Effectiveness of Using Digital Technologies and Digital Labour in Farm Management towards Shaping Precision Farming to Achieve Food Security: A Malawian Perspective
1) The document discusses the effectiveness of using digital technologies and digital labor in farm management in Malawi to achieve precision farming and food security.
2) It analyzes two cases where digital labor was employed: the SANE project which used an Extension Helper app, and the OPEN project which used internet-connected sensors and online knowledge sharing.
3) An experiment was conducted using student plots at a Malawian university to test a digital soil tester and record soil data over time, finding that digital tools improved data collection and decision making for farm management.
The document discusses the current agriculture scenario in Pakistan and challenges facing the agriculture sector. It notes that a large population depends on agriculture for employment and food. Key challenges include insufficient infrastructure, lack of farmer awareness, water and energy crises. It then discusses how information and communication technologies (ICT) like eAgriculture, mAgriculture, and teleAgriculture can help address these challenges by improving access to information, markets, financial services, and risk management. ICT can play an important role in rural development, poverty reduction and food security if barriers to access and digital literacy are overcome.
Barriers to Effective Extension Agents and Smallholder Farmer Communication i...BRNSSPublicationHubI
This document summarizes a research article that examines barriers to effective communication between extension agents and smallholder farmers in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria. The study found that many farmers have low levels of education and speak primarily Hausa, while most extension agents have inadequate training and low English language proficiency. As a result, extension agents struggle to effectively communicate new farming techniques and practices to farmers. The study recommends employing internet and digital technologies to improve communication, as most farmers currently lack access to these resources and skills. Overall, the research aims to identify constraints on communication between extension agents and farmers in order to enhance information sharing and increase agricultural output.
Mobile phone an instrument of disseminating requisite agricultural informat...eSAT Journals
Abstract Bangladesh is densely an over populated country where a large number of people (more than 60 percent) are still living their livelihood directly or indirectly through the agro based jobs. The environment is very much favorable for agriculture. The contribution of agricultural sector to GDP is 20.60% In this regard, if the initiatives are been taken to provide the right farmers with the right information by the right way at the right time within the least cost, the success will be definite. Decision making is a very crucial part in every activity to be performed in an excellent manner. Any system applied for getting information and knowledge for making decisions in any industry should deliver accurate, complete, concise information in time or on time. The information provided by the system must be in user-friendly form, easy to access, cost-effective and well protected from unauthorized accesses. And to ensure all these there is no alternative other than telecommunication and networking technologies. Different collaboration and communication tools are available to share information throughout the world to ensure improved decision making. And those tools are also playing an important role to disseminate agricultural information. Mobile phone is one of the most popular electronic media among the natives of this country for news and information. Mobile phones significantly reduce communication and information costs for the rural poor in developing countries. This not only provides new opportunities for rural farmers to obtain access to information on agricultural technologies, but also to use ICTs (Information and communication technologies) in agricultural extension systems. Since 2007, there has been a proliferation of mobile phone based applications and services in the agricultural sector, providing information on market prices, weather, transport and agricultural techniques via voice, short message service (SMS) and internet. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the contribution of mobile phones on the dissemination of agricultural information for the farmers for their agricultural enrichment with emphasis on analyzing quantitative data gathered in a survey using a structured questionnaire that was generated on the basis of my theoretical study. Findings indicate a positive curve towards the dependency on and contribution of mobile phones. Keywords: Agricultural Information, Mobile Phones in Bangladesh, Agricultural Information Service (AIS), Technology Adoption, E-agriculture.
Role of mobile/ internet based software in modern fruit production & management.shivamsinghaniya2
A mobile app is a software application developed specifically for use on small, wireless computer devices, such as smart phone and tablets, rather than desktop or laptop computers. Mobile phones have gained an important share in the agricultural sector because of their utility, simplicity of use, and cost. The adoption of social technology by small holder farmers has been surprising, as WhatsApp and Facebook are widely used among them. This has led to an increase of 67.6% in smartphone use in rural markets.
In India, number of smartphone users till 2023 is 1013.57 million. (according to Statista). There were 692.0 million internet users in India at the start of 2023, when internet penetration stood at 48.7 percent. India was home to 467.0 million social media users in January 2023, equating to 32.8 percent of the total population (1.42 billion). a total of 1.10 billion cellular mobile connections were active in India in early 2023, with this figure equivalent to 77.0 percent of the total population.
