This document summarizes a study analyzing the seismic response of a base isolated building frame compared to a fixed-base building frame. It first reviews previous literature on base isolation systems and their increasing use. It then describes modeling a reinforced concrete frame in SAP2000 software to conduct modal and time-history analyses. Modal analysis found the first natural frequency of the fixed frame. Time-history analysis used ground motion records from the 1994 Northridge earthquake to determine displacement, velocity, and acceleration responses in the frame. The study found lower responses in lower stories for the base isolated frame compared to the fixed frame.
CCTV Building, A Structural Design OverviewPeter Bach
The CCTV building is one of the several big Beijing Olympic projects, which houses the headquarters for the Chinese Central Television Network. Its design shows unique style, but great structural engineering challenges to overcome. The following presentation provides an overview of how these challenges were overcome. (Presented at Monash University, Department of Civil Engineering, August 2008).
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OUTRIGGER STRUCTURE WITH DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONSIEI GSC
Presentation on COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OUTRIGGER STRUCTURE WITH DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS made by Nilesh Prajapati under guidance of Ms Pooja Mistry & prepared by Jugal Senghani at #33NCCE #IEIGSC
CCTV Building, A Structural Design OverviewPeter Bach
The CCTV building is one of the several big Beijing Olympic projects, which houses the headquarters for the Chinese Central Television Network. Its design shows unique style, but great structural engineering challenges to overcome. The following presentation provides an overview of how these challenges were overcome. (Presented at Monash University, Department of Civil Engineering, August 2008).
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OUTRIGGER STRUCTURE WITH DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONSIEI GSC
Presentation on COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OUTRIGGER STRUCTURE WITH DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS made by Nilesh Prajapati under guidance of Ms Pooja Mistry & prepared by Jugal Senghani at #33NCCE #IEIGSC
A general introduction on structural engineering including history and basics. And continues with the brief explanation on structural elements, loads, types and applications with uses .
Structural systems in high rise building and analysis methodsDP NITHIN
This presentation is about the structural systems in tall buildings and also consists of overview of methods of analysis in tall buildings like linear and non linear seismic analysis.
Lezione del 17 dicembre 2015 dell'Ing. Konstantinos Gkoumas al Corso di Costruzioni Metalliche del Prof. Ing. Franco Bontempi, Facolta' di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale, Universita' degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza.
REVIEW ON BEHAVIOUR OF DIAGRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGJournal For Research
Diagrid structures are an exterior structures which is consisting of diagonal struts and ties in the periphery and an interior core. These diagonal members carry gravity load and lateral load by the axial action of member. Due to the structural efficiency of diagrids, interior and corner columns can be eliminated thereby providing flexibility in the floor plan. The diagrid structures are emerging as popular structural system in many developed countries of the world, but in India it is yet to gain importance. This paper presents a review on the literature of diagrid structures. Studies conducted on diagrid structures to determine the diagrid angle for most economical design. The objective of this paper is to study the performance of diagird structural system in high rise building subjected to lateral load. Study of the literature is reviewed in this paper on behavior of diagrid structure by compare with conventional structure for parameter like time period, top storey displacement, storey shear, storey drift and steel weight.
A general introduction on structural engineering including history and basics. And continues with the brief explanation on structural elements, loads, types and applications with uses .
Structural systems in high rise building and analysis methodsDP NITHIN
This presentation is about the structural systems in tall buildings and also consists of overview of methods of analysis in tall buildings like linear and non linear seismic analysis.
Lezione del 17 dicembre 2015 dell'Ing. Konstantinos Gkoumas al Corso di Costruzioni Metalliche del Prof. Ing. Franco Bontempi, Facolta' di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale, Universita' degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza.
REVIEW ON BEHAVIOUR OF DIAGRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGJournal For Research
Diagrid structures are an exterior structures which is consisting of diagonal struts and ties in the periphery and an interior core. These diagonal members carry gravity load and lateral load by the axial action of member. Due to the structural efficiency of diagrids, interior and corner columns can be eliminated thereby providing flexibility in the floor plan. The diagrid structures are emerging as popular structural system in many developed countries of the world, but in India it is yet to gain importance. This paper presents a review on the literature of diagrid structures. Studies conducted on diagrid structures to determine the diagrid angle for most economical design. The objective of this paper is to study the performance of diagird structural system in high rise building subjected to lateral load. Study of the literature is reviewed in this paper on behavior of diagrid structure by compare with conventional structure for parameter like time period, top storey displacement, storey shear, storey drift and steel weight.
Seismic Analysis of Framed R.C. Structure with Base Isolation Technique using...ijtsrd
A Natural Calamity like an earthquake has taken a million lives throughout in our past. The force induced due to earthquake is dangerous and last for short duration of time. There are various techniques that can be used resist the force of an earthquake such as base isolation, bracing etc. The principle of base isolation is to isolate the structure from the motion of an earthquake and protect the structure and also reduce the force being transmitted to the building due to earthquake. For this study, G 13 storied R.C. frame building is considered and time history analysis is carried out using E Tabs 2017 software, and also study investigates structural behavior of multi story building with or without base isolation subjected earthquake ground motion. The Lead Rubber Bearing LRB is designed as per UBC 97 code and the same was used for the analysis of base isolation system. Here we shall studying earthquake resistivity of structure by analyzing the base isolation structure to compare its structural performance with fixed base isolation. Rohan G Raikar | Dr. Shivakumaraswamy | Dr. S Vijaya | M. K Darshan "Seismic Analysis of Framed R.C. Structure with Base Isolation Technique using E-Tabs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33166.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33166/seismic-analysis-of-framed-rc-structure-with-base-isolation-technique-using-etabs/rohan-g-raikar
Strengthening of R.C Framed Structure Using Energy Dissipating Devicespaperpublications3
Abstract: The Dampers which is added to the building scheme without any interruption to the present constituent of the building. In past days retrofitting structures are use full in the construction field however a good understanding of restraints involvement to increase the structure capacities and decreasing the seismic demand in specifically to the design process. In this work consider the energy dissipating devices for seismic strengthening of 5 stories concrete structure in this study involves viscous damping devices of V Type and Inverted V Type dampers with different effective stiffness, to prevent building damage or collapse in major earthquake.
