ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Earthquake response of historic structures
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Earthquake resistant mortars
A systematic approach towards restoration of heritage buildings a case studyeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
2005 enriqueta arias et al soil health a new challenge for microbiologist and...Germán Tortosa
The document discusses soil health and its assessment. Soil health refers to the biological, chemical, and physical features essential for sustainable agriculture with minimal environmental impact. It cannot be directly measured but can be inferred by measuring specific properties like organic matter content and observing soil status. There is interest in studying soil microorganisms and their relationship to soil structure and function. Determining soil health indicators that can evaluate current status helps develop sustainable agriculture systems. Modern techniques now enable rapid measurement of soil microbial communities and analysis of microbial diversity and activity.
Engineering geology is a branch of applied geology that deals with the application of geological knowledge and principles to civil engineering projects. It provides essential information for safe, stable, and economical design and construction of structures like buildings, dams, roads, and tunnels. Engineering geological studies are conducted during planning, design, construction, and post-construction phases of projects. The studies help understand site conditions, availability of construction materials, and how to mitigate geological hazards. Knowledge of geology is crucial for heavy construction projects and excavation works to plan realistically and design sound foundations.
This document summarizes a kick-off workshop for the DredgDikes project held on January 13-14, 2011 at the University of Rostock. The project involves testing the use of dredged materials for dike construction between partners in Germany and Poland. Key planned activities in 2011 include project management, meetings, technical and financial reporting, and initial field and laboratory testing of dredged material samples.
Functionality of iron minerals in environmental processes fiminBernard Avril
This document summarizes a research networking programme called FIMIN that aims to improve understanding of the functionality of iron minerals in environmental processes. It discusses four main research themes: 1) the role of iron oxide surfaces in biogeochemistry, 2) iron as a key redox species in microbial processes, 3) the environmental biogeochemistry of iron, and 4) techniques to identify processes related to the biogeochemistry of iron. The overall goal of FIMIN is to take a multidisciplinary approach to address major open questions about the role of iron cycling in natural systems and its relevance to areas like contaminant remediation and carbon storage.
Engineering geology involves the application of geology to construction projects. It is concerned with the rock and soil conditions of construction sites. Engineering geology provides information vital for planning, designing, and building structures like dams, bridges, and buildings. It examines the geology, geomorphology, and material properties of construction sites to understand subsurface conditions, availability of construction materials, and geologic hazards that could impact structures. Subdisciplines of engineering geology include physical geology, geomorphology, mineralogy, petrology, and economic geology. It aids in site selection, foundation design, and town planning by considering the geologic factors that influence construction and development.
The Heritage Structure Rehabilitation Tax Credit was replaced in 2010 by the Sustainable Communities Tax Credit. The previous credit provided a 20% tax credit for substantial rehabilitation expenditures on certified heritage structures in Maryland over a 24-month period. The credit could be claimed in the year rehabilitation was completed if approved by the Maryland Historical Trust. Certain limitations and provisions applied depending on when the property was certified.
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Earthquake resistant mortars
A systematic approach towards restoration of heritage buildings a case studyeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
2005 enriqueta arias et al soil health a new challenge for microbiologist and...Germán Tortosa
The document discusses soil health and its assessment. Soil health refers to the biological, chemical, and physical features essential for sustainable agriculture with minimal environmental impact. It cannot be directly measured but can be inferred by measuring specific properties like organic matter content and observing soil status. There is interest in studying soil microorganisms and their relationship to soil structure and function. Determining soil health indicators that can evaluate current status helps develop sustainable agriculture systems. Modern techniques now enable rapid measurement of soil microbial communities and analysis of microbial diversity and activity.
Engineering geology is a branch of applied geology that deals with the application of geological knowledge and principles to civil engineering projects. It provides essential information for safe, stable, and economical design and construction of structures like buildings, dams, roads, and tunnels. Engineering geological studies are conducted during planning, design, construction, and post-construction phases of projects. The studies help understand site conditions, availability of construction materials, and how to mitigate geological hazards. Knowledge of geology is crucial for heavy construction projects and excavation works to plan realistically and design sound foundations.
This document summarizes a kick-off workshop for the DredgDikes project held on January 13-14, 2011 at the University of Rostock. The project involves testing the use of dredged materials for dike construction between partners in Germany and Poland. Key planned activities in 2011 include project management, meetings, technical and financial reporting, and initial field and laboratory testing of dredged material samples.
Functionality of iron minerals in environmental processes fiminBernard Avril
This document summarizes a research networking programme called FIMIN that aims to improve understanding of the functionality of iron minerals in environmental processes. It discusses four main research themes: 1) the role of iron oxide surfaces in biogeochemistry, 2) iron as a key redox species in microbial processes, 3) the environmental biogeochemistry of iron, and 4) techniques to identify processes related to the biogeochemistry of iron. The overall goal of FIMIN is to take a multidisciplinary approach to address major open questions about the role of iron cycling in natural systems and its relevance to areas like contaminant remediation and carbon storage.
