E-GOVERNANCE.pdf

DEFINITIONS
E-governance is a utilization guide that explains to us how to handle
Information Technologies and the Internet to perform effectively
designing, planning, organizing, coordinating, implementing, and
supervising of Government services to deliver to the Citizen, Business,
and other Government Agencies.
In other words, E-governance is a set of services that a Government
can be providing to its citizen through Information Technologies. Such
that Health care, identification, E-vote, E-tax, security, social services,
academic systems, and many more according to the role of a
responsible Government.
Anytime in the common world, we meet people who confuse E-
governance with ICT directly. Let me fix that opinion by explaining
that one is a management activity to bring value to the society and the
other one is the pathway used to bring this aforesaid value. You can
deal with your management activity manually or deciding to bring into
focus ICT in manner of you want bringing value to the stakeholder

E-GOVERNANCE VS E-GOVERNMENT
o Do not confuse the principles that are E-governance with the activity
himself, E-government which is the delivery of national/local
government information and services through the internet or other digital
means.
o While definitions of e-government by various sources may vary widely,
there is a common theme. E-government involves using ICT, and
especially the Internet, to improve the delivery of government services to
citizens, businesses, and other government agencies. E-government
enables citizens to interact and receive services from the federal, state, or
local governments twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.

By definition, a Government is a country's institution sliced into
Ministries that has the main role to organize and exercise power.This
power consists of designing, promoting, and implementing publics
politics such that:
 How a country decides to school its citizens?
 How a country decides to manage gender?
 How a country decides to organize health services, and many more?
This is the leadership on the government level that has the
responsibility to design, push, and lead the implementation of publics
politics.Thus, the role of the administration is to daily managing them
whatever political leader is on the office.

WHAT IS GOVERNANCE?
Francis FUKUYAMA in this commentary point <what is governance?> defines
governance as a government’s ability to make and to enforce rules, to deliver
services, regardless of whether that government is democratic or not. The author
argues that an authoritarian regime can be well governed, just as a democracy can
be maladministered.
For us, Governance is more like a mindset, a culture, and the way that people and
structures are agreed to manage resources (Human Resources, Times, tools,
finances and natural resources) in the order to achieve a collective purpose and
needs. It could be a democratic or an authoritarian regime.
Governance determines Who has power? Who makes decisions? How other
players make their voice heard? and how the account is rendered? Nothing more
and nothing less.
Core principles turn around authority (It could be traditional, charismatic and
legal), decision making and accountability

HOW TO IMPLEMENT GOOD GOVERNANCE?
1. State a missions on your why-basis;
2. Design your vision. A clear sense of direction in a long-term basis;
3. Organize your strategy to reach your goal (planning to short, medium and long-term basis);
4. Identify and design your objectives which are the ends (activities) that need to be achieved in the
governance project and not the means, It should be SMART;
5. Implement an Information system. Governance is the way we coordinate resources, processes, and
structures to meet a common objective and Information System is the key tool that helps to ensure the
aforesaid governance. It includes a strategic system, a management system, and an operational system;
6. Design and implement Process. This is a set of tasks and activities organized and aligned beforehand
which has inputs (data, documents, forms, validation, etc.), outputs (printout, ticket, documents,
direct or indirect result, delivery, etc.), people involved (Responsible-Authority-Consulted-Informed),
treatment systems (manual or automatic) and regulatory control (guidance, laws, regulations and
budget).
7. Set Key Performance Indicators (KPI) which are The way we evaluate and measure the output get
from a processes that transcript and implement objectives, strategies and vision we are sustaining

8. State Internal Control which is defined as a set of measures and procedures put in place within a
company to ensure that its efficiency objectives, its rules, laws, that financial reports are reliable and
respected;
9. State a culture of Information System Auditing which is a reviews and controls of the constituent
elements of an information system such as processes, IT Infrastructures, accounting, governance, and
leadership in the order to evaluate their effectiveness and efficiency with the aim of helping leaders to
take good decisions which lead to reaching enterprise objectives;
10.Develop transformational leadership which is a practice of BtoB influences in which it is not
simply a question of saying but of doing while preaching by example and by the results obtained
personally;
11. State a Continual Improvement culture which is used to measure services, and processes, and to
document the results in order to improve their qualities by making them more mature over time;