Earthquake resistant structure By Engr. Ghulam Yasin TaunsviShan Khan
The resistance structure is structures designed to withstand earthquakes. While no structure can be entirely immune to damage from earthquakes, the goal of earthquake-resistant construction is to erect structures that fare better during seismic activity than their conventional counterparts.
The base isolation system is well-known as a sophisticated device for reducing
earthquake energy that a building structure is subjected to under earthquake impact.
Currently, many researchers are attempting to develop low-cost base isolation
intended for low-rise buildings by replacing steel reinforcement with an alternative
material. In this research project, the seismic response of residential housing units
that used perforated-reinforced elastomeric isolators (PREIs) within one- and twostory
reinforced concrete (RC), are investigated. The nonlinear dynamic analysis
(time history) considered seven ground motions to assess the seismic performance of
the structure under extreme earthquake shaking. The nonlinear dynamic analysis
method was developed to provide a more realistic model of structural response to
strong ground shaking. The lateral displacement, inter-story drift, base shear,
acceleration and overturning moment were analyzed to ensure that the low-rise
building behaved elastically under strong ground motion without any damage on both
nonstructural and structural components. The results illustrated that the application
of the isolators in the low-rise building was reliable in providing low horizontal
stiffness and a longer fundamental period. In addition, the study illustrated the
advantage of applying isolators in the upper structure, reducing base shear,
acceleration and drift ratio drastically. The large lateral displacement of the isolator
played an important role in the stability of the isolated structure. Therefore, special
attention must be paid in the design process of the isolator to guarantee suitable
response of the upper structure under strong earthquake shaking.
“ Study of Sesmic Analysis of Masonry Wall Structure”IJERA Editor
Earthquakes are natural trouble under which disasters are mainly caused by damage or collapse of the structure and other man-made structures. When an earthquake occurs natural period of vibration is more on heavy loaded building and less in light loaded building. If the building is light weighted, i.e. steel is less then economy of structure is also achieved. Hence it is necessary to find out natural/fundamental time period when mass changes with different type of brick masonry and concrete masonry.This is necessary because IS 1893:2002 does not incorporate the effect of mass in a formula which they have mentioned for brick masonary structure. Thedesign will also analyze with ETAB software.
Comparative Study of Seismic Analysis of Building with Light Weight and Conve...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In recent decades, the lightweight materials are used
in construction instead of conventional material. Lightweight
construction is considered to be favourable due to the saving
in construction cost and materials. AAC block is a lightweight
structural material with excellent acoustic and thermal
insulation properties. Due to the use of lightweight material in
construction in seismic zone reduce the percentage of
damages. In this paper the attempt has been made to carry out
the project comparative study of seismic analysis of building
with lightweight and conventional material. Structural model
of multi storey building (G+3) and analysis is carried out in
STAAD-Pro by RSM (Response Spectrum Method). Building
using infill AAC (Autoclaved aerated concrete) block and
conventional clay brick masonry are designed for the same
seismic hazard in accordance with the applicable provisions
given in Indian codes. The analytical results of the buildings
will be compared. The project is also aimed at getting
familiarity with STAAD-Pro.2008.
Similar to Background Study of Base Isolated Structure and Analysis of Base Isolated Frame (20)
Exploring the Experiences of Gender-Based Violence
and The Associated Psychosocial and Mental Health
Issues of Filipino HIV-Positives: Implications for
Psychological Practice
Evangeline R Castronuevo-Ruga1, Normita A Atrillano2
Abstract: The phenomenon of gender-based violence has generated attention from research practitioners and helping professionals since
the surge of the women’s movement three or so decades ago in the Philippines. At about the same time, the HIV-AIDS gained similar
attention with the disclosure of the first ever case of the country in the mid-80s. Only recently, however, has the intersectionality of these
two phenomena been looked into by the research community in other countries and has yet to see parallel response locally. This research,
therefore, attempts to map out the lived experiences of People Living with Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (PLHIV) who have undergone
gender-based violence (GBV). It specially looks into the consequent psychosocial and mental health issues. Using focus group discussion with
24 purposively sampled participants from the highly vulnerable groups based in three major Philippine cities, thematic analysis reveals that
the participants experienced various forms of gender-based violence, e.g., sexual, emotional/psychological, economic, verbal, physical) and
expressions of stigma and discrimination, which in turn, led to manifestations of different emotional and psychological trauma, depression,
internalized homophobia, greater health risks and risk-taking behaviours, among others. It might be worthwhile to consider the possibility
that the consequent risk-taking and self-injurious tendencies played a role in their eventual contraction of HIV.
Estimation of Storage-Draft Rate Characteristics of
Rivers in Selangor Region
Farah Syazana Abd Latif1, Siti Fatin Mohd Razali2
1,2Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Abstract: Drought is a phenomenon of extreme water shortage that has significant economic, social, environmental and human life
impact. Streamflow drought characteristics and properties are useful in the design of hydro-technical projects, water resources planning and
management purposes. Information on low flow magnitude, frequency, probability and return period are very crucial in analysing
streamflow drought at the operational level in public water supply. The objectives of this study are to determine the characteristics of low
flow for every streamflow station in the Selangor region. The estimation of minimum storage draft-rate with the probability of low flow
return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 years is presented in this paper.