Engineering geology involves the application of geology to construction projects. It is concerned with the rock and soil conditions of construction sites. Engineering geology provides information vital for planning, designing, and building structures like dams, bridges, and buildings. It examines the geology, geomorphology, and material properties of construction sites to understand subsurface conditions, availability of construction materials, and geologic hazards that could impact structures. Subdisciplines of engineering geology include physical geology, geomorphology, mineralogy, petrology, and economic geology. It aids in site selection, foundation design, and town planning by considering the geologic factors that influence construction and development.
The Heritage Structure Rehabilitation Tax Credit was replaced in 2010 by the Sustainable Communities Tax Credit. The previous credit provided a 20% tax credit for substantial rehabilitation expenditures on certified heritage structures in Maryland over a 24-month period. The credit could be claimed in the year rehabilitation was completed if approved by the Maryland Historical Trust. Certain limitations and provisions applied depending on when the property was certified.
Retrofitting of irrigation structures- Prakasam Barrage, Andhra Pradesh, -A...IEI GSC
1) The document discusses the retrofitting of the Prakasam Barrage irrigation structure across the Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh.
2) Retrofitting is done to strengthen structures and prolong their lifespan by enhancing safety against damage from loads, disasters, or aging.
3) The Prakasam Barrage was originally conceived in the 19th century and upgraded in the 20th century. It underwent retrofitting from 2002-2004 to reinforce it and sustain its life in response to changing design standards.
FRP composites have advantages over steel for strengthening structures, including higher strength-to-weight ratio, ability to conform to irregular shapes, and corrosion resistance. They are formed using processes like hand lay-up, filament winding, and pultrusion. When bonded to steel, FRP composites can increase strength and stiffness through flexural and fatigue strengthening or prevent local buckling. The bond between FRP and steel is critical and depends on surface treatment and adhesion. FRP composites are an effective technique for strengthening steel structures.
This presentation contains; Causes of distress in structure,Construction and design failures,Condition assessment and distress diagnostic techniques,Inspection and evaluating damaged structure
Repair and Rehabilitation of Historical StructuresAravind Samala
Repair, Retrofitting and Rehabilitation of Heritage buildings and historical structures. As Heritage buildings serves the integrity in and around the world, there is a great need to repair and restore them.
STRUCTURAL CRACKS: 1. Epoxy injection 2. Polyurethane injection 3. Stitching of cracks Problem Identification Selection of suitable solution
9. EPOXY INJECTION 60002C Epoxy Injection Pump Epoxy grout consists of epoxy resin, epoxy hardener and sand/aggregates. Epoxy grout is non-porous and wouldn’t absorb any contaminant or stains.
10. STRUCTURAL CRACKS: 1. Epoxy injection 3. Stitching of cracks Problem Identification Selection of suitable solution 2. Polyurethane Injection
11. POLYURETHANE INJECTION Installed Injection Packer Polyurethane Crack Injection Polyurethane injection involves a high pressure (typically 1500-3200 psi) injection of activated polyurethane through injection packers hammered into drilled holes. These fast-setting foams are effective alternatives for applications involving only crack sealing (waterproofing) and not structural repair.
12. STRUCTURAL CRACKS: 1. Epoxy injection 2. Polyurethane Injection Problem Identification Selection of suitable solution 3. Stitching of cracks
13. STITCHING OF CRACKS
14. ROOF LEAKAGES 1. Replacement of damaged roof with new clay roof tile and rearrangement of sealant. 2. Replacement of damaged roof portion by Asbestos roof and refill of sealant 3. Lead flashing Problem Identification Selection of suitable solution
15. Peeling of walls and ceiling The most suited and effective solution for peeling of walls or plaster is Mughal Plastering i.e. Plastering with lime mortar. Its lifetime is 10 years. Mold stains The effective solution is applying soap water under high pressure using pressure nozzle, controller and tube. Vegetation growth The materials used to remove vegetation growth are Glyphosate, ammonia solution and lime mortar. Maluti temples, Dumka District, Jharkhand Problem Identification Selection of suitable solution
This document discusses repairs, rehabilitation, and retrofitting of structures. It begins by defining repair, rehabilitation, and retrofitting. Repair returns a structure to its previous condition without improving strength. Rehabilitation considers strength by repairing damage. Retrofitting modifies existing structures to increase resistance to hazards like earthquakes. It provides examples of each process. The document outlines evaluation and quality control methods for repairs. It also discusses materials and techniques used for crack repair in structures, including epoxy injection grouting. Overall, the document provides an overview of restoring and upgrading structures through various repair, rehabilitation, and retrofitting methods.