E-GOVERNANCE INTEREST
o Providing better governance;
o Breaking up bureaucracy;
o Citizen/Customer centricity;
o Market alignment with best practices from engineering sector;
o Service transparency, effectiveness, efficient, automate and faster;
o Fighting corruption;
o Upgrading service orientation and fighting boredom;
o Deliver service cost-reduction;

TYPES OF E-GOVERNANCE PROJECTS
 G2C (Government to Citizen) that has the aim to provide Government services to the citizens.
Example E-vote which is a manner to allow citizen to elect their political leaders through
electronic platforms or the internet
 G2G (Government to Government) that has the aim to provide Government services to others
Government Agencies.Take the example of the Ministry of local affairs that can implement
Identification services with the personal information of citizens that can be used by security
agencies, migration agencies, the National Commission of Election, and in many more situations
 G2B (Government to Business) used when a Government wants to design and implement a set of
services that it would like to provide to the private sector such that investments, registrations of
new companies, e-tax dedicated to enterprise, and many more. It also can be a transparent way to
interact with all the private sector inside a country.
 G2E (Government to Employee) that aims to deliver services to its own employees such that
inner communication of critical information, work monitoring of what they do comparing to
what they supposed to do, patrimony management, tracking consumption, salary and many more.

E-GOVERNANCE PROJECT REQUIREMENTS
 Political leadership;
 Appropriate legal statements;
 Power(Electricity);
 Network coverage;
 Expertise and skills to manage transformational
projects;
 Local literacy.

E-GOVERNANCE KPI TOOLS
Ranking countries about E-Governance is based on two elements:
EGDI levels (e-Government Development Index).
The EGDI is a composite measure of various E-government dimensions like human
capacity, telecommunication connectivity, and online services provision,
 The OSI - Online Service Index (the online presence of the government in
terms of service delivery ).Moreover, the ability to provide online services that
meet the expectation of their respective citizens and business users
 TheTII - Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (Network coverage,
network broadband)
 HCI -Human Capital Index. (Digital Literacy)/Adult literacy, Gross
enrolment ratio, Expected years of schooling,Mean years of schooling (MYS)
Digital inclusion (A^3)
According to the University of Maryland College Park, digital inclusion has three
critical elements: access, adoption, and application.Together, these elements lead to
the ultimate goal of creating a more digitally inclusive society.

But there is some contest about this measurement. The United Nations
(UN) E-Governance Development Index (EGDI) is the most widely used
metric for assessment of e-governance development. However, this metric is
not appropriate for assessment at the regional level, especially for developing
nations as mentioned by some authors such that Rajan Gupta, Sunil Kumar
Muttoo and Saibal Kumar Pal from India in their research Digital
Government/Regional E-governance Development Index for Developing
Nations.
For the authors, The EGDI (E-Government Development Index) is a
presentation of the progress of E-government development of all the 193
members of the UN. The EGDI is a composite measure of various E-
government dimensions like human capacity, telecommunication
connectivity, and online services provision.
Other than assessing a country’s web development pattern, the EGDI
incorporates numerous access characteristics like education and
infrastructure levels which shows how a government is using information
technology to promote inclusion and access of its citizens. The primary goal
of the EGDI is to provide a performance rating of all the United Nations
member governments as compared to one another.
On the right the top 13 egdi-countries in the world/2020, www.statista.com

■ Resolution 44 of the United Nations Conference on
Sustainable Development in 2012 held in Brazil states that:
44. We acknowledge the role of civil society and the importance of
enabling all members of civil society to be actively engaged in
sustainable development. We recognize that improved participation
of civil society depends upon, inter alia, strengthening access to
information and building civil society capacity and an enabling
environment. We recognize that information and Technology is
facilitating the flow of information between governments and the
public. In this regard, it is essential to work toward improved access
to information and communications technology, especially
broadband network and services, and bridge the digital divide,
recognize the contribution of international cooperation in this
regard.
Moreover, 2020 was a year that have tested our resiliency against
COVID-19. The countries that have given a good reply to this
sanitary questions were the countries with a good level of EGDI .
They have quickly been able to deliver services to their population
by using the benefits of ICT

