This document discusses the projection of points in engineering graphics. It defines key terms like vertical plane, horizontal plane, and reference line. It explains how to project points located in different quadrants and planes. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to draw the projections of points given their position relative to the horizontal and vertical planes. The document also discusses determining the inclination and distance of projected points.

1. GE 8152 - ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
Dr.R.Ganesamoorthy.
Professor / Mechanical Engineering.
Chennai Institute of Technology.
GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS

2. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
What is Projections:
When you through the light on an object at any angle, then the image
is formed of the object on reference planes, that image is called
Projection.
Objectives-Projection of Points

3. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Objectives-Projection of Points:
To draw the projections of a point in the four quadrants.
To identify the position of the point in different quadrants.

4. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Coordinate System:

5. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Define projection of points :
The position of a point in engineering drawing is defined with respect to its
distance from the three principle planes i.e., with respect to the VP, HP, & PP.
VP: The plane in front of observer is the vertical plane. (VP) or it is also
called a Frontal plane.
HP: The plane which is Horizontal and perpendicular to VP is Horizontal
Plane.
Note: The planes HP and VP are called Principal Planes.
Reference Line: The line of intersection of HP and VP is called reference line,
which is denoted by X-Y

6. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Types of views :
Front View (FV): The projection on the VP is called the Front
View(FV) or Vertical Projection or front elevation
Top View (TV): The projection on the HP is called the Top View (TV)
or Horizontal Projection or Plan. Or Elevation.
Side View:The projection on the side from the object is called the
side views.
Side views is classified in to
1.Left side view and (LSV)
2. Right side view(RSV)

7. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Position of points :
First quadrant -- Above HP & in front of VP
Second quadrant -- Above HP & behind VP
Third quadrant -- Below HP & behind VP
Fourth quadrant -- Below HP & in front of VP

8. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
ORIENTATION OF POINT IN SPACE:
(1) In quadrant I (Above H.P & In Front of V.P.)
(2)In quadrant II (Above H.P & Behind V.P.)
(3)In quadrant III (Below H.P & Behind V.P.)
(4)In quadrant IV (Below H.P & In Front of V.P.)
(5)In Plane (Above H.P. & In V.P.)
(6)In Plane (Below H.P. & In V.P.)
(7)In Plane ( In H.P. & In front of V.P.)
(8)In Plane ( In H.P. & Behind V.P.)
(9)In Plane ( In H.P. & V.P.)

9. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Notations of point in views :
Following notations should be followed while naming different views in
orthographic projections.
Object Point
It’s top view a
It’s front view a’
It’s side view a’’

10. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points in Different Quadrants:

11. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points : Above HP and In front of VP

12. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points : Above HP and Behind VP

13. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points : Below HP and Behind VP

14. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points : Below HP and In front VP

15. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points : Above HP and on VP

16. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points : Below HP and on VP

17. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points : In HP and In front of VP

18. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points : In HP and Behind VP

19. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points : In HP and In VP

20. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points in Different Quadrants:
1. Point E is in HP and h distance in front of VP
2. Point F is in VP and d distance above HP
3. Point G is in both HP and VP
4. Point H is in HP and d distance behind VP
5. Point J is in VP and h distance below HP

21. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points in Different Quadrants:
1. Point A is in 15 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP. Draw its projections.

22. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points in Different Quadrants:
2. Point B is lying on HP and 30 mm in front of VP. Draw its projections.

23. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points in Different Quadrants:
3. Point C which is lying on the VP and 25 mm above HP. Draw its projections.

24. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points in Different Quadrants:
4. Point Q is in 20 mm below HP and on the VP. Draw its projections.

25. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points in Different Quadrants:
5. Draw its projections of a Point B which is 10 mm below HP and 40 mm in front of VP.

26. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points in Different Quadrants:
6. Mark the projection of the following points on a common reference line. Take 30 mm distance between
the projectors.
1.A 20 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP 2.B 20 mm above HP and 30 mm behind VP
3.C 10 mm below HP and 35 mm behind VP 4.D 10 mm below HP and 20 mm in front of VP
5.E 20 mm above HP and in VP 6.F 15 mm below HP and in VP
7.G 8 mm in front of VP and in HP 8.H 18 mm behind VP and in HP

27. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points in Different Quadrants:
7. Mention the position of the following points with respect to the planes of Projections. All dimensions
are marked in mm
1.Point A 20 mm above HP and 30 mm behind of VP 2.Point B 20 mm below HP and 25 mm in front of VP
3.Point C 25 mm below HP and 30 mm behind VP 4.Point D 30 mm below HP and in VP
5.Point E 25 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP

28. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points in Different Quadrants:
8. A Point C is on HP and 30 mm behind VP. Another point D is also on HP and 40 mm in front of VP. The
distance between their projectors is 50 mm. join their top views and determine the inclination of this line
with XY line.

29. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points in Different Quadrants:
9.A point P is on HP and 40 mm in front of VP. Another point Q is also on HP and behind VP. The distance
between their end projectors is 60 mm .Draw its projections if the top view line joining P and Q makes on
angle of 60°with reference line .and also find the position of Q.

30. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points in Different Quadrants:
10. Point P is lying in the third quadrant is situated 20 mm below the below the HP. Its shortest distance
from the line of intersection of planes is 40 mm. Draw its projections and find the distance of the point
from the VP.

31. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points in Different Quadrants:
11.Point A is 20 mm above HP and in the first quadrant. Its Shortest distance from the reference line XY is
40 mm.Draw the projections of the point and determine its distance from VP .
Answer: Distance from VP= 40mm

32. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-II PROJECTION OF POINTS
Projection of Points in Different Quadrants:
12.Draw the projections of the following points on a common reference. Take 30 mm distance between the
projectors.
1.Point A 35 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP 2.Point B 40 mm below HP and 15 mm behind VP
3.Point C 50 mm above HP and 25 mm behind VP 4.Point D 45 mm below HP and 25 mm behind VP
5.Point E 30 mm behind VP and on HP

33. GE8152- ENGINEERING GRAPHICS - UNIT-1 PLANE CURVES
Thank you