The document provides guidelines for repair and rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete buildings. It discusses causes of concrete deterioration like permeability, aggressive agents, and condition surveys. Non-destructive tests are recommended to evaluate concrete quality, cracking, and corrosion. The approach involves identifying deterioration causes, assessing damage extent, and selecting appropriate repair materials and methods to rehabilitate structures in a systematic and cost-effective manner.
This document summarizes research on strengthening reinforced concrete beams using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. It discusses how FRP strengthening has become a popular technique worldwide due to advantages like high strength, light weight, corrosion resistance, and easy installation. The document reviews literature on strengthening both simply supported and continuous beams. It outlines different FRP strengthening methods and discusses factors that influence the behavior and failure of strengthened beams, such as surface preparation, adhesive type, and concrete strength. The document also discusses design considerations and challenges for FRP strengthening, as well as disadvantages like lack of design codes and fire risk.
Canal falls are structures constructed across canals to lower the bed level to maintain the designed slope when there is a change in ground level. The main types of canal falls are ogee falls, stepped falls, vertical falls, rapid falls, and straight glacis falls. Canal escapes are side channels that remove surplus water from canals into natural drains. The main types are surplus escapes, tail escapes, and scouring escapes. Cross drainage works include structures like aqueducts and siphon aqueducts to allow canals to pass over drainages when their bed levels differ.
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Historic structural systems - behaviour and typical damages. Types of structural members and their effect on the behaviour of historic structures. Methods for the in situ investigation of historic structures
A systematic approach towards restoration of heritage buildings a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract Heritage structures perform vital role in nation’s history, culture and signify the richness of it. To augment life and enhance strength, their restoration is very important for the future generations to have knowledge about how mankind lived in past ages. Restoration involves investigating, diagnosing and correcting deficiencies and deterioration of any structure. Identification of common defects and problems faced in old structures and devising a systematic approach towards handling these issues is civil engineer’s obligation. A case study throws light on the various problems encountered and the methods employed to tackle them. This paper focuses on such problems and methodology to handle these problems while respecting structure’s cultural integrity with the help of a case study. It also seeks to highlight the need for a greater awareness and the need to take precautionary measures of the immediate effects, and of the long-term management issues of heritage structures. Index Terms: Heritage structures, defects, evaluation, systematic approach etc.
This document is the preface to the second edition of the book "Earthquake-Resistant Design of Structures" by Shashikant K. Duggal. It discusses updates that have been made to the second edition, including revising and expanding several chapters with new content on topics like dynamics of structures, steel building design, and case studies of earthquakes. The preface provides an overview of the book's contents and approach to introducing concepts of earthquake-resistant design of buildings and structures. It aims to be a comprehensive textbook for students and practitioners. Feedback from the first edition was incorporated to improve the coverage of structural dynamics and code-based design approaches.
CONSTRUCTIVE METHODS OF PROTECTING BUILDINGS FROM SEISMIC EXPOSUREIAEME Publication
This article discusses approaches to assessing the seismic impact on the
underground parts of buildings and structures and analyzes possible measures to
minimize them.
The development of promising methods of constructive seismic protection dictated
by the imperative need and requirements of improving the safety of buildings and
structures of enhanced security is given. Without knowledge of the real geodynamic
risks (the impact of earthquakes, fluctuations in the level of groundwater), investing of
funds in seismic safety will be ineffective.
The main objective of the research is to develop a set of measures for assessing the
seismic-geotechnical situation of the construction site due to the fact that at present:
taking into account difficult ground conditions is estimated very roughly, the
seismicity of the territory is determined by averaged indicators; geodynamic data
(score) is insufficient for modeling and calculating the underground part of the
building; there is no practice of a comprehensive study of the system (the soil
foundation - the underground part - the upper structure) before and after
construction.
On the basis of detailed initial data of seismic micro zoning it is possible to
perform clarification of seismic hazard and to provide effective measures of seismic
protection of high-rise buildings. The analysis of modern methods of structural
protection of buildings in earthquake-prone areas. The classification of existing
systems of classical seismic protection on the principle of their work is presented. The
main methods are analyzed and the general conclusions and principles of seismic
protection of individual structures and buildings are formulated as a whole.
The variants of design solutions for the construction of foundations with a
separation layer, design and methods of construction of vertical and horizontal
geotechnical barriers are considered. The main advantages and disadvantages of the
described methods are given.
The main tendency of development of seismic protection of buildings is defined
and the direction of further researches is chosen: collecting and the analysis
Strengthening of R.C Framed Structure Using Energy Dissipating Devicespaperpublications3
Abstract: The Dampers which is added to the building scheme without any interruption to the present constituent of the building. In past days retrofitting structures are use full in the construction field however a good understanding of restraints involvement to increase the structure capacities and decreasing the seismic demand in specifically to the design process. In this work consider the energy dissipating devices for seismic strengthening of 5 stories concrete structure in this study involves viscous damping devices of V Type and Inverted V Type dampers with different effective stiffness, to prevent building damage or collapse in major earthquake.