Awwal-Awwal Tampat Budjang Journey Back to
Pre-Islamic Epoch: A Cultural Semiotic
Helen G Juaini1
Abstract: Cultural background plays a significant role in the sphere of semiotics. Semiotics as a discipline is recognized as a useful tool in
gauging cultural background and identifying signs that might represent the message of a certain work. Given the rich cultural context of
Tawi-Tawi oral literature this can be used in studying semiotics. Semiotic tools were employed to interpret the awwal-awwal as provided by
the respondents and to formulate a subsequent understanding of this oral literature in relation to the Sama’s claim of sacredness of Tampat
Budjang.
Politeness and Intimacy in Application Letters of
Three Cultural Groups in Mindanao
Helen G Juaini1
Abstract: 150 application letters from the three cultural groups in Mindano, namely Sinama, Subanen, and Tausug have been analysed
in a mixed-method design. The focus of the study is on the two features of politeness and intimacy. In the quantitative analysis, the model
proposed by Brown & Levinson (1987) and that of Columns (2005) which have drawn upon the features of indirectness in requesting and
the length of letters as the indicators of politeness are used. In the qualitative and descriptive analysis formality in salutation and opening
clause as well as the use of abbreviated forms are taken into account. The result shows that Tausug use the politest style in their application
letters, followed by Sinama and Subanen respectively. On the other hand, Sinama, Subanen, and Tausug use the least intimate style in their
business letters. The findings are hoped to help better inter-cultural understanding, especially with respect to written rhetorical
characteristics.
New Authentication Algorithm for IoT Environment
based on Non-Commutative Algebra and Its
Implementation
Maki Kihara1, Satoshi Iriyama2
1,2Tokyo University of Science
Abstract: Recently, IoT devices such as robots, speakers, domestic electrical appliances and smart devices are provided everywhere for
everyone. While their authentication request is quite ubiquitously, namely, an authentication for sharing services, the actual
implementations are patchy schemes of variety security policies. In this study, we propose the new authentication scheme for IoT devices
without certificate authority which is fast enough as well as secure. The verification algorithm is based on suitable ciphered metric. We
define a class of such verifiable encryption and give an example for authentication. Moreover, we show the implementation which keeps
perfect secrecy by means of Shannon’s theory.
Developing a Strategic Organisational Learning
Framework to Improve Caribbean Disaster
Management Performance
Joanne Persad1
Abstract: Disasters are social constructs and require an agility and adaptability from national disaster organisations (NDOs). The
environment in which NDOs operate are complex adaptive systems environment, and organisational learning as a key approach is considered
fundamental to strengthening the ability of an NDO to perform at its best. With the potential for loss of lives, the destruction of critical
infrastructure and housing and to the risk of setting back a country’s economic development by many years, learning from the lessons of the
past, to reduce the negative impacts is critical for the onward growth of Caribbean countries which, for the most part, are small island
developing states. The Caribbean Region is the one of the most hazard prone regions in the world (Walbrent College 2012). Lessons from
disaster impacts are identified, gaps are well documented, and failures are sometimes exposed. But learning, in terms of making changes to
improve systems, performance and resilience, is questionable. The lessons must be applied for change to occur, this is part of the knowledge
management process in the context of disaster organisations. The purpose of this study is to explore the apparent inability of national
disaster organizations in the Caribbean to apply the lessons learnt from previous disasters. Three (3) Caribbean countries have been selected
for this research. It is a multiple case study where the unit of analysis is the national disaster organisation. This study is based on an
interpretive paradigm.
Combating Climate Change and Land Degradation in
The West African Sahel: A Multi-Country Study of
Mali, Niger and Senegal
S A Igbatayo1
1Head, Department of Economics & Management Studies, AFE Babalola University, Nigeria
Abstract: The West African Sahel is a vast ecological zone separating the Sahara Desert to the north and Sudanian savannah to the
south; traversing Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, northern Nigeria and Chad. With a population estimated at more than 60 million
people, the region features a multiplicity of development challenges. It is home to some of the world’s most impoverished people, whose
livelihoods are mostly reliant on rain-fed agriculture. Characterized by semi-arid vegetation, the West African Sahel is one of the most
environmentally degraded ecosystems in the world. The region faces severe and recurring bouts of droughts since the 1980s, jeopardizing
environmental sustainability. During the past four decades, the West African Sahel has witnessed below-average annual precipitation, with
two severe drought periods in 1972-1973 and 1983–1984, in a development that undermined agricultural productivity and spawned
severe land degradation. Various studies have predicted even more severe climate variability and change in the region, with drier and more
frequent dry periods expected. The intergovernmental Panel on climate change (IPCC, 2007) revealed a decline in annual rainfall in West
Africa since the end of the 1960s, with a reduction of 20% to 40% observed in the periods 1931-1960 and 1968–1990. Repeated
droughts, fuelled by climate change, have undermined land productivity, turning arable soils into marginal lands, and rendering land
resources vulnerable to such anthropogenic activities as over-grazing, agricultural intensification and deforestation, which are common
practices across the region. The major objective of this paper is to shed light on climate change and land degradation patterns in the West
African Sahel. It employs empirical data to analyse the trends, with particular emphasis on Mali, Niger and Senegal. The study reveals
considerable threats posed by the twin scourges of climate change and land degradation to food security, environmental sustainability and
regional stability.