According to Krell et al. (2021), approximately 25% of the farmers use mobile phones to access information about agriculture and livestock, 23% to buy and sell products, and 18% to receive news updates. However, Khan et al. (2020).
Role of mobile application in fruit crop history: - Early mobile tools(2000s), SMS-Based Services (2000s), Basic Agricultural Apps (2010s), Weather and Crop Monitoring Apps (2010s), Precision Agriculture Apps (2010s - Present), IoT Integration (2010s - Present), Drones and Satellite Imagery (2010s - Present), Market Access and E-Commerce (2010s - Present), Blockchain for Traceability (2010s - Present), Advanced Decision Support Systems (Present).
Mobile technology is being utilized in various ways in fruit science
Data Collection and Field Monitoring, Image Recognition for crop diagnosis i.e. Disease and Pest Identification, Digital Plant Pathology, Climate Smart Agriculture, Precision Horticultural Practices, Research Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing, Market Access and Traceability.
Classification of application
(A) Cultivation Application work in the same way
(B) Smart Application
(A)Cultivation Application work in the same way
Mango • Papaya • Orange • Grapes • Apple • Banana
(B)Smart Application
Plantix • Agri Apps • Agri Center • Krishi Network • BigHaa.
Advantages
1. Easily available on play store 2. Free of cost 3. Crop Monitoring 4. Resource Management 5. Market Access and Pricing Information 6. Weather Forecasting and Risk Management 7. Data-driven Decision Making.
Dis-advantages
1. Digital Illiteracy 2. Dependency on Technology 3. Compatibility Issues 4. Language and Localization Challenges 5. Technical Support and Maintenance 6. Costs and Affordability.
Sustainable Soil Management With Inclusive DigitalisationPascal Corbé
This document summarizes the NICE for Sustainable Soil Management (niceSSM) project, formerly known as the CCKN-IA project. The key points are:
1) The project uses an open-source ICT platform called NICE (Network for Information on Climate (Ex)change) to provide localized soil and weather advisories to farmers, helping to improve resilience against climate change impacts.
2) Over 53,000 hectares of land and 173,000 farmers across Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh have benefited from increased yields of 28% and reduced costs through the use of NICE advisories.
3) The most important success factor is the adaptive ICT backbone of N
Information and Communication Technology in dissemination of Agricultural Tec...Lokesh Waran
Information and Communication Technology in dissemination of Agricultural Technologies
Dr.J.Meenambigai
Associate Professor
Department of agricultural Extension
Faculty of Agriculture
Annamalai University
Chidambaram
Influence of Farmer Level of Education on the Practice of Improved Agricultur...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study examined the influence of farmers’ education level on the practice of improved agricultural technologies by farmers in Nyamusi division of Nyamira County. Multi-stage and stratified sampling techniques were applied for sample selection. Data collection was done by use of semi-structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. Among the descriptive statistic techniques used included Mean, Standard Deviations and frequencies. For Inferential statistics, correlation, Chi-square and cross tabulation were used to establish relationships between dependent and the independent variables. Internal consistency technique was used to ensure reliability of the research instrument through the computation of Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha and was found to be 0.81 which meant that the data collection instrument was consistent and reliable. A total of 332 questionnaires were filled by the sampled farmers but only 304 were completely and adequately filled and analysed giving a Questionnaire Return Rate (QRR) of 91.6%. The analysed data was presented using tables. The study revealed that 44.4% of the farmers had completed primary level education. The study established that farmer level of education did not significantly influence the practice of agricultural technologies. In order to boost farmer literacy levels, the study recommends that the Directorate of Adult and Continuing Education should consider working with farmer groups in promoting functionality of literacy centres.
The document discusses the current agriculture scenario in Pakistan and challenges facing the agriculture sector. It notes that a large population depends on agriculture for employment and food. Key challenges include insufficient infrastructure, lack of farmer awareness, water and energy crises. It then discusses how information and communication technologies (ICT) like eAgriculture, mAgriculture, and teleAgriculture can help address these challenges by improving access to information, markets, financial services, and risk management. ICT can play an important role in rural development, poverty reduction and food security if barriers to access and digital literacy are overcome.