TOOLS,METHODS AND CONCEPTS
 eGLC (E-governance Life Cycle ) to design a complete E-governance
project;
 BPR(Business Process Re-engeeniring) to redesign and empower
process;
 PDCA, GAP analysis and many more for asset assessing;
 ISA (Integrated, Simplify and Automate) as an indicator for assessing
good E-governance process;
 TRIP (Transport, Redundancy, Inspection, Preparation) as elements to
eliminate for bad process;
 Value Activity, Value Non-Activity, Soveregn Activity and Non-Soveregn
Activity to differentiate Viable Business Function an not;
 Critical To Process, Critical To Time, Hand-On-Time;
 Business Model(PPP, outsourcing, conventional);
 Service prioritization(Customer-centricity and department centricity);
 Legal framework(SLA,DPR, RFC and many-more),

EXAMPLES OF E-GOVERNMENT PROJETS
Data warehouse Redofi, Ministry of
Finances/D.R.Congo,G2G.
Aims:
To distribute statistical information among excise-
office to enable best insight of the global taxes to the
top management in the order best decision-making:
Output:
 Easy communication of financial data between
excise-offices;
 Financial Data Centralization
 Easy book-keeping of tax-payer
Isys-Regis, Ministry of
Finances/D.R.Congo, G2B
Aims:To create the public incomings chain
Output:
 Removing corruption;
 Increasing public revenues;
 Give back confidence from tax-payers to
their country

E-passport implemented from 2005 to 2010, INDIA,G2C
Aims:
To deliver passport services to citizens in a timely, transparent,
more accessible, reliable manner and in a comfortable
environment through streamlined processes and committed
trained and motivated workforce
Output:
 Eliminating of the long queue;
 Eliminating tedious procedures;
 Increasing accessibility of services;
 Decreasing the cost;
 Decreasing response time;
 Break the mystification of services to get a passport.

CONCLUSIONS
 In D.RC as in the rest of African countries, E-governance
can be used as greater efficiency element to deliver
better public services, to reduce costs of administrative
procedures and to eradicate corruption;
 Do not confuse E-governance to just IT infrastructures.
Instead, this is 40% of how you deal with your
processes, 40% how able and empower are your human
resources and just 20% of your IT infrastructures;
 Good governance is the way of governing the least,
Thus, ICT helps to meet Good governance requirements.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES
 United Nations E-government Survey 2014
 Online Services Index Performance: Countries’ Analysis in OSI Ranking to Improve Malaysia UN Ranking, published by Blue Eyes Intelligence
Engineering et Sciences Publications, June 2019;
 E-government and E-governance : Definition/Domain Framework and Status around the world by Shailendra C. Jain Palvia (Long Island University, Brookville, NewYork 11548,USA) and Sushil S. Sharma (Ball State
University, Muncie, Indiana USA)
 www.worlbank.org (AOEMA report)
 https://www.vie-publique.fr/fiches/20223-la-notion-de-service-public
 Digitize information is a manner of modeling information by the way of ICT in the order to make easy their transportation
 E-government and E-governance: Definition/Domain Framework and Status around the world by Shailendra C. Jain Palvia (Long Island University,
Brookville, New York 11548, USA) and Sushil S.Sharma (Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana USA)
 E-Governance in Bangladesh: Present Problems and Possible Suggestions for Future Development,published by International Journal of Applied
Information Systems/ Journal Article, JahangirAlam and Mohammad, http://research.ijais.org/volume4/number8/ijais12-450804.pdf
 ICTs as Catalyst for E-Governance Initiatives in Nigeria’s Economic Transformation, published to the International Journal of Computer
Applications, Gadzama andWadzani/ ResearchGate Library catalog
 Traning book-egov CDAC-NOIDA-INDIA
 Regional E-governance Development Index for Developing Nations

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