Combating Climate Change and Land Degradation in
The West African Sahel: A Multi-Country Study of
Mali, Niger and Senegal
S A Igbatayo1
1Head, Department of Economics & Management Studies, AFE Babalola University, Nigeria
Abstract: The West African Sahel is a vast ecological zone separating the Sahara Desert to the north and Sudanian savannah to the
south; traversing Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, northern Nigeria and Chad. With a population estimated at more than 60 million
people, the region features a multiplicity of development challenges. It is home to some of the world’s most impoverished people, whose
livelihoods are mostly reliant on rain-fed agriculture. Characterized by semi-arid vegetation, the West African Sahel is one of the most
environmentally degraded ecosystems in the world. The region faces severe and recurring bouts of droughts since the 1980s, jeopardizing
environmental sustainability. During the past four decades, the West African Sahel has witnessed below-average annual precipitation, with
two severe drought periods in 1972-1973 and 1983–1984, in a development that undermined agricultural productivity and spawned
severe land degradation. Various studies have predicted even more severe climate variability and change in the region, with drier and more
frequent dry periods expected. The intergovernmental Panel on climate change (IPCC, 2007) revealed a decline in annual rainfall in West
Africa since the end of the 1960s, with a reduction of 20% to 40% observed in the periods 1931-1960 and 1968–1990. Repeated
droughts, fuelled by climate change, have undermined land productivity, turning arable soils into marginal lands, and rendering land
resources vulnerable to such anthropogenic activities as over-grazing, agricultural intensification and deforestation, which are common
practices across the region. The major objective of this paper is to shed light on climate change and land degradation patterns in the West
African Sahel. It employs empirical data to analyse the trends, with particular emphasis on Mali, Niger and Senegal. The study reveals
considerable threats posed by the twin scourges of climate change and land degradation to food security, environmental sustainability and
regional stability. It also presents a policy framework underpinned by climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, formalizing land
rights for farmers, subsidizing farm inputs, creating grazing reserves for pastoralists and deepening poverty reduction strategies.
A Study on Factor Affecting Textile
Entrepreneurship – A Special Emphasis on Tirupur
District
P Anbuoli1
1Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Mannar Thirumalai Naicker College, India
Abstract: Entrepreneurial success depends on various factors associated with the business, the entrepreneurs’ wishes to start. Entrepreneurs
need some sort of inspirations to succeed in their business ventures. Being a versatile industry, textile attracts many entrepreneurs both urban
and rural peoples and requires minimal investment to start. Textile entrepreneurs have to face several challenges and prospects associated
with their business. This study has been commenced with the objectives to check demographic profile, factors affecting textile entrepreneurs,
encouragement of external factors and personal reason behind to become textile business entrepreneurs. This study has been carried out with
100 textile entrepreneurs; the sample has been selected by using simple random sampling. This study is also carried out with non-disguised
and structured questionnaire; which consists of four parts with seeking information on demographic profile, factors affecting textile
entrepreneurs, external encouraging factors and personal reason to become textile entrepreneurs. This study uses percentage analysis, factor
analysis, Garrett score ranking, and t-test to analyse the data collected. It was concluded that textile entrepreneurs have been encouraged by
various factors and moreover several factors significantly affect their business.
Factors Affecting Consumer Purchase Behaviour
towards Online Clothing Products in Bangladesh
T Islam1
1BRAC Business School, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abstract: The online clothing businesses have seen a considerable rise in recent times, with a high and growing demand. The purpose of
this study is to determine the factors that play significant roles in creating purchase intention towards the online clothing products in
Bangladesh. Secondary research was used to build the model of customer purchase intention. A structured questionnaire was employed to
gather data and test the model. Factor analysis and regression were used to test the model. The regression model suggested that customer
purchase intention was induced most by the online marketing activities of the online retailers, followed by pricing strategy implemented and
sense of security provided (in that order). To understand customer purchase intentions better, it may be important to look at additional
factors or seek better measures of the constructs. The study suggests that online retailers should heavily focus on online promotions and
pricing.
Improvement Measures on Wage System of
Construction Skilled Worker in South Korea
Kun-Hyung Lee1, Byung-Uk Jo2, Kyeoung-Min Han3, Chang-Baek Son4
1,2,3Graduate, School of Architectural Engineering, Semyung University, Jecheon-si, South Korea
4Professor, Department of Architectural Engineering, Semyung University, Jecheon-si, South Korea
Abstract: Unlike other industries, the construction industry is characterized by its heavy dependence on labour force with most work done
by workers. Still, the industry is witnessing the declining influx of young workers and the rising turnover rates of skilled workers due to such
issues as the advancement of 3D industry, negative image and absence of an established wage system. Hence, this paper proposes an
alternative scheme that would help improve the wage system and work environment for skilled construction workers in Korea.
Mastering the Recycling of Masonry while building
Tadao Ando’s Private Gallery in Lincoln Park,
Chicago
Daniel Joseph Whittaker1
Abstract: The notion of a great presence of masonry rarely conjures up the likes of buildings by master architect, Tadao Ando san of
Osaka, Japan, who is better known for his sublime shaping of space with planar forms of site-cast concrete. Perhaps though, one may recall
the ‘historical intervention’ on a grand scale—the now nine-year-old Punta Della Dogan a project (2009) in Venice, Italy, as prima facie
evidence of his dialogue with a vast quantity of ancient masonry in the Laguna. However, a new project by Ando, recently opened in
Chicago, Illinois (October 2018), presents the private-museum-gallery-going public with a new North American delight. Here, the senses
are able to indulge in a hybrid set of experiences shaped by masonry, concrete, and white painted plaster surfaces. This paper explores how
the modern concrete master has expanded his dynamic architectural vocabulary utilizing what is known as Chicago common brick: a soft,
Lake Michigan-sand and clay based fired brick, and incorporated it into his most recent private commission located in Lincoln Park,
Chicago.
