Sushant Kumar presented his thesis on the bioefficacy of newer insecticides and biopesticides for managing the Brown Plant Hopper (BPH) in Basmati rice. The objectives were to study BPH seasonal abundance and its relation to abiotic factors, evaluate treatment efficacy against BPH and spiders, and analyze yield and cost-benefit ratios. Nine treatments including insecticides and biopesticides were tested in a randomized block design with three replications. Results showed Imidacloprid to be most effective against BPH followed by Fipronil and Thiamethoxam. Lambda cyhalothrin, Fipronil and Cartap were highly effective for spiders. Fipronil yielded

1. Advisor & Chairman
Dr. Hem Singh
Associate Professor
Department of Entomology
Thesis Seminar
On
Bio efficacy of newer insecticides and bio pesticides for management of
Brown Plant Hopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) of Basmati rice
Presented By
Sushant Kumar
Id. No. PG/A-3935/17
M.Sc. (Ag.) Entomology
Department of Entomology
1

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Methods and Materials
 Result
 Conclusion
 References
2

3. INTRODUCTION
 Rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) is the second largest produced cereal in
the world, belongs to the family-Graminae.
 Western part of Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Haryana and Punjab
are account for 92 % of the total basmati rice production in India.
 It can be grown up to elevation of 2,500 mtr and cultivated in
tropical, sub tropical and temperate region.
 Area under rice in India about to 44.50 mha with the production of
115.63mt. (Anonymous, 2019)
3

4. Cont….
 The BPH, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) is one of most
economic pest of rice causing up to 50 per cent or more
losses in paddy crop.
 The Brown plant hopper (Hemiptera: Delphaciedae ) is the
monophagus, small or tiny insect with 2.0 to 3.5 mm body
length & brownish in colour.
 BPH damages plant directly by sucking to plant sap from
phloem, xylem and indirectly by transmitting viral disease
like grassy stunt and ragged stunt.
4

5. OBJECTIVES
 To study the seasonal abundance of rice BPH in relation to
abiotic factors.
 To study the efficacy of newer insecticides and bio-
pesticides against Brown plant hopper in basmati rice.
 To evaluate the effect of the insecticides and bio pesticides
on the Spiders.
 To study about the cost benefit ratio of different treatments.
5

6. Methods and Materials
 Objective 1- 10 random hills were selected from the untreated control for the
observation of BPH abundance. These plants were observed regularly at weekly
interval. The Nymphal and adult population of BPH were recorded per hill
starting from the transplanting till the harvest of the crop. The meteorological
data also recorded throughout the crop season.
 Objective 2- Number of adult and nymphs/hills will be recorded on ten
randomly selected plants from three central rows of each treated plot, one day
before and 3,7,14, and 21 days after each insecticidal application.
6

7. Cont..
Technical programme:-
 Design : Randomized Block
D
 No. of replications : 3
 No. of treatments : 9
 Plot Size : 5 x 4 = 20 m2
 Spacing : Plant to plant: 15 cm
 Row to row : 15 cm
 Variety : Pusa Basmati-1
 Season : Kharif, 2018
 Date of sowing : 18/07/2018
 Date of weeding : 1st weeding 09/08/2018
2nd weeding 31/08/2018
 Application dates : 1st Spraying
05/09/2018 2nd
7

8. Treatments Details
Treatment
No.
Name of treatment Trade Name Dose Source
T1 Imidacloprid 17.8 SC Immediate 200 ml/ha
BR Agrotech Ltd, Rajendra Place,
New Delhi
T2
Thiamethoxam 25 WG
Savor 100 gm/ha
Coromandal Agrico pvt.
Ltd.,Sikandrabad,
U.P.
T3 Fipronil 5 SC Regent SC 1000 ml/ha
Bayer Crop-Science Ltd,
Bari Brahmana,
J. & K.
T4
Lambda cyhalothrin
5 EC
Lambda Gold 500 ml/ha
Indian Crop Chemical pvt Ltd.,
East Mumbai, Maharastra
T5
Cartap hydrochloride 4 G Vat 4G 750 gm/ha Meghmani Organics Ltd., Bharuch,
Gujrat
T6 Beauveria bassiana 2 x 109
c.f.u./gm
- 2.5 kg/ha
Biocontrol laboratory of
S.V.P.U.A.& T.
Modipuram, Meerut
T7 Metarhizium anisopliae 4.7 x 108
c.f.u./gm
- 2.5 kg/ha
Biocontrol laboratory of
S.V.P.U.A.& T.
Modipuram, Meerut
T8 Verticellium lacani 2 x 108 c.f.u./ml Green
Verticill
2.5 ltr./ha
Greenlife Biotech Laboratory,
Coimbatore,
Tamilnadu
T9 Untraeated - - -
8

9. Cont…
 Objective 3- The population of spiders on 5 randomly selected hills per plots were
recorded and continued till the availability of population in the field, through visual
inspection one day before and 3,7, 14 and 21 days after application of treatments.
 Objective 4 - For assessing the grain yield weight of healthy and damaged grain were
recorded from each plot and converted in to q / ha with the help of following formula
(Saini, 2015)
The cost: benefit ratio was also calculated by dividing net profit over control by total
cost (insecticides and labour charges). The formula for Cost Benefit ratio (Saini, 2015)
is- 9

10. Cont…..
 Grain Yield (q/ha) =
Weight of grains in kg/plot X 10000
Plot Area (mtr sq.)
 Cost- Benefit Ratio =
Net returns/ Additional cost (Insecticides + labour etc.)
10

11. Result
 Symptoms –feeding by both nymphs and adults at the
base of the tillers, plants turn yellow and dry up rapidly.
At early infestation, round, yellow patches appear, which
soon turn brownish due to the drying up of the plants
(Ling, 1975).
 These symptoms collectively known as “Hopper burn”
 ETL level - 4 to 7 BPH/ hill
11

