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Eicosanoids
- 1. Carbohydrate Presentation #1 Uswa Shahid Shahzaib Ahmad Fatima Tariq Anusha Rehman Muhamad Owais
- 2. Contents : Ecosanoid structure Ecosanoid classification CONTENT Eicosanoid structure Eicosanoid classification Eicosanoid function
- 3. Eicosanoid "Eicosanoid" (eicosa-, Greek for "twenty"; see icosahedron. is the collective term for straight-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of 20 carbon units in length that have been metabolized or otherwise converted to oxygen-containing products.
- 4. Ecosapentaenoic acid (EPA),an w-3 fatty acid with five double bonds Arachidonic Acid (AA),an w-6 fatty acid with 4 double bonds Dihomo-gamma-linolenic Acid (DGLA), an w-6 with double bonds Eicosanoids are derived from either OMEGA-3(W-3) or OMEGA-6(W-6) fatty acids.
- 5. Sub families There are multiple subfamilies of eicosanoids, including most prominently the Prostaglandins. Thromboxanes. Leukotrienes. Lipoxins. Resolvins. Exoin .
- 6. Classes of eicosanoid There are the following major classes of Eicosanoid : Prostaglandin Thromboxanes Leukotrienes
- 7. Structure of Eicosanoids Presented by : Uswa Shahid L1S20BSBC0020
- 8. Prostaglandin Structure Unsaturated carboxylic acids containing 20 carbon 5 carbon ring is present . Variety of structures ( one, two or three double bonds)
- 9. Attachment of different substituent groups to the rings named as A,E,F
- 10. Thromboxanes Structure Containing 6 membered ether ring 2 double bonds is present . Major thromboxanes are TXA2 and TXB2.
- 11. Leukotrienes structure Unsaturated carboxylic acid containing 20 C. Four double bonds are present in it. Named as LB4,LC4,LE4,LD4
- 12. Prostaglandin and its function Anousha Rehman L1F19BSBC0019
- 13. Prostaglandin and its functions: Prostaglandins were discovered in the 1930’s. Ulf von Euler found that seminal fluid and seminal vesicles from most animals including man contain a substance which causes contraction of the smooth muscle of the uterus. He named this new substance prostaglandin since they were originally thought to be secreted by the prostate gland.
- 14. Group of physiologically active substances Derived from essential fatty acids 20-carbon fatty acids categorized as eicosanoids Composed of a cyclopentanone nucleus with two side chains
- 15. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE All prostaglandins are derived from the 20 C cyclic saturated fatty acid, prostanoic acid The five-carbon ring is saturated All naturally occurring PGs have an alpha- oriented OH group at C15.
- 18. Functions : Prostaglandins act on an array of cells and have a wide variety of effects such as: Vasoconstriction & vasodilation Induce labor pains Decreases intraocular pressure by increasing removal of aqueous humor from the eye Regulate inflammation
- 19. Conti…. CELL GROWTH: Cell proliferation ( PGE2 ) Stimulates growth of skeletal muscle (PGF2α) Acts on thermoregulatory center of hypothalamus to produce fever. Acts on mesangial cells (specialized smooth muscle cells) in the glomerulus of the kidney to increase glomerular filtration rate. Acts on parietal cells in the stomach wall to inhibit acid secretion.
- 21. Thromboxane and its function Presented by : Fatima Tariq L1S20BSBC0004
- 22. Thromboxanes Member of lipid family knows as Thromboxanes. Compounds have thrombus forming potential. Major thromboxanes are TXA2 and TXB2. Thromboxane A synthase present in ER. Abundant in lungs and platelets . In this cyclopentane ring replaced by six member oxygen ring.
- 23. Although thromboxane production is increased in asthma and thromboxane analogs are potent bronchoconstrictors in asthmatic patients. There is no convincing evidence that thromboxane receptor (TP) antagonists or thromboxane synthase inhibitors are effective in asthma.
- 24. Mechanism:
- 25. Pathology: It is believed that the vasoconstriction caused by thromboxane’s plays a role in Prinz metal's angina. Omega-3 fatty acids are metabolized to produce higher levels of TxA,3 which is relatively less potent than TxA2 and PGI3; therefore, there is a balance shift toward inhibition of vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. It is believed that this shift in balance lowers the incidence of myocardial infarction (heart attack) and stroke.
- 26. Functions: Vasoconstrictor and potent hypertensive agent. Homeostatic balance in the circulatory system. Formation of blood clots and reduce blood flow . Activation of new platelets .
- 27. Leukotrienes and Function Presented by: Owais Ameen L1S20BSBC0024
- 28. What are Leukotrienes?? Leukotrienes are a family of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators produced in leukocytes by the oxidation of arachidonic acid and the essential fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid by the enzyme arachidonate 5- lipoxygenase
- 30. Functions of leukotrienes Leukotrienes in dementia Leukotrienes are found to play an important role in the later stages of Alzheimer's disease Leukotrienes in Asthma It contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma, especially in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory diseases Symptoms include: airflow obstruction, increased secretion of mucus,mucosal accumulation
- 31. Continue... They are involved in asthmatic and allergic reactions Leukotrienes are very important agents in the inflammatory response. They also have a powerful effect in bronchoconstriction and increase vascular permeability Leukotrienes use lipid signalling to convey information
- 32. Reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukotriene Böhm, Ingrid; Speck, Ulrich; Schild, Hans (2005). "A possible role for cysteinyl- leukotrienes in non-ionic contrast media induced adverse reactions". European Journal of Radiology. 55 (3): 431– 6. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.01.007. PMID 16129253. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular- biology/eicosanoids https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular- biology/eicosanoids