RRI Buffer Based Energy and Computation Efficient
Cache Replacement Algorithm
Muhammad Shahid1
1Computer Science Department, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad
Abstract: Energy consumption is an important factor of com-mutational power these days. Large scale energy consumption results in bad
system performance and high cost. To access frequently used data, we place it in Cache. Cache provides us opportunity to access that data in
a small time. Cache memory helps in retrieving data in minimum time improving the system performance and reducing power consumption.
Due to limited size of Cache, replacement algorithms used to make space for new data. There are many existing cache replacement
algorithms for example LRU, LFU, MRU, FIFO etc. Existing algorithms consume a lot of energy while replacing cold blocks of data.
Replacement algorithms are usually designed to reduce miss rate and increase hit rate. These algorithms replace cold blocks (not going to use
in future) and due to large number of cold blocks, they consume lot of energy. This paper proposes an energy and computation efficient cache
replacement algorithm that put only hot blocks in action instead of removing cold blocks. This paper also discusses different replacement
algorithms proposed in different papers and compare these algorithms on basis of different parameters mainly energy consumption. In our
experiments we have found LRU and FIFO as best replacement algorithms for Increased hit rates and Energy efficiency respectively.
Key Performance Index of Increasing Air Quality
with Construction Schedule Control
Hyoung-Chul Lim1, Dongheon Lee2, Dong-Eun Lee3, Daeyoung Kim4
1Professor, 2Doctorial Course, School of Architectural Engineering, Changwon National University, Korea
3Professor, School of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Korea
4Professor, Department of Architecture, Kyungnam University, Korea
Abstract: Recently, air quality in residential spaces has been major concern. In particular, the indoor air quality of residential facility
before occupancy, which is related to the interior material, is a serious problem. existing research has mainly focused on pollution control
after construction, but this research has derived I key performance index I about increasing air quality and priority of management with a
controlling schedule. That is the objectives of research. The results show the relative priority of the four major items in wall‐based apartment
buildings and in column‐based apartment buildings. An analysis of the parties responsible for improvement based on the IAQ results shows
more efforts to improve IAQ are needed in material factories and engineering/design companies.
Exploring Revitalization Solutions: Engaging
Community through Media Architecture
Behzad Shojaedingivi1
1University of Tehran
Abstract: This paper aims to investigate Media Architecture and its potentials for culturally based revitalization. Media Architecture
presents a new approach based on Augmentation concepts, in which projects are designed and implemented adopting contemporary mediums
in an aesthetic way in order to attract the presence of a more cultural audience and increase the participation of the local residents.
Ultimately this will lead to an increase of interaction between different classes in neglected areas and strengthen their connection to their
built environment. This is an interdisciplinary approach in which architecture and contemporary mediums are combined aesthetically with
the aim of creating revival solutions in neglected areas.
Criteria of Creating Social Interaction for Green
Open Space in Karkh, Iraq
Sarah Abdulkareem Salih1, Sumarni Ismail2
1Master Student, 2Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Abstract: This paper outlines the issue on open spaces, which led to decrease social interaction among residents in Baghdad city
nowadays. The main objective of the paper is to identify the criteria of green open spaces to achieve sound social interaction in Baghdad city,
Iraq. This paper employed quantitative method, in the form of survey, for data collection. Data were obtained from questionnaires, through
the selection of 270 respondents in a single-stage random procedure from ten specific neighbourhoods in Karkh district. The study findings
confirm that open spaces and parks is essential to enhance social interaction by implementing appropriate criteria in that open spaces or
parks. The results of this study are useful reference for urban and landscape planners, architects, social psychologists, the Municipality of
Baghdad, and researchers in this field.
The CoreConferences 2019 held on 20th – 21st March, 2019, in collaboration with Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties (ASDF), an International body, at Taipei, Taiwan. CoreConferences 2019 provides a chance for Academic and Industry professionals to discuss the recent progress in the area of Multiple. The outcome of the conference will trigger for the further related research and future technological improvement. This conference highlights the novel concepts and improvements related to the research and technology.
ICCOTWT 2018 will be the most comprehensive conference focused on the various aspects of Cloud of Things and Wearable Technologies. This Conference provides a chance for academic and industry professionals to discuss recent progress in the area of Cloud of Things and Wearable Technologies. Furthermore, we expect that the conference and its publications will be a trigger for further related research and technology improvements in this important subject.
The goal of this conference is to bring together the researchers from academia and industry as well as practitioners to share ideas, problems and solutions relating to the multifaceted aspects of Cloud of Things and Wearable Technologies.
The International Conference on Computer, Engineering, Law, Education and Management (ICCELEM 2017)” held on 28 - 29th September 2017, in collaboration with Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties (ASDF), an International body, at The Westin Chosun Seoul, Seoul, South Korea.
The Third International Conference on “Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology (ICSSCCET 2017)” held on 16 - 17th February 2017, in collaboration with Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties (ASDF), an International body, at Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College, Hyderabad, India, Asia.
The First International Conference on “Advanced Innovations in Engineering and Technology (ICAIET 2017)” held on 14th - 15th Feb 2017, in collaboration with Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties (ASDF), an International body, at Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, India, Asia.
The First International Conference on “Intelligent Computing and Systems (ICICS 2017)” held on 13th - 14th February 2017, in collaboration with Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties (ASDF), an International body, at NSN College of Engineering and Technology, Karur, Tamilnadu, India, Asia.
The First International Conference on “Advances & Challenges in Interdisciplinary Engineering and Management 2017 (ICACIEM 2017)” held on 11 – 12th February 2017, in collaboration with Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties (ASDF), an International body, at Vidyaa Vikas College of Engineering and Technology, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India, Asia.
