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![References
• [1] D. Panda, R. Rahman, and D. Lane, EJB 3 in Action, 1st
ed. Manning Publications, 2007.
• [2] “Enterprise JavaBeans - Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia.” [Online]. Available:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejb. [Accessed: 10-Mar-2012].
• [3] “What I’m Learning: Differences between EJB 3.0 and
EJB 2.1.” [Online]. Available:
http://mytechnicaldocs.blogspot.com/2011/08/differences
-between-ejb-30-and-ejb-21.html. [Accessed: 10-Mar-
2012].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ejb3-0introduction-120310062540-phpapp01/85/EJB-3-0-Yet-Another-Introduction-59-320.jpg)
Uploaded byKelum Senanayake
EJB 3.0 - Yet Another Introduction
The document introduces Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) 3.0, highlighting its role in building scalable business applications while simplifying infrastructure concerns like transactions and security. It compares EJB 3.0 to earlier versions, emphasizing its use of POJOs and annotations over complex XML configurations, along with improvements in performance and usability. Additionally, it outlines the types and functionalities of EJB components, focusing on session beans and the Java Persistence API.
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EJB 3.0 - Yet Another Introduction
- 1. Enterprise Java Bean3.0 Yet Another Introduction… Kelum Senanayake
- 2. Tag-Cloud ResourceInjection StatelessSessionBean EnterpriseJavaBeans EntityBean StatefulSessionBean MessageDrivenBean JavaEE POJO JavaPersistenceAPI Annotations Transactions
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- 4. Enterprise Java Beans(EJB) • A platform for building portable, reusable, and scalable business applications. • Allows to focus on building business logic without having to spend time on building infrastructure code for services such as transactions, security, automated persistence. • An EJB is a piece of Java code that executes in a specialized runtime environment.
- 5. EJB as acomponent … • A component should effectively encapsulate application behavior. • All we need to know is what to pass in and what to expect back. • Components can be reusable. • Three types of EJB components: – Session beans – Message-driven beans – Entities
- 6. EJB as aframework … • EJB components live in a container. • Together, the components, or EJBs, and the container can be viewed as a framework. • EJB framework provides valuable services for enterprise application development
- 7. EJB History • EJB1.0 (1998-03-24) – Defined the responsibilities of EJB Container provider – Defined the distinct “EJB Roles” • EJB 1.1 (1999-12-17) – XML deployment descriptors – Session Beans, Entity Beans – Remote interface • EJB 2.0 (2001-08-22) – Message-Driven Beans – Entity 2.x and EJB QL
- 8. EJB History …contd •EJB 2.1 (2003-11-24) – EJB Timer Service – Web service support • EJB 3.0 (2006-05-11) – POJO, Annotations – Dependency injection • EJB 3.1 (2009-12-10) – Local view without interface – .war packaging of EJB components – Singletons (Singleton Session Beans) – EJB Lite: definition of a subset of EJB – @Asynchronous for session beans
- 9. EJB 3.0 vsEJB 2.1 • EJB 3.0 is much faster than EJB 2 • An EJB 2.1 session bean must implement the SessionBean interface • EJB 3.0 session bean class includes only business methods. • EJB 3.0 interfaces are POJI business interfaces and do not require home and component interfaces. • EJB 2.1 must have the deployment descriptor. But optional in EJB 3.0. Annotations are added to the language.
- 10. EJB 3.0 vsEJB 2.1 …contd • EJB 3 introduced persistence API for database access. In EJB 2 you can use Entity bean. • An EJB 2.1 Entity EJB bean class must implement the EntityBean interface and must provide implementation to the ejbCreate() and ejbPostCreate() methods. • EJB 2.1 entity bean includes the home, component, local home and local component interfaces that extend the EJBHome, EJBObject, EJBLocalHome and EJBObject interfaces respectively.