Barriers to Effective Extension Agents and Smallholder Farmer Communication i...BRNSSPublicationHubI
This document summarizes a research article that examines barriers to effective communication between extension agents and smallholder farmers in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria. The study found that many farmers have low levels of education and speak primarily Hausa, while most extension agents have inadequate training and low English language proficiency. As a result, extension agents struggle to effectively communicate new farming techniques and practices to farmers. The study recommends employing internet and digital technologies to improve communication, as most farmers currently lack access to these resources and skills. Overall, the research aims to identify constraints on communication between extension agents and farmers in order to enhance information sharing and increase agricultural output.
Mobile phone an instrument of disseminating requisite agricultural informat...eSAT Journals
Abstract Bangladesh is densely an over populated country where a large number of people (more than 60 percent) are still living their livelihood directly or indirectly through the agro based jobs. The environment is very much favorable for agriculture. The contribution of agricultural sector to GDP is 20.60% In this regard, if the initiatives are been taken to provide the right farmers with the right information by the right way at the right time within the least cost, the success will be definite. Decision making is a very crucial part in every activity to be performed in an excellent manner. Any system applied for getting information and knowledge for making decisions in any industry should deliver accurate, complete, concise information in time or on time. The information provided by the system must be in user-friendly form, easy to access, cost-effective and well protected from unauthorized accesses. And to ensure all these there is no alternative other than telecommunication and networking technologies. Different collaboration and communication tools are available to share information throughout the world to ensure improved decision making. And those tools are also playing an important role to disseminate agricultural information. Mobile phone is one of the most popular electronic media among the natives of this country for news and information. Mobile phones significantly reduce communication and information costs for the rural poor in developing countries. This not only provides new opportunities for rural farmers to obtain access to information on agricultural technologies, but also to use ICTs (Information and communication technologies) in agricultural extension systems. Since 2007, there has been a proliferation of mobile phone based applications and services in the agricultural sector, providing information on market prices, weather, transport and agricultural techniques via voice, short message service (SMS) and internet. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the contribution of mobile phones on the dissemination of agricultural information for the farmers for their agricultural enrichment with emphasis on analyzing quantitative data gathered in a survey using a structured questionnaire that was generated on the basis of my theoretical study. Findings indicate a positive curve towards the dependency on and contribution of mobile phones. Keywords: Agricultural Information, Mobile Phones in Bangladesh, Agricultural Information Service (AIS), Technology Adoption, E-agriculture.
Role of mobile/ internet based software in modern fruit production & management.shivamsinghaniya2
A mobile app is a software application developed specifically for use on small, wireless computer devices, such as smart phone and tablets, rather than desktop or laptop computers. Mobile phones have gained an important share in the agricultural sector because of their utility, simplicity of use, and cost. The adoption of social technology by small holder farmers has been surprising, as WhatsApp and Facebook are widely used among them. This has led to an increase of 67.6% in smartphone use in rural markets.
In India, number of smartphone users till 2023 is 1013.57 million. (according to Statista). There were 692.0 million internet users in India at the start of 2023, when internet penetration stood at 48.7 percent. India was home to 467.0 million social media users in January 2023, equating to 32.8 percent of the total population (1.42 billion). a total of 1.10 billion cellular mobile connections were active in India in early 2023, with this figure equivalent to 77.0 percent of the total population.
According to Krell et al. (2021), approximately 25% of the farmers use mobile phones to access information about agriculture and livestock, 23% to buy and sell products, and 18% to receive news updates. However, Khan et al. (2020).
Role of mobile application in fruit crop history: - Early mobile tools(2000s), SMS-Based Services (2000s), Basic Agricultural Apps (2010s), Weather and Crop Monitoring Apps (2010s), Precision Agriculture Apps (2010s - Present), IoT Integration (2010s - Present), Drones and Satellite Imagery (2010s - Present), Market Access and E-Commerce (2010s - Present), Blockchain for Traceability (2010s - Present), Advanced Decision Support Systems (Present).
Mobile technology is being utilized in various ways in fruit science
Data Collection and Field Monitoring, Image Recognition for crop diagnosis i.e. Disease and Pest Identification, Digital Plant Pathology, Climate Smart Agriculture, Precision Horticultural Practices, Research Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing, Market Access and Traceability.
Classification of application
(A) Cultivation Application work in the same way
(B) Smart Application
(A)Cultivation Application work in the same way
Mango • Papaya • Orange • Grapes • Apple • Banana
(B)Smart Application
Plantix • Agri Apps • Agri Center • Krishi Network • BigHaa.
Advantages
1. Easily available on play store 2. Free of cost 3. Crop Monitoring 4. Resource Management 5. Market Access and Pricing Information 6. Weather Forecasting and Risk Management 7. Data-driven Decision Making.