Wireless sensor networks can provide low cost solution accompanied with limited storage, computational capability and power for verity of real-world problems and become essential factor when sensor nodes are arbitrarily deployed in a hostile environment. The cluster head selection technique is also one of the good approaches to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. The lifetime of wireless sensor networks is extended by using the uniform cluster head selection and balancing the network loading among the clusters. We have reviewed various energy efficient schemes apply in WSNs of which we concentrated on selection of cluster head approach and proposed an new method called Sleep Scheduling Routing with in clusters for Energy Efficient [SSREE]in which some nodes in clusters are usually put to sleep to conserve energy, and this helps to prolong the network lifetime. EASSR selects a node as a cluster head if its residual energy is more than system average energy and have less energy consumption rate in previous round. Then, an Performance analysis and compared statistic results of SSREE shows of the significant improvement over existing protocol LEACH, SEP and M-GEAR protocol in terms of lifetime of network and data units gathered at BS.
Due to rapid urbanization the manufacturing processes of conventional building materials pollutes air, water and land. Hence in order to fulfil the increasing demand it is required to adopt a cost effective, eco-friendly technologies by improving the traditional techniques with the usage of available local materials. Agro – industrial and other solid waste disposal is another serious issue of concern in most of developing countries. The present paper explores the potential application of agro-waste as an ingredient for alternate sustainable construction materials.
There has been an ever-increasing interest in big data due to its rapid growth and since it covers diverse areas of applications. Hence, there seems to be a need for an analytical review of recent developments in the big data technology. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the big data state of the art, conceptual explorations, major benefits, and research challenging aspects. In addition to that, several future directions for big data research are highlighted.
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2. International Conference on Inter Disciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology 96
Cite this article as: Akil Ahmed. “Background Study of Base Isolated Structure and Analysis of Base
Isolated Frame”. International Conference on Inter Disciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology
(2016): 95-100. Print.
the wall of RC frame which in turn generates lateral pressures (i.e. base shear) and overturning moment. The failure occurs also as the
RC structure buckles due to axial compression, toppling of the frame structure, failure of floors, failure if roof and uplift of the
anchorage system.
“Earthquake proof structures” generally mean the structures which resist the earthquake and save and maintain their functions. The key
points for their design includes select good ground for the site, make them light, make them strong, make them ductile, shift the
natural period of the structures from the predominant period of earthquake motion, heighten the damping capacity.
Izumi Masanory [1] studied on the remained literature, the first base isolated structure was proposed by Kawai in 1981 after the Nobi
Earthquake (M=8.0) on journal of Architecture and building Science. His structure has rollers at its foundation mat of logs put on
several steps by lengthwise and crosswise manually. After the San Francisco Earthquake (M=7.8) an English doctor J.A. Calantarients
patented a construction by putting a talc between the foundations in 1909. The first base isolated systems actually constructed in the
world are the Fudo Bank Buildings in Himeji and Simonoseki, Japan designed by R. Oka. After the world War-II, the U.S took a
leading part of Earthquake Engineering. Garevski A et al. [2] The primary school "Pestalozzi" in Skopje, built in 1969, is the first
building in the world for which natural rubber isolators were used for its protection against strong earthquakes. The first base isolated
building in the United States is the Foothill Communities of Law And Justice Centre completed in 1985 having four stories high with a
full basement and sub-basement for isolation system which consists of 98 isolators of multilayered natural rubber bearings reinforced
with steel plates. The Superstructure of the building has a Structural Steel frame stiffened by braced frames in some Bays. In India, base
isolation technique was first demonstrated after the 1993 Killari (Maharashtra) Earthquake [EERI, 1999]. Two single storey buildings
(one school building and another shopping complex building) in newly relocated Killari town were built with rubber base isolators
resting on hard ground. Both were brick masonry buildings with concrete roof. After the 2001 Bhuj (Gujarat) earthquake, the four-
storey Bhuj Hospital building was built with base isolation technique [4]. The Base isolation system has been introduced in some books
of dynamic Engineering and the number of scholars has been increasing in the world.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The studies presented for literature review are categorized as:
• Nonlinear dynamic Analysis of framed structure.
• Relative performance of Fixed-base and Base-isolated concrete frames.
• Base Isolated Structures subjected to near-fault earthquakes
• Effect of Superstructure Stiffening on base isolation.
Nonlinear dynamic Analysis of framed structure
Constantinou et al. [3] described in this paper an analytical model and an algorithm to analyze multiple buildings on a common
isolation system and the results are used to demonstrate the importance of analyzing the combined system as against analyzing
individual buildings. Jain and Thakkar [4] explored the idea of superstructure stiffening is to enhance the effectiveness of base isolation
for 10 to 20 storeys range of buildings. The superstructure stiffening may result in reduced fixed base period and such buildings, if base
isolated may develop smaller seismic response. Jangid and Kulkarni [5] made a comparison in this study of the seismic response of a
multi-storey base-isolated building by idealizing the superstructure as rigid and flexible. The top floor acceleration and bearing
displacement of the system are plotted.
Relative performance of Fixed-base and Base-isolated concrete frames
Shenton and Lin [6] compared the performance of code designed fixed-base and base-isolated concrete frames in a quantitative
manner. Time-history analyses were conducted. Bezerra and Carneiro [7] presented a paper which deals with numerical evaluation of
the efficiency of anti-vibration mechanisms applied to typical frame structures under earthquake. The building structure is modelled by
finite elements, an anti-vibration mechanism is placed at the building base with special finite element, and an artificial earthquake
equivalent to El Centro is generated and applied at the building base. The behaviour of the frame, with and without anti-vibration
mechanisms, is compared. Providakis [8] carried out nonlinear time history analyses using a commercial structural analysis software
package to study the influence of isolation damping on base and superstructure drift. Aiken et al. [9] documented in their paper the
seismic behaviour of four seismically isolated buildings from their recorded response for earthquakes producing various amplitudes and
durations of shaking. It considers the responses of multiple buildings to multiple earthquakes.