Let talk about home, hosing and buildingsJasmine John
Building science is the collection of knowledge focusing on analyzing and controlling physical phenomena affecting buildings. It includes detailed analysis of building materials and systems. The purpose of building science is to optimize building performance and prevent failures by providing predictive capabilities. Building science strategies are implemented in arrangements of building materials and components.
PROGRAMMA ATTIVITA’ DIDATTICA A.A. 2016/17
DOTTORATO IN INGEGNERIA STRUTTURALE E GEOTECNICA
STRUCTURAL DESIGN FROM EMPIRICAL TRADITION
Lecture Series by
Thomas E. Boothby, Ph.D., P.E., R.A.
The Pennsylvania State University
Visiting Professor
Sapienza University of Rome
PROGRAMMA ATTIVITA’ DIDATTICA A.A. 2016/17
DOTTORATO IN INGEGNERIA STRUTTURALE E GEOTECNICA
___________________________________________________
STRUCTURAL DESIGN FROM EMPIRICAL TRADITION
Lecture Series by
Thomas E. Boothby, Ph.D., P.E., R.A.
The Pennsylvania State University
Visiting Professor
Sapienza University of Rome
This document summarizes a doctoral thesis on seismic isolation and energy dissipation. It discusses the theoretical basis for seismic isolation and describes different types of seismic isolation hardware and analysis procedures. It also examines energy dissipation devices and new configurations. The document presents a case study on seismic isolation of a worship structure in Sicily. It describes testing on a mock-up structure to study energy dissipation and analyzes buckling and rollout in seismic isolation systems.
The document provides an overview of historical retrofitting interventions on churches in Central Italy and evaluates their effectiveness based on damage from the 2016-2017 seismic sequence. It first reviews the main interventions carried out to mitigate seismic vulnerability, such as reinforcement with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) or steel bars. It then analyzes a sample of 600 churches that underwent past retrofitting and critically assesses the interventions based on surveyed damage data. The goal is to understand which techniques effectively improved seismic safety without compromising historical and cultural value, and inform the design of future retrofitting projects for ancient masonry structures.
This document outlines a short-term laboratory program at the National Central University from July 4-17, 2022 covering various engineering fields including structural, geotechnical, material, and environmental engineering. The program consists of lectures and demonstrations delivered by professors and graduate students focused on topics such as infrastructure monitoring using sensors, green pavement materials, centrifuge modeling, soil properties testing, and utilizing waste materials in concrete. Hands-on activities include image analysis of centrifuge tests and unmanned aerial vehicle data. The goal is to provide interdisciplinary training and research experiences to cultivate problem-solving skills for various hydrological and environmental challenges.
This document describes a study assessing the seismic vulnerability of a historical masonry building in Italy called Palazzo Bosco Lucarelli. The assessment involved a multidisciplinary approach including: (1) a historical investigation of the building and area, (2) detailed surveys, (3) material identification, (4) dynamic in-situ tests, (5) foundation soil characterization, and (6) dynamic identification using a finite element model. The results were used to evaluate the safety of the building through non-linear static analyses according to code provisions and estimate the behavior modification factor. Parametric studies were also conducted using linear dynamic and non-linear static analyses.
This document summarizes a study analyzing the seismic response of a base isolated building frame compared to a fixed-base building frame. It first reviews previous literature on base isolation systems and their increasing use. It then describes modeling a reinforced concrete frame in SAP2000 software to conduct modal and time-history analyses. Modal analysis found the first natural frequency of the fixed frame. Time-history analysis used ground motion records from the 1994 Northridge earthquake to determine displacement, velocity, and acceleration responses in the frame. The study found lower responses in lower stories for the base isolated frame compared to the fixed frame.
Retrofitting of irrigation structures- Prakasam Barrage, Andhra Pradesh, -A...IEI GSC
1) The document discusses the retrofitting of the Prakasam Barrage irrigation structure across the Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh.
2) Retrofitting is done to strengthen structures and prolong their lifespan by enhancing safety against damage from loads, disasters, or aging.
3) The Prakasam Barrage was originally conceived in the 19th century and upgraded in the 20th century. It underwent retrofitting from 2002-2004 to reinforce it and sustain its life in response to changing design standards.
FRP composites have advantages over steel for strengthening structures, including higher strength-to-weight ratio, ability to conform to irregular shapes, and corrosion resistance. They are formed using processes like hand lay-up, filament winding, and pultrusion. When bonded to steel, FRP composites can increase strength and stiffness through flexural and fatigue strengthening or prevent local buckling. The bond between FRP and steel is critical and depends on surface treatment and adhesion. FRP composites are an effective technique for strengthening steel structures.