Dis-advantages
1. Digital Illiteracy 2. Dependency on Technology 3. Compatibility Issues 4. Language and Localization Challenges 5. Technical Support and Maintenance 6. Costs and Affordability.
Sustainable Soil Management With Inclusive DigitalisationPascal Corbé
This document summarizes the NICE for Sustainable Soil Management (niceSSM) project, formerly known as the CCKN-IA project. The key points are:
1) The project uses an open-source ICT platform called NICE (Network for Information on Climate (Ex)change) to provide localized soil and weather advisories to farmers, helping to improve resilience against climate change impacts.
2) Over 53,000 hectares of land and 173,000 farmers across Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh have benefited from increased yields of 28% and reduced costs through the use of NICE advisories.
3) The most important success factor is the adaptive ICT backbone of N
Information and Communication Technology in dissemination of Agricultural Tec...Lokesh Waran
Information and Communication Technology in dissemination of Agricultural Technologies
Dr.J.Meenambigai
Associate Professor
Department of agricultural Extension
Faculty of Agriculture
Annamalai University
Chidambaram
Influence of Farmer Level of Education on the Practice of Improved Agricultur...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study examined the influence of farmers’ education level on the practice of improved agricultural technologies by farmers in Nyamusi division of Nyamira County. Multi-stage and stratified sampling techniques were applied for sample selection. Data collection was done by use of semi-structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. Among the descriptive statistic techniques used included Mean, Standard Deviations and frequencies. For Inferential statistics, correlation, Chi-square and cross tabulation were used to establish relationships between dependent and the independent variables. Internal consistency technique was used to ensure reliability of the research instrument through the computation of Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha and was found to be 0.81 which meant that the data collection instrument was consistent and reliable. A total of 332 questionnaires were filled by the sampled farmers but only 304 were completely and adequately filled and analysed giving a Questionnaire Return Rate (QRR) of 91.6%. The analysed data was presented using tables. The study revealed that 44.4% of the farmers had completed primary level education. The study established that farmer level of education did not significantly influence the practice of agricultural technologies. In order to boost farmer literacy levels, the study recommends that the Directorate of Adult and Continuing Education should consider working with farmer groups in promoting functionality of literacy centres.
A Proposed Model for Mobile Cloud Computing in Agricultureijsrd.com
This paper presents the recent development and application of mobile phones and cloud computing in agriculture. Basic concepts and technologies associated with mobile phones and cloud computing is highlighted. For better communication, sharing of information and profitability in agriculture, there is need for collaboration of cloud computing and mobile technology. This paper presents a framework in which a farmer can utilize mobile cloud computing on their handsets using various applications, to assist them for relatively better cultivation and marketing. The main application of this proposed framework is focused on to eliminate the problem of data storage, computational processing and sharing of information
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE...IAEME Publication
Information and Communications Technology is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications. ICT includes any communication device or application as radio, computer, television, network hardware, cellular phones, software, and satellite systems etc., as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as distance learning and video conferencing. It is an integration of the technologies and the processes to distribute and communicate the desired information to the target audience and making the target audience more participative in nature
Role and applications of ICT in Organic FarmingSowmyaNataraj3
This document discusses the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in organic farming. It begins with definitions of ICT and describes how ICT can benefit agriculture sectors through online services, e-commerce, and facilitating interactions. The document then discusses several ways ICT supports organic farming, including increasing access to information, aiding production and management, providing advisory services, enabling marketing and inputs access, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It provides examples of mobile apps, websites, and portals that provide information on organic farming. Finally, it summarizes several research studies that examined the use of ICT in organic farming advisory services and extension in countries like Bangladesh, Zambia, India, and a controlled study comparing ICT and traditional
The role of ICT in facilitating farmers’ accessibility to extension services ...Premier Publishers
The rapid pace of ICT development and its consequent use across economic, social and political spectrums has raised concerns among policy makers and practitioners over its potential to spur productivity in the agriculture sector as well. This paper examines the role that ICT can play in facilitating smallholder farmers’ accessibility to extension services and marketing of agricultural produce in Mbozi District. The study used structured questionnaires to collect information. A sample of 250 farmers was selected randomly and interviewed.The findings reveal that farmers are using ICT facilities to get access to extension services and in marketing maize in Mbozi District. The most preferred and major ICT tools used to inquire and receive extension services and market information are the mobile phones (53.88%), radio (23.67%), television (14.69%) and the internet (7.75%). However, effective use of ICT in the study area is constrained by poor infrastructure in rural areas, and lack of technical know-how exhibited in the lack of basic ICT skills. Other constraints are the erratic power supply, poor signals, lack of network, and lack of internet connectivity and a high cost of some ICT tools. This suggests that if requisite ICT infrastructures are put in place in Mbozi District, ICT can bring about significant benefits to smallholder farmers leading to increased agricultural productivity and hence poverty reduction. Thus, the study recommends promoting investment in renewable energy sources in order to address the problem of power in rural areas. Creating an enabling environment for ICT services accessibility, including the construction of transport and communication network infrastructures. The establishment of market information centers and telecenters in Mbozi District particularly in rural areas and advocating for the use of collective marketing through strengthened farmers groups to ease their access to ICT facilities.
