The document discusses several topics related to Java enterprise application development including business logic, n-tier architecture, remote method invocation (RMI), enterprise Java beans (EJB), and session beans. It provides examples of how business logic manages data transformation and workflows. It also explains that RMI allows methods to be invoked on remote objects using stub and skeleton objects, while EJB builds on RMI to provide services like security and transactions through an application server. Finally, it defines session beans as encapsulating business logic and being invoked by local, remote, or web service clients, and describes the different types of session beans.

1. EJB:
Businesslogic:
 It isthe actual thinkingpartof your program.
o Determineshowdataistransformedorcalculated,workflow system
o Example:Orderworkflow
 Customercreatesandorder[data]
 Warehouse preparesorder
 Shippingputsthe orderona truck
 Confirmdeliveryatyourdoor
 Example 1:
 Example 2: Check-outsystem

2.  Example 3:
N-Layerarchitecture:
 BLL:

3. o Thislayerisall abouthandlingandexecuting businesslogicorbusinessrules.
More Examples:

5. Remote Method Invocation:
 The RMI (RemoteMethodInvocation)isanAPI thatprovidesamechanismtocreatedistributed
applicationinjava. The RMI allowsanobject toinvokemethodsonanobjectrunninginanother
JVM.
 The RMI provides remote communication between the applications using two
objects stub and skeleton.
 Understanding stub and skeleton
o RMI uses stub and skeleton object for communication with the remote object.
o A remote object is an object whose method can be invoked from another JVM. Let's
understand the stub and skeleton objects:
stub
The stubis anobject, actsas a gateway for the client side. All theoutgoingrequestsare routedthrough
it. It resides at the client side and represents the remote object. When the caller invokes method on
the stub object, it does the following tasks:
1. It initiates a connection with remote Virtual Machine (JVM),
2. It writes and transmits (marshals) the parameters to the remote Virtual Machine (JVM),
3. It waits for the result
4. It reads (unmarshals) the return value or exception, and
5. It finally, returns the value to the caller.
skeleton
The skeleton is an object, acts as a gateway for the server side object. All the incoming requests are
routed through it. When the skeleton receives the incoming request, it does the following tasks:
1. It reads the parameter for the remote method
2. It invokes the method on the actual remote object, and
3. It writes and transmits (marshals) the result to the caller.

6. What is EJB
 EJB is an acronym forenterprise java bean. It is a specification provided by Sun Microsystems
to develop secured, robust and scalable distributed applications.
 To get information about distributed applications, visit RMI Tutorial first.
 To run EJB application, youneed an application server(EJB Container) such as Jboss, Glassfish,
Weblogic, Websphere etc. It performs:
a. life cycle management,
b. security,
c. transaction management, and
d. Object pooling.
 EJB application is deployed on the server, so it is called server side component also.
When use Enterprise Java Bean?
1. Application needs Remote Access. In other words, it is distributed.
2. Applicationneeds to be scalable. EJB applications supports load balancing, clustering and fail-
over.
3. Applicationneeds encapsulatedbusiness logic. EJB application is separated from presentation
and persistent layer.
Difference between RMI and EJB
Both RMI and EJB, provides services to access an object running in another JVM (known as remote
object) from another JVM. The differences between RMI and EJB are given below:
RMI EJB
In RMI, middleware services such as security,
transactionmanagement, objectpoolingetc. need
to be done by the java programmer.
InEJB, middleware services are providedby EJB
Container automatically.
RMI is not a server-side component. It is not
required to be deployed on the server.
EJB is a server-sidecomponent, it is required to
be deployed on the server.
RMI is built on the top of socket programming. EJB technology is built on the top of RMI.
Disadvantages of EJB
1. Requires application server
2. Requires only java client. For other language client, you need to go for web service.
3. Complex to understand and develop EJB applications.

7. Session Bean
Session bean encapsulates business logic only, it can be invoked by local, remote and
webservice client.
It can be used for calculations, database access etc.
The life cycle of session bean is maintained by the application server (EJB Container).
Types of Session Bean
There are 3 types of session bean.
1) Stateless Session Bean: It doesn't maintain state of a client between multiple
method calls.
2) Stateful Session Bean: It maintains state of a client across multiple requests.
3) Singleton Session Bean: One instance per application, it is shared between clients
and supports concurrent access.