This presentation contains; Causes of distress in structure,Construction and design failures,Condition assessment and distress diagnostic techniques,Inspection and evaluating damaged structure
Repair and Rehabilitation of Historical StructuresAravind Samala
Repair, Retrofitting and Rehabilitation of Heritage buildings and historical structures. As Heritage buildings serves the integrity in and around the world, there is a great need to repair and restore them.
STRUCTURAL CRACKS: 1. Epoxy injection 2. Polyurethane injection 3. Stitching of cracks Problem Identification Selection of suitable solution
9. EPOXY INJECTION 60002C Epoxy Injection Pump Epoxy grout consists of epoxy resin, epoxy hardener and sand/aggregates. Epoxy grout is non-porous and wouldn’t absorb any contaminant or stains.
10. STRUCTURAL CRACKS: 1. Epoxy injection 3. Stitching of cracks Problem Identification Selection of suitable solution 2. Polyurethane Injection
11. POLYURETHANE INJECTION Installed Injection Packer Polyurethane Crack Injection Polyurethane injection involves a high pressure (typically 1500-3200 psi) injection of activated polyurethane through injection packers hammered into drilled holes. These fast-setting foams are effective alternatives for applications involving only crack sealing (waterproofing) and not structural repair.
12. STRUCTURAL CRACKS: 1. Epoxy injection 2. Polyurethane Injection Problem Identification Selection of suitable solution 3. Stitching of cracks
13. STITCHING OF CRACKS
14. ROOF LEAKAGES 1. Replacement of damaged roof with new clay roof tile and rearrangement of sealant. 2. Replacement of damaged roof portion by Asbestos roof and refill of sealant 3. Lead flashing Problem Identification Selection of suitable solution
15. Peeling of walls and ceiling The most suited and effective solution for peeling of walls or plaster is Mughal Plastering i.e. Plastering with lime mortar. Its lifetime is 10 years. Mold stains The effective solution is applying soap water under high pressure using pressure nozzle, controller and tube. Vegetation growth The materials used to remove vegetation growth are Glyphosate, ammonia solution and lime mortar. Maluti temples, Dumka District, Jharkhand Problem Identification Selection of suitable solution
This document discusses repairs, rehabilitation, and retrofitting of structures. It begins by defining repair, rehabilitation, and retrofitting. Repair returns a structure to its previous condition without improving strength. Rehabilitation considers strength by repairing damage. Retrofitting modifies existing structures to increase resistance to hazards like earthquakes. It provides examples of each process. The document outlines evaluation and quality control methods for repairs. It also discusses materials and techniques used for crack repair in structures, including epoxy injection grouting. Overall, the document provides an overview of restoring and upgrading structures through various repair, rehabilitation, and retrofitting methods.
The document provides guidelines for repair and rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete buildings. It discusses causes of concrete deterioration like permeability, aggressive agents, and condition surveys. Non-destructive tests are recommended to evaluate concrete quality, cracking, and corrosion. The approach involves identifying deterioration causes, assessing damage extent, and selecting appropriate repair materials and methods to rehabilitate structures in a systematic and cost-effective manner.
This document summarizes research on strengthening reinforced concrete beams using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. It discusses how FRP strengthening has become a popular technique worldwide due to advantages like high strength, light weight, corrosion resistance, and easy installation. The document reviews literature on strengthening both simply supported and continuous beams. It outlines different FRP strengthening methods and discusses factors that influence the behavior and failure of strengthened beams, such as surface preparation, adhesive type, and concrete strength. The document also discusses design considerations and challenges for FRP strengthening, as well as disadvantages like lack of design codes and fire risk.
Canal falls are structures constructed across canals to lower the bed level to maintain the designed slope when there is a change in ground level. The main types of canal falls are ogee falls, stepped falls, vertical falls, rapid falls, and straight glacis falls. Canal escapes are side channels that remove surplus water from canals into natural drains. The main types are surplus escapes, tail escapes, and scouring escapes. Cross drainage works include structures like aqueducts and siphon aqueducts to allow canals to pass over drainages when their bed levels differ.
ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage.
For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/
Historic structural systems - behaviour and typical damages. Types of structural members and their effect on the behaviour of historic structures. Methods for the in situ investigation of historic structures
A systematic approach towards restoration of heritage buildings a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract Heritage structures perform vital role in nation’s history, culture and signify the richness of it. To augment life and enhance strength, their restoration is very important for the future generations to have knowledge about how mankind lived in past ages. Restoration involves investigating, diagnosing and correcting deficiencies and deterioration of any structure. Identification of common defects and problems faced in old structures and devising a systematic approach towards handling these issues is civil engineer’s obligation. A case study throws light on the various problems encountered and the methods employed to tackle them. This paper focuses on such problems and methodology to handle these problems while respecting structure’s cultural integrity with the help of a case study. It also seeks to highlight the need for a greater awareness and the need to take precautionary measures of the immediate effects, and of the long-term management issues of heritage structures. Index Terms: Heritage structures, defects, evaluation, systematic approach etc.