This document discusses the role of information technology in Indian agriculture. It outlines how IT can increase food production and productivity through tools like weather forecasting, digital marketplaces, mobile advisory services, greenhouse monitoring technologies, and GPS/GIS systems. The document also examines IT initiatives in India, benefits of IT for farmers, and challenges to expanding agricultural IT, with the goal of improving decision making and farm management through information access.
Use of Information Communication Technologies Among Female Block Extension Ag...IOSRJAVS
Block Extension Agents are the extension workers who are specifically females and who carry out Gender sensitive issues for female farmers in Nigeria. They have the objective of seeing to the extension needs of the female farmers. The study assessed the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) among Block Extension Agents (BEAs) in South-East Agro-Ecological Zone of Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in the selection of the sample for the study. Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The mean age of the respondents was 40 years. All the BEAs sampled had formal education where more than half of them (51.04%) had first degree (B.Sc/B.Agric). The mean working experience of the respondents was 10 years. The mean income level of the respondents was N 33,875 per month. The extension agents claimed that twenty-five ICT facilities were available to them in varying degree. The attitude of the respondents towards the use of ICT facilities was positive (mean score=3.11). The extent of use of ICTs by the BEAs was low (mean score=1.45) which can be attributed to the low degree of availability of the ICTs than to their attitude towards the use of the ICT facilities. The BEAs identified thirteen (13) pressing problems that hindered their use of ICTs in varying degree and their major constraint (89.58%) as very limited access to the internet. It is recommended that the ADPs should provide such desirable working conditions that will encourage the BEAs to put in more years of their productive service to the ADPs; Workshops, conferences and seminars should be organized to train the BEAs in the use of ICTs which will improve efficiency in their work. ICT facilities should be made available to BEAs to enhance their productivity.
This document assesses farmers' use of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) as sources of agricultural information in Karaye Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria. A survey of 133 farmers found that few used video or mobile phones, while none used the internet. Chi-square analysis showed relationships between socioeconomic factors like sex, education, income, farm size, and ICT use. The study recommends mobilizing farmers' cooperatives to establish telecenters and train farmers in ICT applications to improve access to agricultural information. Overall access to and use of ICTs like the internet and mobile phones among farmers in the area remains low.
The information and communication is a vital resource for agriculture and may contribute considerably to make sure food security and property by making awareness and talent development through access to information. The initial and most distinguished player of information delivery is public sector extension services that from past few years are sometimes criticized for their ineffective targeting, poor reach and also the vast body value of delivering information. Since past few years, the forceful increase in mobile penetration even in rural areas has result in evolution of ICT-based extension services models to publicize agriculture connected information. The goal of discrimination the mobile phone-enabled info delivery mechanism is to possess inclusive growth by reducing the information gap between enormous and little farmers and by making awareness. With this end, this paper analysis specific objectives excluding distinguishing potential desires of data and also the existing sources, includes the meta analysis of mobile impact studies chiefly in India in terms of up farmers socio-economic conditions by being higher connected to extension services, improved access to markets and higher science info.
This document analyzes e-agriculture and its use among paddy farmers in Sri Lanka. It finds that familiarity with the term "e-agriculture" was 51% among surveyed farmers. The most commonly used technologies for agricultural activities were mobile phones, television, radio, and telephone. Potential benefits identified included access to weather forecasts, market prices, reduced transportation costs, and time savings. However, lack of ICT knowledge and training were found to be major barriers to adopting e-agriculture. The study recommends increasing awareness of e-agriculture concepts through workshops and a new mobile app to help farmers access information.