Base Isolated Structures subjected to near-fault earthquakes:
Mazza and Vulcano [10] studied the nonlinear seismic response of base-isolated framed buildings subjected to near-fault earthquakes to
analyze the effects of supplemental damping at the level of the isolation system, commonly adopted to avoid overly large isolators.
Aiken et al. [11] described the results of a study of an existing seismically isolated building in Southern California which are located
near San Andreas Fault, San Jacinto fault and south frontal fault zone. Analysis result for three levels of earthquake was presented and
recommendations are made.
3. International Conference on Inter Disciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology 97
Cite this article as: Akil Ahmed. “Background Study of Base Isolated Structure and Analysis of Base
Isolated Frame”. International Conference on Inter Disciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology
(2016): 95-100. Print.
Effect of Superstructure Stiffening on Base Isolation:
Jain and Thakkar [12] explored the idea of superstructure stiffening is to enhance the effectiveness of base isolation for 10 to 20 storeys
range of buildings. The superstructure stiffening may result in reduced fixed base period and such buildings, if base isolation may
develop smaller seismic response. Jangid and Kulkarni [13] made a comparison of the seismic response of a multi-storey base-isolated
building by idealizing the superstructure as rigid and flexible with the corresponding response under rigid superstructure conditions to
study the influence of superstructure flexibility under various isolation system parameters (i.e. isolation period, damping, yield
strength of the elastomeric bearings and friction coefficient of sliding systems).
MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
The greatest interest in structural engineering is the deformation of the system, or displacement u(t) of the mass relative to the moving
ground, to which the internal forces are linearly related.
Knowing the total displacement u(t) and acceleration of a structure during an earthquake adequate step can be taken to prevent its
failure during earthquake. After equating the acceleration and displacement of a structure, the cause of damage to several buildings
during earthquake is reduced.
The frame modeling is based on the approach used in the computer program SAP2000 14. SAP2000 14 is object based software,
meaning that the models are created using members that represent the physical reality. This idealizes the system into a lumped mass
and a mass less supporting system.
The RC structure was first equated without the Based Isolator and its natural frequency was calculated w.r.t. time. Dynamic
characteristics of the structure such as natural frequencies and mode shapes are also obtained using SAP2000 14.
The structure was then modeled with Base Isolator placed in it. And its acceleration and displacement are found.
MODAL ANALYSIS:
Modal analysis is the study of the dynamic properties of structures under vibration excitation. In structural engineering, modal analysis
uses the overall mass and stiffness of a structure to find the various periods at which it will naturally resonate. A normal mode of an
oscillating system is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move sinusoidal with the same frequency and with a fixed
phase relation.
Time-History Analysis:
Time history analysis of the frame was carried out to determine the response of the frame under a given dynamic loading. Time history
analysis is the most natural and intuitive approach. The response history is divided into time increments t and the structure is
subjected to a sequence of individual time-independent force pulses f (t). The nonlinear response is thus approximated by series of
piecewise linear systems.
Here time history records of Northridge Earthquake, Century City (17/01/1994) data recorded at LACC NORTH is used for the
time history analysis. The Northridge earthquake was a massive earthquake that occurred on January 17, 1994 in Reseda, a
neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles, California, lasting for about 10–20 seconds. The earthquake had a "strong" moment
magnitude of 6.7, but the ground acceleration was one of the highest ever instrumentally recorded.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
MODAL ANALYSIS OF A RC FRAME
Modal analysis of a typical building structure frame is done to determine the dynamic parameters like natural frequency, time period,
modal participating mass ratios and their corresponding mode shapes. Typical building structure frame made of reinforced concrete
has ten floors (figure 1) and composed of columns 3.0 m height and of cross section 30×50 cm2
with I = 3.1×10-3
m4
, and beams with
span of 4.5m, cross-section 24x55 cm2
, and inertia I = 3.5×10-3
m4
. The first natural frequency of the building is 2.3Hz. From the
modal analysis time period, frequencies are noted for modes with considerable mass participation. These are the important modes of
consideration. The first natural frequency of the building was calculated in Hz.
From the modal analysis time period, frequencies are noted for modes with considerable mass participation. These are the important
modes of consideration. The first natural frequency of the building was also calculated in SAP2000 in Hz (table 1).
TABLE 1
TIME PERIOD AND FREQUENCY OF THE BUILDING FOR FIRST THREE MODES
MODE TIME PERIOD (second) FREQUENCY
(hertz)
1 0.762349 1.3117
2 0.744952 1.3424
3 0.604138 1.6553
4. International Conference on Inter Disciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology 98
Cite this article as: Akil Ahmed. “Background Study of Base Isolated Structure and Analysis of Base
Isolated Frame”. International Conference on Inter Disciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology
(2016): 95-100. Print.
Figure 1: Structural model of building from SAP window
TIME-HISTORY ANALYSIS OF THE FRAME:
The response (i.e. Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration) of the steel frame subjected to a selected earthquake ground motion was
found out by non-linear time history analysis using SAP 2000 v12.0.0. The selected earthquake ground motion is Northridge
Earthquake record. (Northridge earthquake, January 17, 1994, Reseda, a neighbourhood in the city of Los Angeles, California, USA).
RESPONSE OF THE FRAME
Displacement
Displacement of the frame subjected to time history analysis is recorded in each node in both X-direction and Y-direction. No
displacement is recorded at the base since the base is in the fixed condition. It is to be noted that that maximum displacement is
achieved at all the nodes at the same time i.e. at 6.44 sec. Storey displacement are calculated. It is clear from the result that storey drift
is more in the first storey which goes on decreasing in successive upper storeys. Displacement of the frame in each node in Y-direction
is found to be very less as compared to the displacement of the frame in the X-direction when it is subjected to time history force.