This document is the preface to the second edition of the book "Earthquake-Resistant Design of Structures" by Shashikant K. Duggal. It discusses updates that have been made to the second edition, including revising and expanding several chapters with new content on topics like dynamics of structures, steel building design, and case studies of earthquakes. The preface provides an overview of the book's contents and approach to introducing concepts of earthquake-resistant design of buildings and structures. It aims to be a comprehensive textbook for students and practitioners. Feedback from the first edition was incorporated to improve the coverage of structural dynamics and code-based design approaches.
CONSTRUCTIVE METHODS OF PROTECTING BUILDINGS FROM SEISMIC EXPOSUREIAEME Publication
This article discusses approaches to assessing the seismic impact on the
underground parts of buildings and structures and analyzes possible measures to
minimize them.
The development of promising methods of constructive seismic protection dictated
by the imperative need and requirements of improving the safety of buildings and
structures of enhanced security is given. Without knowledge of the real geodynamic
risks (the impact of earthquakes, fluctuations in the level of groundwater), investing of
funds in seismic safety will be ineffective.
The main objective of the research is to develop a set of measures for assessing the
seismic-geotechnical situation of the construction site due to the fact that at present:
taking into account difficult ground conditions is estimated very roughly, the
seismicity of the territory is determined by averaged indicators; geodynamic data
(score) is insufficient for modeling and calculating the underground part of the
building; there is no practice of a comprehensive study of the system (the soil
foundation - the underground part - the upper structure) before and after
construction.
On the basis of detailed initial data of seismic micro zoning it is possible to
perform clarification of seismic hazard and to provide effective measures of seismic
protection of high-rise buildings. The analysis of modern methods of structural
protection of buildings in earthquake-prone areas. The classification of existing
systems of classical seismic protection on the principle of their work is presented. The
main methods are analyzed and the general conclusions and principles of seismic
protection of individual structures and buildings are formulated as a whole.
The variants of design solutions for the construction of foundations with a
separation layer, design and methods of construction of vertical and horizontal
geotechnical barriers are considered. The main advantages and disadvantages of the
described methods are given.
The main tendency of development of seismic protection of buildings is defined
and the direction of further researches is chosen: collecting and the analysis
Strengthening of R.C Framed Structure Using Energy Dissipating Devicespaperpublications3
Abstract: The Dampers which is added to the building scheme without any interruption to the present constituent of the building. In past days retrofitting structures are use full in the construction field however a good understanding of restraints involvement to increase the structure capacities and decreasing the seismic demand in specifically to the design process. In this work consider the energy dissipating devices for seismic strengthening of 5 stories concrete structure in this study involves viscous damping devices of V Type and Inverted V Type dampers with different effective stiffness, to prevent building damage or collapse in major earthquake.
Let talk about home, hosing and buildingsJasmine John
Building science is the collection of knowledge focusing on analyzing and controlling physical phenomena affecting buildings. It includes detailed analysis of building materials and systems. The purpose of building science is to optimize building performance and prevent failures by providing predictive capabilities. Building science strategies are implemented in arrangements of building materials and components.
PROGRAMMA ATTIVITA’ DIDATTICA A.A. 2016/17
DOTTORATO IN INGEGNERIA STRUTTURALE E GEOTECNICA
STRUCTURAL DESIGN FROM EMPIRICAL TRADITION
Lecture Series by
Thomas E. Boothby, Ph.D., P.E., R.A.
The Pennsylvania State University
Visiting Professor
Sapienza University of Rome
PROGRAMMA ATTIVITA’ DIDATTICA A.A. 2016/17
DOTTORATO IN INGEGNERIA STRUTTURALE E GEOTECNICA
___________________________________________________
STRUCTURAL DESIGN FROM EMPIRICAL TRADITION
Lecture Series by
Thomas E. Boothby, Ph.D., P.E., R.A.
The Pennsylvania State University
Visiting Professor
Sapienza University of Rome
This document summarizes a doctoral thesis on seismic isolation and energy dissipation. It discusses the theoretical basis for seismic isolation and describes different types of seismic isolation hardware and analysis procedures. It also examines energy dissipation devices and new configurations. The document presents a case study on seismic isolation of a worship structure in Sicily. It describes testing on a mock-up structure to study energy dissipation and analyzes buckling and rollout in seismic isolation systems.
The document provides an overview of historical retrofitting interventions on churches in Central Italy and evaluates their effectiveness based on damage from the 2016-2017 seismic sequence. It first reviews the main interventions carried out to mitigate seismic vulnerability, such as reinforcement with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) or steel bars. It then analyzes a sample of 600 churches that underwent past retrofitting and critically assesses the interventions based on surveyed damage data. The goal is to understand which techniques effectively improved seismic safety without compromising historical and cultural value, and inform the design of future retrofitting projects for ancient masonry structures.
