exercises into real-world results. CCHRC is pleased and grateful to have the
opportunity to collaborate with these students and for Dr. Collins’ interest and
mentorship.
Collaboration with Small Businesses in Fairbanks & North Pole:
A growing number of local cement-related business owners and managers are
expressing interest in participating directly in CCHRC’s efforts to develop the commercial
applications of geopolymer cements and concretes. These businesses presently include
Stonecastle Masonry, Fairweather Masonry, MAPPA Test Lab, and Fairbanks Precast &
Rebar.
One of the top 20 in the 2010 Arctic Innovation Competition:
Out of more than 200 entries in the UAF School of Management 2010 Arctic Innovation
Competition, CCHRC’s presentation (given by Ty Keltner) on the potential for local
geopolymer development was selected as one of the top 20. The final four projects
were notably further along in the process of establishing a specific business. CCHRC’s
involvement in the competition helped establish connections with individuals
contributing suggestions and expressing interest in working with us in the future. These
included Jim Collins in the School of Management and Shiva Hullavarad in the Advanced
Materials Group of the UAF Institute of Northern Engineering.
Collection and organization of 2.5GB of relevant literature:
CCHRC staff have collected, organized and partially reviewed more than 2.5 GB of text
on the alternatives to portland cement. That currently amounts to 2,049 files in 161
folders and seven mind-maps, including over 600 research papers. Plus seven text books
on geopolymer cements. Although it is outside the scope of this project, the
organization of this information has been done in a manner which will facilitate
references, abstracts and CCHRC’s notes being made publically available on the Internet
without copyright infringement. It is our hope that this extensive and on-going literature
This document discusses the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) for water remediation and nanoremediation. While nanoremediation shows promising benefits like lower costs and greater effectiveness compared to conventional methods, there are also environmental risks associated with ENMs that require consideration. The document analyzes these risks, such as increased mobility of ENMs leading to unintended exposure, and transformation of ENMs in natural environments altering their properties. It advocates for an eco-design approach to develop sustainable ENMs from renewable resources for water treatment to improve safety.
Elaich module 3 topic 3.8 a - Salt decay in lab: Salt crystallizationelaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Salt decay in lab: Salt crystallization
Development of Recycled Aggregates In The Implementation ofthe Concrete:Liter...IJERA Editor
Civil engineering is rapidly evolving with the natural, political and environmental development. Due to
a shortage of natural resources, to sustainable development and environmental certificationsrequirements,
recycling of aggregates is increasingly valued.Research is done everywhere in the world (in 2016, more
than a hundred doctoral subjects were proposed in this sense) in order to normalize the use of recycled aggregates,
specify the domain and restrictionsof using concrete constructions design protocols based on recycled
aggregates.Since the 80s, researches are based on the type of the recycled (concrete aggregates,
remains aggregates , glass, rubbers…) and the percentage of it compared to natural aggregates to
study the influence on the basic characteristics of concrete..
The main characteristics studied are the porosity of the concrete, the tensile strength and the compressive
strength. In comparison with natural aggregates, concrete based on recycled aggregates has
lower resistance values of approximately 20% but has better thermal characteristics than about 5% .These
characteristics are basic for the dimensioning especially of the carrier elements so they are demanding
bettertechnical and experimental studies to determine the optimum proportion of recycled aggregates for use in
the preparation of concrete.
In Morocco, recycled aggregates, does not have any specific standards, and is used mainly in roads
and pavements construction. Even if it’s not normalized this use is not recent, in 1999 during the rehabilitation
of the expressway road from Casablanca which was severely damaged on both channels,
the authorities have opted for the reuse of aggregates instead of reloading the existing pavement with
a new one.
The chosen alternative combinesthe replacement of existing material by a bituminous mixture and a
cold instead reprocessing depending of differences of damage and requirement on the structural capacity for
slow and fast lanes.This paper, part of my doctoral research, discusses different aspects of the problem beginning
with a brief description of the advantages of recycling in all of the levels: social, economic… and a review
of the international and national standards in terms of construction and demolition waste generated, recycled
aggregates producedand their utilization in concrete. It also gives a benchmarking of the engineering properties
of recycled aggregates and concludes by proposing some market opportunities and development paths and potential
uses of recycled aggregates
Performance of lateritic concrete under environmental harsh conditioneSAT Journals
This document investigates the performance of lateritic concrete under different environmental conditions by varying the ratio of laterite to fine aggregate in concrete mixes. Cubes made with different ratios (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) were subjected to high temperatures, wetting and drying cycles, and chemical exposure. The results showed that compressive strength generally decreased with increased laterite ratio under wetting/drying cycles but increased when exposed to magnesium sulfate. A ratio of 20% laterite attained the highest strength of 12.9 MPa after heating to 100°C, indicating it provides optimal performance under harsh, tropical weathering.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This project aims to improve the waterproofing of concrete structures using nano-technology. Phase 1 of the project involves finalizing the technology, methodology, materials, and mix design. The monomer selected is polysiloxanes for its water repellence and durability properties. Testing of all materials was conducted. A trial mix design of M40 concrete was developed with 350kg of cement, 140L of water, and other ingredients. Cubes were cast and tested at 7 and 28 days to obtain average strengths of 38.67MPa and 47.06MPa respectively, validating the mix design. Phase 1 establishes the groundwork for further testing of concrete with added monomer in Phase 2.