- 11. EJB 3.0 vsEJB 2.1 …contd • An EJB 2.1 bean must define resource-ref in ejb- jar.xml to lookup resources. An EJB 3.0 bean can use either dependency injection or JNDI lookup. • An EJB 2.1 message-driven must implement the javax.ejb.MessgeDrivenBean interface. • Standardized Simplified persistence with POJO – You couldn’t send an EJB 2 entity bean across the wire in different tiers. – They are permanently attached to the database. – You have to write data transfer objects
- 12. Why choose EJB3.0? • Ease of use – POJO programming, annotations in favor of verbose XML, heavy use of sensible defaults & JPA • Integrated solution stack – EJB 3 offers a complete stack of server solutions – Persistence, messaging, lightweight scheduling, remoting, web services, dependency injection (DI) and interceptors – You won’t have to spend a lot of time looking for third-party tools
- 13. Why EJB 3.0…contd • Open Java EE standard – EJB is a critical part of the Java EE standard – EJB 3 has an open, public API specification – The open standard leads to broader vendor support – You don’t have to depend on a proprietary solution
- 14. Why EJB 3.0…contd • Broad vendor support – You are not at the mercy of the ups and downs of a particular company or group of people – Vendors have historically competed against one another by providing value-added nonstandard features • Stable, high-quality code base – Clustering, load balancing, and failover support with no changes to code, no third-party tool integration, and relatively simple configuration
- 15. Why EJB 3.0…contd • Unit-testable POJO components – All EJB 3 components are POJOs, they can easily be executed outside the container – It is possible to unit-test all component business logic using testing frameworks • Annotations and descriptors are not mutually exclusive – Deployment descriptor entries override configuration values hard-coded into EJB components
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- 17. The Container • Whenyou build a simple Java class, you need a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to execute it. • Think of the container as simply an extension of the basic idea of a JVM. • JVM transparently manages memory on your behalf. • The container transparently provides EJB component services – Transactions, security management – Remoting and web services support
- 18. Container …contd • AJava EE container is an application server solution that supports EJB 3, a web container, and other Java EE APIs and services. • JPA is completely pluggable and separable. – Persistence provider and container in an EJB 3 solution need not come from the same vendor – You could use Hibernate inside a BEA WebLogic container
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- 23. Dependency injection vs.JNDI lookup • With EJB 2, you have to write the same few lines of boilerplate code many times to do a JNDI lookup. • In EJB 3, JNDI lookups have been turned into simple configuration using metadata-based dependency injection (DI) • JNDI : It’s the responsibility of the client to do a lookup and obtain a reference to the object • You may think DI is the opposite of JNDI – It is the responsibility of the container to inject an object based on the dependency declaration
- 25. Building business logicwith Session Beans
- 26. Getting to knowSession Beans • So what is a Session? – A session is a connection between a client and a server that lasts for a finite period of time • Session beans centers on the idea that each request by a client to complete a distinct business process is completed in a session. • Recall that session beans come in two flavors: Stateful and Stateless • A bean may maintain its state between calls, in which case it is stateful, or it may be a one-time call, in which case it’s stateless.
- 27. @Stateless Session Bean •No more Home interfaces! • A POJI Business Interface – Annotated with @Remote or @Local • A POJO Implementation – Annotated with @Stateless • No more deployment descriptors! (optional)
- 29. @Stateful Session Bean •No more Home interfaces! • A POJI Business Interface – Annotated with @Remote or @Local • A POJO Implementation – Annotated with @Stateful • No more deployment descriptors! (optional)
- 32. Working with multiplebusiness interfaces • You cannot mark the same interface with more than one access type annotation. • However, a business interface can extend another interface. • You can create a set of interfaces utilizing OO inheritance to avoid code duplication
- 35. Callback methods • @PostConstruct • @PostActivate • @PrePassivate • @PreDestroy
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- 40. Diving into theJava Persistence API
- 41. Java Persistence API •Separate specification document • Produced by EJB 3.0 Expert Group (JSR-220) • Available in & outside the Java EE container • The API itself, defined in the javax.persistence package • The Java Persistence Query Language (JPQL) • Object/relational metadata • Gavin King (founder of Hibernate) represented JBoss on JSR220
- 42. @Entity Beans • Nomore Home interfaces! • No Business Interfaces! • A POJO Implementation – Annotated with @Entity • A simple deployment descriptor • Entities need not use getter- and setter-based properties.
- 46. EntityManager • EntityManager isthe bridge between the OO and relational worlds. • Knows how to store a POJO entity into the database, read, update & delete. • Factory for Query
- 48. Query entityManager.createNativeQuery()
- 49. Named queries • Theyimprove reusability of queries. • They improve maintainability of code – Queries are not scattered among the business logic. • They can enhance performance because they are prepared once and can be efficiently reused. • Can be defined either in the entity using annotations, or in the XML file defining O/R mapping metadata.
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- 52. Understanding transactions • Atransaction is a grouping of tasks that must be processed as an inseparable unit. • Every task that is part of the transaction must succeed in order for the transaction to succeed. All-or-nothing • The Transaction Manager is a component that, coordinates a transaction over multiple distributed resources • EJB provides through the Java Transaction API (JTA)
- 53. Container-managed transactions • Ina CMT, the container starts, commits, and rolls back a transaction on our behalf • Can be done through annotations or the deployment descriptor • EJB context: accessing the runtime environment • The javax.ejb.EJBContext interface is essentially your backdoor into the mystic world of the container
- 56. Bean-managed transactions • Thegreatest strength of CMT is also its greatest weakness. • CMT, you are limited to having the transaction boundaries set at the beginning and end of business methods and relying on the container to determine when a transaction starts, commits, or rolls back. • BMT, on the other hand, allows you to specify exactly these details programmatically
- 58. The pros andcons of BMT • BMT is verbose, complex, and difficult to maintain and some times error prone. • With BMT, you can fine-tune your transaction boundaries so that the data held by your code is isolated for the shortest time possible • BMT can never join an existing transaction. – Existing transactions are always suspended – Significantly limiting flexible component reuse
- 59. References • [1] D.Panda, R. Rahman, and D. Lane, EJB 3 in Action, 1st ed. Manning Publications, 2007. • [2] “Enterprise JavaBeans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejb. [Accessed: 10-Mar-2012]. • [3] “What I’m Learning: Differences between EJB 3.0 and EJB 2.1.” [Online]. Available: http://mytechnicaldocs.blogspot.com/2011/08/differences -between-ejb-30-and-ejb-21.html. [Accessed: 10-Mar- 2012].
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