ICT enabled agriculture for sustainable rural economyDr G R Sinha
1) The document discusses how ICT can help enable sustainable rural economies through agriculture. It outlines how ICTs like mobile phones, internet, and sensors can help farmers increase yields and profits through tools for weather data, market prices, precision agriculture, and more.
2) The document recommends several ways research can help, such as developing applications to reduce food waste and loss, using remote sensing to monitor soil conditions and crop health, and creating networks to share agricultural innovations and knowledge.
3) ICTs can improve access to financial services and markets for farmers to improve productivity and sustainability. However, infrastructure and local language content need developing to ensure rural inclusion.
Paper presented International Conference on Data Science and Analytics - ICDSA'21 organized by Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Tamil Nadu, India on 19th February 2021
Development of agricultural e-commerce framework for India, a strategic appro...IJERA Editor
This study is aimed to put forward an inclusive and pertinent e-commerce framework that serves as a platform
for the development and improvement of rural agriculture sector in India; which plays a major role towards
socioeconomic development of rural livelihoods along with food security and poverty reduction. The main
approach used was to critically review and understand the National Informatics Centre (NIC) and the Ministry of
Agriculture policies. In general, these policies emphasize on promoting IT based information kiosks, establishing
gyan chaupals (Knowledge centers) in villages, construction of Agri-India knowledge portal. Next, the
challenges and information gaps were identified and translated in the form of agriculture e-commerce framework
which can be used to build an e-commerce application.
Kisan Mobile Advisory Service- An Effective ICT Tool for Technology Dissemina...inventionjournals
The shifting emphasis of Indian agriculture towards diversification, commercialization, sustainability and efficacy has made it necessary for the state extension organizations to critically examine their extension approaches in relation to livelihood of rural masses. It was observed that our population is growing; per capita availability of arable land and irrigation water is shrinking. The frequent suggestion for food import ignores the fact that agriculture is not food producing machine, but is the backbone of the livelihood security system for over 60 per cent population. Development in science and technology in general as well as information and communication technology in particular endorses with ways of facilitating a wide range of communication, information and advisory services in process of technology transformation. Actually extension official are grappling with the question of how best to harness information and communication technology to improve rural livelihood wit sustainability. Sustainability emerges out of shared human resources objectives, knowledge, decision, technology and organization. Kisan Mobile Advisory Services (KMAS), which is a part of the ICT tools is employed by the most of the Krishi Vigyan Kendras in Orissa. In the programme the mobile numbers of progressive farmers, Krishak Sathis (Farmers’ friend), extension officials, and input dealers were registered and grouping is done as per the enterprise/activity basis for facility of filtering purpose. Till April, 2014 about 15000 numbers were registered. The usual messages are being serving twice a week and timely information/advices are communicating as per the need of the situation. From the list of progressive farmers, seventy five farmers were selected for the study with the objective to know their preferences and utility in their field situation. Majority of the farmers opined that time specific advisories are most important followed by weather forecasting and marketing information. The messages on agronomic practices are most suitable followed by management of disease & pests are found to be most suited as per the result. They suggested to serve the message on local language.
Study use of ict for agriculture in giz projects giz snrd africaAgridurable
This document provides an overview of ICT for Agriculture (ICT4Ag), including its definition, past lessons, and current use in GIZ projects. ICT4Ag has the potential to transform smallholder farming and food security by providing farmers access to information on weather, prices, and best practices via technologies like mobile phones. However, past projects show that technology alone is not sufficient and must be well-integrated with human and social factors. The document then examines several current GIZ projects utilizing ICT4Ag across Africa and Asia to improve extension services, value chains, and innovation in the agricultural sector.
An Intensive Analtics for farmer using Big Data by vitul chauhan.pdfVitulChauhan
This document summarizes research on using big data analytics in agriculture. It discusses how big data can help balance food demand and supply as the population grows. The objectives are to use algorithms and historical data like weather patterns to predict outputs and guide farmers' decisions to optimize production and profits. Several research papers are reviewed that explore applications of big data for precision agriculture and how it can help fill the gap between farmers and technology. The goal is to integrate big data tools to improve farm yields and make agriculture more sustainable.