Velocity
Velocity of the frame subjected to time history analysis is recorded in each node in both X-direction and Y-direction. No velocity is
recorded at the base since the base is in the fixed condition. The result indicates that storey velocity is more in the lower storey and it
goes on decreasing in the successive upper storeys.
Acceleration
Acceleration of the frame subjected to time history analysis is recorded in each node of the frame. No acceleration is recorded at the
base since the base is in the fixed condition. From the result it is clear that storey acceleration is more in the lower storey and it goes
on decreasing in the successive upper storeys.
Result
Modal analysis of the fixed base steel frame is done to determine its natural frequency and mode shape followed by its time-history
analysis using time history record of Northridge earthquake (January 17, 1994 in Reseda, a neighbourhood in the city of Los Angeles,
California, USA) at an interval of .02 sec for 60 sec. duration to determine the response of the frame under dynamic loading.
It was concluded that the responses (displacement, inter-storey drift, velocity, acceleration) of the structure is more in lower storey as
compared to the upper storeys. Maximum displacement is achieved at all the nodes at the same time i.e. at 6.44 sec. Story drift is
more in lower storeys and it goes on decreasing in the successive upper storeys.
For dynamic loading design of building structures, we have to consider the dynamic loading response demand and go for the methods
like strengthening the stiffness, strength, and ductility of the structures which has been in common use for a long time. Therefore, the
5. International Conference on Inter Disciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology 99
Cite this article as: Akil Ahmed. “Background Study of Base Isolated Structure and Analysis of Base
Isolated Frame”. International Conference on Inter Disciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology
(2016): 95-100. Print.
dimensions of structural members and the consumption of material are expected to be increased, which leads to higher cost of the
buildings as well as larger seismic responses due to larger stiffness of the structures.
Base isolation decreases the dynamic loading response demand of the structure to a certain extent as compared to its bare frame by
absorbing and dissipating the energy imparted on the structure due to dynamic loading (figures 3 and 4).
Figure 2: Mode Shape without base isolator and with fixed base
Figure 3: Mode Shape with base isolator
CONCLUSION
The investigation of dynamic properties of the framed structure under dynamic loading and effectiveness of base isolation of structure
under dynamic loading are done and following conclusions achieved. This paper first presents the modal analysis results and then it
discusses the time history analysis results of frame with fixed and isolated base subjected to Northridge Earthquake ground motion.
The results show that the base isolation reduces the responses (displacement, velocity, acceleration, and storey drift) drastically. Also,
base isolation reduces the stiffness and thereby increases the fundamental period of the building to bring it out of the maximum
spectral response region. Therefore it can be concluded from the results presented here that base isolation is very effective seismic
control measures.
REFERENCES
[1] I. Masanory, “Base Isolation and passive Seismic response control, ” Proceedings of Ninth World Conference on Earthquake
Engineering, VIII, (1988): pp. 385-396
[2] G. A. Mihail. “Analysis of 3-D vibrations of the Base Isolated School Building "Pestalozzi" by analytical and experimental
approach, ” Proceedings of Ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 12 (2000): pp. 1-8.
[3] M. C. Constantinou et al. “Non-linear dynamic analysis of multiple building base isolated structures, ” Computers and
Structures, 50, (1994): pp. 47-57
[4] S. K. Jain and S. K. Thakkar, “Effect of Superstructure Stiffening in Base Isolated Tall Buildings, ” IE (I) Journal.CV, 85,
(2004): pp. 142-148
[5] R. S. Jangid and J. A. Kulkarni, “Rigid body response of base-isolated structures, ” Journal of Structural Control, 9, (2002):
pp. 171–188
[6] H. W. Shenton and A. N. Lin “Relative performance of Fixed-base and Base-isolated concrete frames, ” Journal of
Structural Engineering, 119, (1993),: pp. 2952-2968
6. International Conference on Inter Disciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology 100
Cite this article as: Akil Ahmed. “Background Study of Base Isolated Structure and Analysis of Base
Isolated Frame”. International Conference on Inter Disciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology
(2016): 95-100. Print.
[7] L. M. Bezerra and R. C. Carneiro. “A Numerical Evaluation of AntiVibration Mechanisms Applied to Frame Structures
Under Earthquake, ” 17th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMIRT 17), 13-2,
(2003): pp. 1-8
[8] C.P. Providakis “Effect of LRB isolators and supplemental viscous dampers on seismic isolated buildings under near-fault
excitations, ” 30 (2008) : pp. 1187–1198Aiken Ian D. Observed behaviour of Seismically Isolated buildings, Journal of
Structural Engineering, 125 (1999): pp. 955-964.
[9] M. Fabio and V. Alfonso. “Nonlinear Response of RC Framed Buildings with Isolation and Supplemental Damping at the
Base Subjected to Near-Fault Earthquakes, ” Journal of Earthquake Engineering,, 13(2009): pp. 690–715
[10] I.D. Aiken et al. “Performance considerations for isolation systems in the region of high seismicity, ” Proceedings, ATC-17-
1, Seminar on seismic isolation, passive energy 69 dissipation and active control, applied technology Council, San Francisco,
California, 17-1 (1991): pp. 1-12
[11] S K. Jain and S. K. Thakkar “Effect of Superstructure Stiffening in Base Isolated Tall Buildings, ” IE (I) Journal.CV, 85
(2004): pp. 142–148
[12] R. S.Jangid and J. A. Kulkarni “Rigid body response of base-isolated structures, ” Journal of Structural Control, 9 (2002):
pp. 171–188