Similar to Elaich module 2 topic 2.7.2 - Earthquake resistant mortars (20)
The document provides guidelines for students to study and document a historic site as part of an educational program called ELAICH. It outlines 3 levels of documentation - Level A involves taking photographs, Level B involves on-site sketching, and Level C involves taking precise measurements to produce detailed drawings. Level A is the basic requirement, while Level C is the most advanced. The goal is for students to apply their educational knowledge to accurately observe, describe, and analyze deterioration and other issues at the historic site in order to help preservation experts.
The document discusses an educational linkage approach in cultural heritage called eLAICH. It describes eLAICH as an e-learning platform that provides educational content in various digital formats like PowerPoint, PDF, and Word. eLAICH aims to create online educational materials linked to cultural heritage through different media channels.
Elaich module 6 topic 6.5 - Protection and rehabilitation of historic city of...elaich
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Protection and rehabilitation of historic city of Acre
Elaich module 2 topic 2.6 advanced - Diagnostic study of the Hagia Sophia mos...elaich
The diagnostic study evaluated the preservation state of the Hagia Sophia's dome mosaics through material characterization and diagnosis of decay. Laboratory analysis was performed on samples of 6th century and 10th century glass tesserae and their bedding mortars. The 6th century tesserae showed bubbles, microcracking, and scratches attributed to production techniques and exposure. Analysis found gold and silver were used. The 10th century tesserae contained a copper-zinc alloy simulating silver. Bedding mortar samples were also analyzed. Additionally, non-destructive techniques like infrared thermography were used to diagnose decay both in the laboratory and in situ on the monument.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
1. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. Antonia Moropoulou - NTUA – National Technical University of Athens Knowing the built heritage Module 2 Basic Cour s e Teaching Material Topic 2 . 7.2 Earthquake resistant mortars Educational Toolkit
3. Prof. Antonia Moropoulou - NTUA – National Technical University of Athens Abstract Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage This presentation discusses the basic steps of the reverse engineering methodology that is required in order to design and manufacture earthquake resistant restoration mortars compatible with the historic building materials and demonstrates how such mortars are applied in pilot masonries used to study their dynamic behavior
4. Prof. Antonia Moropoulou - NTUA – National Technical University of Athens Content Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Table of contents of this presentation The concept of Reverse Engineering Step 1: Characterization of the historic mortars Step 2: Selection of raw materials and compositions Step 3: Preparation of restoration mortars Step 4: Assessment of the restoration mortars’ properties Step 5: Optimization based on mortars’ characteristics Step 6: Pilot in-situ application on the masonry scale Application: Historic Masonry in Hagia Sophia
5. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Reverse engineering methodology Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars A NESSESARY & APPROPRIATE METHODOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPATIBLE RESTORATION MORTARS BASED ON CRITERIA THAT ORIGINATE FROM EXPERIENCE WITH HISTORIC MORTARS: Acropolis of Athens REVERSE ENGINEERING Simulation of the properties of historic mortars Improved properties of the compatible mortars Reproducibility and control of the production technology
6.
7. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Step 1. Characterization of historic mortars Mechanical tests (compressive / flexural strength)_____________mechanical properties Mercury intrusion porosimetry_______________________microstructural characteristics Water capillary rise tests_________________% absorbed water, capillary rise coefficient Optical / fibre optics / electron microscopy____microstructural characteristics and texture Thermal analyses_____________________________________phases and composition X-Ray Diffraction analysis_______________________________________crystal phases Other Non Destructive Techniques (DIP, IR Thermography, Ultrasonics, colorimetry, etc.) Acropolis of Athens Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
8. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake Resistant Mortars Acropolis of Athens Prof. A. Cakmak (PU), Prof. A. Moropoulou (NTUA) At the Dome of Haghia Sofia, Istanbul 1995
9. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Step 1. Characterization of historic mortars Acropolis of Athens Correlation between the tensile strength and the CO2 / structurally bound water ratio CO2 / structurally bound water vs. CO2 (%) Classification of the historic mortars with thermal analysis and mechanical tests Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
10. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Step 1. Characterization of historic mortars Acropolis of Athens Assessment of the Microstructural Characteristics of Historic Mortars – Acceptable Limits for Restoration Mortars Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
11. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Step 2. Selection of Raw Materials Acropolis of Athens BINDERS Lime Putty Ca(OH)2 ~83%, CaCO3 ~15%, free water content ~58% , bulk density ~0,82 g/cm3 Raw material: Quicklime. This is added to water and a chemical reaction occurs which is termed as slaking. The resulting mixture is sieved and left to mature for at least 3 months. During this time the liquid slaked lime thickens to the consistency of toothpaste and is pure white in color Natural Hydraulic Lime (NHL) Raw material: limestone containing clay or other silica impurities. The limestone is burnt (~900oC) and then slaked (conversion of CaO to Ca(OH)2 without hydration of hydraulic phases), but a harder set is obtained because calcium silicates and aluminates form in the presence of water as well as calcium carbonate from carbonation. It can set under water hence the term hydraulic. NHL is graded by strength into three types 2, 3.5 and 5. These are termed, feebly hydraulic, moderately hydraulic and eminently hydraulic AGGREGATES Sand Washed yellow-colored river-sand of silicate nature, Limestone sand can be used due to compatibility with the binder phase, Grain size distribution according to application, No impurities such as salts, clay-earths etc. Crushed Brick Grain size distribution 1-6mm, total porosity ~30%, bulk density: 1.89 g/cm3, Raw material of the crushed bricks should contain small quantities of CaCO3 ADDITIVES Earth of Milos – Natural Pozzolanic Additive High content of amorphous glassy phases, total silica 65% finer than 64μm: 88, percentage active silicon >20% Brick Powder – Artificial Pozzolana, Total silica 58%, % finer than 64μm: 94, percentage active silicon >20% The selection criteria of the raw materials are based on studies of historic mortars and extensive lab experience Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
12. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Step 2. Selection of Compositions Lime Mortars Lime putty with sand, sand-brick, fine sand Binder / aggregate ratio 1:2 – 1:2.5 Hydraulic Mortars Hydraulic lime with sand, sand-brick, fine sand Binder / aggregate ratio 1:3 Mortars with Pozzolanic Additives Lime putty / ceramic powder (2:1) with sand, sand-brick Binder / aggregate ratio 1:2.5 Lime putty / Earth of Milos (2:1) with sand, sand-brick Binder / aggregate ratio 1:2.5 Comparison Mortars with Lime – Cement Lime putty / cement (1:4 to 1:1) with sand, sand-brick Cement to sand ratio 1:3 Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
13. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Step 3. Preparation of Mortars Mixing procedure: Mix the binder along with the pozzolanic additive using the appropriate content of water (as determined by the flow table test) Add gradually the premixed aggregate materials Technical Characteristics of the fresh mortars: Air content Bulk density Retained water Consistence – flow table test Characterization Methods Differential Thermal Analysis – Thermogravimetry Carbonation / development of hydraulic phases Microstructural Investigation with Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Assessment of the compatibility of historic mortars Mechanical Properties Response to the structural - static specifications Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
14. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Step 4. Assessment of Mortars During their Setting and Hardening Period Cement - lime mortars Low percentage cement mortars have a behavior similar to lime mortars. A separation of phases between cement and lime is observed, thus the binder material lucks cohesion High percentage cement mortars have high mechanical strengths but their microstructure is incompatible After 9 months Cement in any percentage is incompatible in restoration mortars for historic masonries Hydraulic lime mortars Chemically bound water after only 15 days of hardening. High mechanical strength. High hydraulicity Typical Lime Mortars Lowest carbonation rate (it continues even after 9 months). Rate increases after 3 months. Mechanical strength is developed in relation with the carbonation rate Pozzolanic Mortars (ceramic powder, earth of Milos) Average values of carbonation rates. Significant amount of chemically bound water. The ceramic powder and the earth of Milos help the development of hydraulic phases improving the mechanical strength Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
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16.
17. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Step 5: Optimization - Standardization Optimization of the Binder / Additives / Aggregates Ratio Increase the binder phase by 5-10% Improvement of the mechanical properties and the microstructure Binder / additives = 1:1 Enhancement of the hydraulic character of the mortar Optimization of the Production Technology Saturation of the crushed brick Avoid problems with mortar setting Improved mixing procedure Mix the binder with the additives and all the necessary water and slowly add the aggregates Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
18.
19. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Step 6: Pilot Application of Restoration Mortars Characterization of Historic Mortars Design of Compatible Restoration Mortars Optimization & Standardization Pilot Application of Restoration Mortars Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
20. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Pilot Application of Restoration Mortars The structural system of the Church is characterized by a masonry with joints of large thickness (almost 1,5 times the thickness of the brick) and strong crushed brick mortars Historic Masonry in Hagia Sophia, Istanbul Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
21. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Pilot Application of Restoration Mortars Low dynamic modulus of elasticity and relatively high flexural strength In this way, the materials contributed to the earthquake resistance of the monument Characteristics of the historic mortars used in Hagia Sophia Hydraulic nature of the binder A mixture of coarse ceramic fragments (<15mm) and sand was used as aggregates These mortars may be considered as early examples of reinforced concrete Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars Material E d (MPa) F f (MPa) Mortar 0.66 0.7-1.2 Brick-mortar 1.83 - Brick 3.1 -
22. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Pilot Application of Restoration Mortars Site of Pilot Application of Restoration Mortars Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
23. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Applied Restoration Mortars Mortar with Lime Putty & Brick Powder as a pozzolanic additive and aggregate mixture of Sand and Crushed Brick (LPPBSCB) Mortar with natural Hydraulic Lime & Brick Powder as a pozzolanic additive and aggregate mixture of Sand and Crushed Brick (HLPBSCB) Mortar with Lime Putty & earth of Milos as a pozzolanic additive and aggregate mixture of Sand and Crushed Brick (LPMCSCB) Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
24. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
25. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
26. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage For the same value of ground acceleration and for the same construction the possibility of certain level of damage depends on the mechanical characteristics of the structural materials ( compressive strength, tensile strength , modulus of elasticity ) New Tool Fragility Curves Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
27. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Study of static behavior of pilot masonry Construction of 3 thick Joints brick masonry walls for each type of concrete. Walls Dimensions: 1.00mx1.50mx0.35m Joint width: 3.5cm Determination of masonry compressive strength and shear/displacement diagram Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
28. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Study of masonry dynamic behavior Construction of 2 parallel masonries walls with dimensions 2.70m x 2.00m x 0.35m that will be connected by a concrete plate. The test specimens will be tested under white noise excitation, in order the dynamic characteristics (natural period and damping) to be determined. Consequently the test specimen will be excited by an input motion of varying amplitude. Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
29. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage EVALUATION OF THE PILOT MASONRIES’ BEHAVIOR AT THE SEISMIC SIMULATOR (SHAKING TABLE) NTUA LABORATORY OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING The results confirm the conclusions of the finite element model analysis. The pilot masonries are bearing an earthquake simulation of 7 R magnitude Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
30. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage REFERENCES Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars
31. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Moropoulou, A., Bakolas, A., Bisbikou, K., “Characterization of ancient, byzantine and later historic mortars by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction techniques”, Thermochimica Acta, 269/270 (1995) pp. 779-795 Cakmak, A.S., Moropoulou, A., Mullen, C.L., “Interdisciplinary Study of Dynamic Behaviour and Earthquake Response of Hagia Sophia”, J. Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 14, No 9 (1995) pp. 125-133. Cakmak, A.S., Erdik, M., Moropoulou A., “A joint program for the protection of the Justinian Hagia Sophia”, in Proc. 4th International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, ed. A. Moropoulou, F. Zezza, E. Kollias & I. Papachristodoulou, Publ. Technical Chamber of Greece, Rhodes, Vol. 4 (1997) pp. 153-171. Cakmak, A.S., Moropoulou, A., Erdik, M., “Dynamic behaviour and earthquake response of Hagia Sophia”, PACT, J. European Study Group on Physical, Chemical, Biological and Mathematical Techniques Applied to Archaeology, 56 (1998) pp.31-47. Moropoulou, A., Bakolas, A., Moundoulas, P., Cakmak A.S., “Compatible restoration mortars, preparation and evaluation for Hagia Sophia earthquake protection”, PACT, J. European Study Group on Physical, Chemical, Biological and Mathematical Techniques Applied to Archaeology, 56 (1998) pp. 79-118. Moropoulou, A., Bakolas, A., Moundoulas, P., Cakmak, A.S., “Compatible restoration mortars for Hagia Sophia earthquake protection”, Advances in Earthquake Engineering 4, Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures, ed. G. Oliveto, C.A. Brebbia, Publ. Wessex Institute of Technology (1999), pp. 521-531. Erdik, M., Cakmak, A.S., Moropoulou, A., Yuzugullu, O., Durukal, E., “Earthquake protection of Hagia Sophia”, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, (2002). Moropoulou A., Aggelakopoulou E., Athanasiadou K., Xatziantoniou K., Kollias S., “Repair mortars for the Byzantine masonries restoration interventions”, Advances in Earthquake Engineering IV, Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures, ed. G. Latini, C.A. Brebbia, Publ. Wessex Institute of Technology (2003) pp.253-262. Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 2.7.2: Earthquake resistant mortars