Telecentres as agricultural_knowledge_hubs_nsf2_aasw6_simonwandila2013Simon Wandila
This document discusses how telecentres in Southern Africa could be transformed into agricultural knowledge hubs to improve farmers' access to information. It finds that lack of ICT strategies in agriculture ministries and weak public-private partnerships limit telecentres' effectiveness. However, developing partnerships between telecentres, extension services, and private organizations could generate useful agricultural content for farmers and strengthen information sharing. The document recommends that governments adopt ICT strategies for agriculture and that organizations collaborate with telecentres on content development and capacity building to better serve farmers' information needs.
This document discusses the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) and mobile technology in agriculture in Maharashtra, India. It finds that ICT has played an important role in agricultural development by allowing farmers to connect directly with research centers, universities, government agencies, markets, and weather departments to access information on inputs, practices, prices, and forecasts. This has increased farmers' incomes in Maharashtra. However, many farmers still lack access to and knowledge of these technologies. The document examines several ICT initiatives and portals in Maharashtra that provide agricultural information to farmers via websites, SMS services, and other platforms. Overall, ICT and mobile technologies are transforming agriculture by improving access to knowledge and markets for farmers in Maharashtra.
Optimization Strategy of Utilization of Information and Communication Technol...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Simantri (Integrated Agricultural Systems) Program is an agricultural sector development program having been implemented by Bali Province Government since 2009. One of its objectives is to support the development of integrated and agribusiness-based agricultural diversification. Agribusiness sectors have significant differences if associated with the gap of mastering information and communication technology (ICT). The role of ICT optimally affects motivation for farmers to apply Simantri Program effectively in order to obtain the effects of increasing income and welfare. This study uses survey research design by examining a sample drawn from the existing population. The samples totaled 50 Farmers’ group union scattered in the regencies of Buleleng, Bangli, and Badung. The respondents were purposively determined i.e. three people per Farmers’ group union, so that the total respondents were 150 people. The main variables include usefulness, ease of use and attractiveness of ICT, attitudes towards ICT and usage optimization strategy. Strategies to optimize the utilization of ICT in Simantri Program are designed to add value to the level of success of the Simantri Programme today. Data analysis techniques in the design optimization of the use of ICT strategy model uses PLS-SEM model analysis with analysis tools SmartPLS version 3.0 M3 Strategies to optimize the utilization of ICT in the development of Simantri program in Bali can be done with the highest priority to optimize the level of satisfaction of users of ICT (user satisfaction), in this case the farmers’ group union members, then on the other hand take the steps oriented to impact the use of ICT itself, both individual impact (individual impact) and the impact of organizational (organizational impact), accompanied by an increase in the quality of information systems implemented (system quality).
Study climate and impact of ict in cultivation of crops in yawal taluka, khan...eSAT Journals
Abstract
India is agriculture based country having two different conditions of farming and farmers due to natural irregularity now a day.
Here in this project we are going to study the role of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the development of farmers
in Yawal Taluka in Khandesh region. Different ICTs are available for agriculture sector like SMS, Tele calling, TV, News let ters,
Magazines, call centers etc. After studying this we can conclude whether farmers are using available ICTs or not or whether there
is problem in using these ICTs due to lack of infrastructure and facilities in villages.
Keywords : ICT, SMS, Tele Calling, Call Centers
Interoperable and Distributed Processing in GIS to Sustain the Development of...Forokoro Kone
Since 1992, implement decentralization reformin Mali has made it possible to empower the populations in their own development planning. Resources distribution to local authorities requires detailed information of the constraints and the assets linked to their development. Data collected on the rural area are often poorly defined, redundant or incomplete and inefficiencies for sharing due to a lack of applied standard tools. The information is too descriptive and it is difficult to extract useful one for decision making process. There is inadequate information upon which to base resource allocation decisions. The purpose of this paper is to define data, that can be collected on rural municipalities or localities and handled by GIS to make information available to decision-makers, planners and beneficiaries. The data used from Malian poverty survey performed in 2001-2002 focused on the satisfaction of basic household needs. This concept is based on meeting those who lack access to basic living needs, which generally include clean water, sanitation, nutrition, primary health services, and basic education.The method used the platform of "MapGIS IGS, IIS6, Windows Server 2003, ASP.NET and MS SQL Server 2000" to develop an application GIS Web Service. Data areintegrated to the platform and published as services. The product outputhave been tested successfully on the intranet of Wuhan Zondy Cyber in the term of interoperability and extraction of the information needed.With this tool, each local authority can be a potential collector of his own data and participates to update the database. The Web Services model of the GIS systems described provides users with the services and data they need, without having to install, learn, or pay for any unused functionalities. The extension of this standardization in all ECOWAS countries would be a great advantage regarding the sharing of geographic information between countries.