12. Seasonal Abundance of BPH in Relation to Abiotic Factors
Standard
Week
No. of
BPH
Max.
Temp.
Min.
Temp.
Max. R.
H.
Min. R. H. Rainfall
29 0 37.4 28.3 87.3 50.6 16.0
30 0 33.4 26.6 93.3 68.0 370.0
31 0.78 37.9 27.9 88.9 49.1 0.0
32 3.01 37.0 27.3 93.6 47.9 56.3
33 3.56 38.7 27.6 92.1 50.4 23.0
34 4.39 36.4 24.9 91.4 52.6 22.0
35 4.64 35.4 20.5 88.3 48.7 198.1
36 11.92 37.6 21.7 91.4 51.6 82.8
37 13.98 34.9 24.7 92.8 53.7 9.7
38 15.87 35.1 21.9 93.2 55.8 13.0
39 13.30 35.9 25.3 94.0 75.7 37.0
40 9.64 32.6 22.6 96.1 58.9 0.0
41 9.52 34.1 18.7 87.0 55.0 3.4
42 9.7 34.4 15.0 90.0 51.0 1.4
43 5.34 32.7 13.4 90.6 49.1 0.0 12

13. Cont…
44 3.21 31.7 12.0 91.1 45.4 0.0
45 2.63 30.9 11.1 93.4 47.9 0.0
46 0.29 29.6 12.0 95.3 57.6 0.0
Correlation between population of BPH and weather parameters…
Abiotic
Factor
Max. Temp.
(0C)
Min.
Temp.
(0C)
Max. R. H.
(%)
Min. R. H.
(%)
Rainfall
(mm)
Correlatio
n (r)
+0.117 +0.019 +0.165 +0.293 -0.2451
13

14. Bio efficacy of different treatments against Brown Plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)
following first application
Figures in parenthese are angular transformed value
DAS= Days after spray

15. Bio efficacy of different treatments against Brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens
(Stal) following second application
15
Figures in parenthese are angular transformed value
DAS= Days after spray

16. Bio efficacy of different treatments against spiders after following first
application
16
Figures in parenthese are angular transformed value
DAS= Days after spray

17. Bio efficacy of different treatments against spiders after following second
application
17
Figures in parenthese are angular transformed value
DAS= Days after spray

18. Yield And Economics Of Different Treatments Against Rice Brown Plant Hopper
1. Labour charge @ Rs. 450.0/day.
2. Sale price of product @ Rs. 3,000/q.
3. Charges of sprayer @ Rs. 50/day
18

19. Conclusion
 Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) population was started from the
first week of August (31st SW) and remained in the field till
harvest of crop (46th SW) and maximum population was
recorded 15.87 BPH per hill in the 38th SW of year.
 BPH positively correlated with min. temperature, maximum
temperature, minimum R.H. , and maximum R.H. while
negatively correlate with rainfall.
19

20. Cont….
 Imidacloprid 17.8 SC @ 200 ml/ha were found most effective
followed by Fipronil 5 SC @ 1000 ml/ha, Thiamethoxam 25 WG
@ 100gm/ha, Cartap hydrochloride 4G @ 750 gm/ ha , Lambda
cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 500 ml/ha, Metarhizium anisopliae 4.7 x 108
c.f.u./gm @ 2.5kg/ha, Beauveria bassiana 2 x 109 c.f.u./gm @
2.5kg/ha and Verticellium lacani 2 x 108 c.f.u./ml @ 2.5 ltr/ha.
 Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 500 ml/ha, Fipronil 5 SC @ 1000
ml/ha and Cartap hydrochloride 4G @ 750 gm/ ha was the highly
effective for the spiders ,respectively.
20

21. Cont…
 In term of grain yield of rice, Fipronil 5 SC @ 1000
ml/ha (38.35q/ha) gave highest production.
 Maximum Cost:Benefit ratio was obtain in treated plot
with Imidacloprid 17.8 SC @ 200ml/ha (1:7.83)
followed by Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 100gm/ha
(1:7.59)
21

22. A
N
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23. References
 Anonymous (2019) Ministry of Agriculture. (GOI), http://www.indiastat.com.
 Ling, K. C. (1975) Rice virus diseases. International Rice Research Institute, Los
Banos, Philippines. pp. 3436-3441.
 Saini, U. P. (2015) Thesis on Bio efficacy of Chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr) 20 SC
against Yellow stem borer, S. incertulas (Walker) and leaf folder, C. medinalis (Guenee)
in Rice. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Ag. & Tech., Meerut. Page no. 42-44.
 Lakshmi, V. J., Krishnaiah, N. V. and Katti, G. R. (2010) Potential toxicity of selected
insecticides to rice leaf hoppers and plant hoppers and their important natural enemies.
Journal of Biological Control, 24 (3): 244–252.
 Kushwaha, R. K. (2009) Evaluation of newer insecticides against rice Brown plant
hopper, Nilaparvata lugens, (Stal.) under green house condition. M. Sc. (Ag.) Thesis,
IGKV, Raipur C.G. P.72.
 Bhanu, K. V. and Reddy, P. S. (2014) Field efficacy of some Neonicotinod insecticides
against plant hoppers under wet land rice. Life Sciences International Research Journal.
1 (1): 2347 – 8691.
 Sarkar, D., Baliarsingh, A., Mishra, H. P., Nanda, A., Panigrahi, G., Mohapatra, A.
K. B. and Rath, B. S. (2018) Population dynamics of Brown plant hopper of paddy and
its correlation with weather parameters. International Journal of Chemical Studies; 6
(6): 920-923.
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