This document outlines a short-term laboratory program at the National Central University from July 4-17, 2022 covering various engineering fields including structural, geotechnical, material, and environmental engineering. The program consists of lectures and demonstrations delivered by professors and graduate students focused on topics such as infrastructure monitoring using sensors, green pavement materials, centrifuge modeling, soil properties testing, and utilizing waste materials in concrete. Hands-on activities include image analysis of centrifuge tests and unmanned aerial vehicle data. The goal is to provide interdisciplinary training and research experiences to cultivate problem-solving skills for various hydrological and environmental challenges.
This document describes a study assessing the seismic vulnerability of a historical masonry building in Italy called Palazzo Bosco Lucarelli. The assessment involved a multidisciplinary approach including: (1) a historical investigation of the building and area, (2) detailed surveys, (3) material identification, (4) dynamic in-situ tests, (5) foundation soil characterization, and (6) dynamic identification using a finite element model. The results were used to evaluate the safety of the building through non-linear static analyses according to code provisions and estimate the behavior modification factor. Parametric studies were also conducted using linear dynamic and non-linear static analyses.
This document summarizes a study analyzing the seismic response of a base isolated building frame compared to a fixed-base building frame. It first reviews previous literature on base isolation systems and their increasing use. It then describes modeling a reinforced concrete frame in SAP2000 software to conduct modal and time-history analyses. Modal analysis found the first natural frequency of the fixed frame. Time-history analysis used ground motion records from the 1994 Northridge earthquake to determine displacement, velocity, and acceleration responses in the frame. The study found lower responses in lower stories for the base isolated frame compared to the fixed frame.
A general introduction on structural engineering including history and basics. And continues with the brief explanation on structural elements, loads, types and applications with uses .
“Fractal Pre-Structured” Building for (Temporary) HousingIDES Editor
The document proposes using fractal geometry as a generative principle for constructing temporary housing structures from modular prefabricated units. It discusses how fractal geometry can be applied to aggregate basic housing modules in a way that scales from the singular unit to complex multi-dimensional structures. The modular units could be shipping containers, cubes, or curved geometries assembled on-site. Aggregating the units according to fractal principles could provide efficient, portable, and adaptable housing solutions for temporary or mobile living situations like disasters or migration.
SEISMIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF LINKED TWIN TALL BUILDINGS WITH STRUCTURAL COUPLINGIAEME Publication
Effect of structural links on seismic responses for a linked building system
has been investigated in this paper by using finite element modeling technique.
The linked building system in this study is represented by twin 40-story
reinforced concrete frame-wall structures horizontally coupled by structural
links. It is assumed that the two adjacent buildings were similar in this linked
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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1. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. Mustafa Erdik – BU – Bogazici University of Istanbul Knowing the built heritage Module 2 Basic Cour s e Teaching Material Topic 2 . 7.1 Earthquake response of historical structures Educational Toolkit
3. Prof. Mustafa Erdik – BU – Bogazici University of Istanbul Abstract The current presentation examines the basic steps in studying the earthquake response of historical structures. Initially, an empirical assessment of structural performance is accomplished followed by and analytical assessment. In order to improve the earthquake performance of historic structures, stabilization and retorfit are typically implemented. The next step is to install a structural strong motion network which will provide data for the dynamic response of the real historic structure. These data, after they are analyzed and interpreted, provide the basis for the comparison of data obtained by testing models of the structure on shake table. The above five steps form an integrated methodology for studying the earthquake response of historic structures. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
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5. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures 1. Empirical Assessment of Structural Performance 2. Analytical Assessment of Structural Performance 3. Stabilization and Retrofit (Improvement of Earthquake Performance) 4. Use of Structural Strong Motion Networks: Data, Analysis, Interpretation 5. Shake Table Testing of Models Methodology for the Investigation of Earthquake Response of Historical Structures
6. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Ambient vibration Ambient Vibration testing is an important element of structural studies of complex systems. The results provide clues about the linear dynamic characteristics of the structure, which in turn help to calibrate the numerical structural models. Low amplitude vibrations emanating from daily-life sources such as traffic, human noise, wind etc. are measured by sensitive sensors. The testing system usually consists of an array of interconnected seismometers, which are placed in such a way throughout a building, to give the optimum information for its dynamic structural response. Laser displacement measuring systems also exist. Forced vibration Testing is based on assessing the dynamic properties of a building by producing man-made vibrations. The source of vibration is usually a unit with a rotating mass that is mounted on the top of a structure during testing Vibration Surveys Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
7. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Hagia Sophia Ambient Vibration Survey Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
8. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Full Finite Element Model of Hagia Sophia Finite Element Modeling Finite Element Modeling (FEM) allows the study of the behavior of the monument under various dynamic and static loading scenarios. FEM describes the building with a network of nodes and bars that correspond to the architecture of the structure Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
9. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage General Isometric View of Hagia Sophia Finite Element Model Finite Element Modeling Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
10. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Various Views of FEM of Hagia Sophia Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
11. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Basic Properties of Materials Used in Numerical Modeling of Hagia Sophia Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
12. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Basic Properties of Materials Used in Numerical Modeling of Hagia Sophia Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
13. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage In interventions the priority should be given to retrofit schemes that conform to the original construction techniques and materials . In new or innovative techniques, their compatibility, durability and reversibility need to be ensured prior to their adoption. There should be compliance between the engineering and the architectural approach for the retrofitting/repair techniques. The protection of historical buildings from earthquakes and other natural causes should follow the principles of Carta di Veneza (1964), where the rules of engagement for structural intervention has been defined order to keep the authentic value of the edifice. Damage in historical structures can result from external loading (earthquakes, settlements), removal and/or change of structural elements or simply by the decay of material properties. Stabilization and Retrofit (Improvement of Earthquake Performance) Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
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15. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Most of the damage to masonry structures is caused by lateral loads (i.e. earthquakes) especially for tall edifices with vaults and arches. Vertical loads causing stresses comparable to the compressive strength of the masonry can create vertical cracks in the walls. Lateral loads can cause diagonal tension cracks in the walls. The use of ring beams and exterior gravity walls (‘counterfort’) were the main choices for retrofitting of old masonry structures . Another traditional technique to increase the strength of masonry walls is to strengthen the connection between different structural elements with reinforced injections or with stiffening elements (i.e. longitudinal and/or transverse reinforcing elements and tie bars). Stabilization and Retrofit (Improvement of Earthquake Performance) Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
16. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage The structural performance of arches and vaults are controlled by the quality of the springers. Differential settlement and movement of springers leads to formation of hinges and eventual collapse in strong earthquakes. The use of tie bars at the springing level and/or external buttresses are the most common protective retrofit measures. Horizontal tie bars, vertical post tensioning and diaphragms can be used to improve the earthquake performance of tall historical structures such as towers and minarets. Stabilization and Retrofit (Improvement of Earthquake Performance) Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
17. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Retrofit Proposal for Hagia Sophia Existing information regarding historical partial collapses, as well as locations of stress concentrations from linear analysis; and yield propagation and numerical collapse scenarios from the non-linear transient dynamic analysis provide relevant evidence that the detachment of the eastern and western semidomes from the eastern and western main arches constitute the most important collapse mechanism in Hagia Sophia in the event of a large earthquake. One possible preventive action against this mechanism is to install tension links by means of suitable anchorages is proposed to avoid detachment and to ensure a uniform dynamic behavior of semi-domes and the eastern and western main arches. Stabilization and Retrofit (Improvement of Earthquake Performance) Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
18. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage E-W Section of the eastern portion of Hagia Sophia showing the anchorage bars between eastern main arch and the eastern semidome. Stabilization and Retrofit (Improvement of Earthquake Performance) Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
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20. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Hagia Sophia Strong Motion Recording Array Monitoring the structure Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
21. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Accelerations recorded by the Hagia Sophia array during the 12 November 1999 Düzce earthquake Dynamic response of Hagia Sophia Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
22. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage First mode of vibration of Hagia Sophia. Dominant sense of vibration EW Dynamic response of Hagia Sophia Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
23. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Second mode of vibration of Hagia Sophia. Dominant sense of vibration NS Dynamic response of Hagia Sophia Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
24. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Shake Table, Pseudo Dynamic and Cyclic Tests Shake table tests are performed on models of the historical structures. Test helps to understand the response of the structural system to earthquake with different amplitude and frequency characteristics, to investigate the vulnerabilities of the system and to understand the collapse patterns. Shake tables are also effectively used in understanding and testing of methods for earthquake strengthening. Modeling the dynamic response of a real structure Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
25. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Shake-table testing of the model of the Hagia Irene case study Modeling the dynamic response of a real structure Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
26. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Shake-table testing of the model of the Hagia Irene case study Modeling the dynamic response of a real structure Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
27. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Finite Element Model of Hagia Irene Modeling the dynamic response of a real structure Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
28. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 2.5.1. Earthquake response of historical structures Finite Element Model and shake table test of Hagia Irene Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
29. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Shake-table testing of the model of the St. Nikita church (Gavrilovic, 2001) Modeling the dynamic response of a real structure Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures
30. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Palazzo Geraci in Palermo-Large Scale Model for Pseudo Dynamic Testing (ELSA, http://tintin.jrc.it/hdocs) Modeling the dynamic response of a real structure Prof. Mustafa Erdik– Topic 2 .7.1 : Earthquake response of historical structures