In the early twentieth century, major representatives of the Jadid movement became active participants in the socio-political processes in the Turkestan region. Usmonkhoja Polatkhoja, a progressive from Bukhara, was one of the beams not only in the Emirate of Bukhara, but also in Turkestan. He first participated in the reforms and progressives, and later in the national liberation movements, and fought for the prosperity and independence of the country.This article provides information about Usmonkhoja's life and work in Jadidism, revolts, national liberation struggles, and emmigiration.
Flood is one of the natural disaster known to be part of the earth biophysical processes, which its occurrence can be devastating; due to mostly anthropogenic activities and climatological factors. The aim of the research is to identify and map the extent at which the impact of flood due to intense rainfall and rise in water in the study area using geospatial techniques and the specific objectives are to carry out terrain analysis of the study area and to generate flood indicator maps of the study area. The study analyzed rain fall data;, the drainage system and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM 30m) of the area. ArcGIS 10.8 was to modelled and to generate the contributing factors map of the study area. The drainage system was generated through on-screen digitization of topographic map of scale 1:50,000 of Ondo South-West. The mean annual rainfall of Lagos State was generated in the ArcGIS environment from the rainfall data through spatial analysis tool. The SRTM was used in terrain analysis of the study area. The results generated showed the lowest mean annual rain fall of the area 1,700mm and the highest mean annual rain fall was 2,440mm. Digital elevation model (DEM), slope, flow direction were generated from the SRTM. Drainage density of the area was generated using the drainage system. The slope map of the entire area which are classified into five slope classes of very high (14%-48.5%) to high (7.6%-13.9%) to moderately high (4.2%-7.6%) to low (1.5%-4.2%) and very low (0. % - 1.2%).
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Information and Communications Technology is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications. ICT includes any communication device or application as radio, computer, television, network hardware, cellular phones, software, and satellite systems etc., as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as distance learning and video conferencing. It is an integration of the technologies and the processes to distribute and communicate the desired information to the target audience and making the target audience more participative in nature
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This document discusses the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in organic farming. It begins with definitions of ICT and describes how ICT can benefit agriculture sectors through online services, e-commerce, and facilitating interactions. The document then discusses several ways ICT supports organic farming, including increasing access to information, aiding production and management, providing advisory services, enabling marketing and inputs access, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It provides examples of mobile apps, websites, and portals that provide information on organic farming. Finally, it summarizes several research studies that examined the use of ICT in organic farming advisory services and extension in countries like Bangladesh, Zambia, India, and a controlled study comparing ICT and traditional
The role of ICT in facilitating farmers’ accessibility to extension services ...Premier Publishers
The rapid pace of ICT development and its consequent use across economic, social and political spectrums has raised concerns among policy makers and practitioners over its potential to spur productivity in the agriculture sector as well. This paper examines the role that ICT can play in facilitating smallholder farmers’ accessibility to extension services and marketing of agricultural produce in Mbozi District. The study used structured questionnaires to collect information. A sample of 250 farmers was selected randomly and interviewed.The findings reveal that farmers are using ICT facilities to get access to extension services and in marketing maize in Mbozi District. The most preferred and major ICT tools used to inquire and receive extension services and market information are the mobile phones (53.88%), radio (23.67%), television (14.69%) and the internet (7.75%). However, effective use of ICT in the study area is constrained by poor infrastructure in rural areas, and lack of technical know-how exhibited in the lack of basic ICT skills. Other constraints are the erratic power supply, poor signals, lack of network, and lack of internet connectivity and a high cost of some ICT tools. This suggests that if requisite ICT infrastructures are put in place in Mbozi District, ICT can bring about significant benefits to smallholder farmers leading to increased agricultural productivity and hence poverty reduction. Thus, the study recommends promoting investment in renewable energy sources in order to address the problem of power in rural areas. Creating an enabling environment for ICT services accessibility, including the construction of transport and communication network infrastructures. The establishment of market information centers and telecenters in Mbozi District particularly in rural areas and advocating for the use of collective marketing through strengthened farmers groups to ease their access to ICT facilities.
This document discusses the role of information technology in Indian agriculture. It outlines how IT can increase food production and productivity through tools like weather forecasting, digital marketplaces, mobile advisory services, greenhouse monitoring technologies, and GPS/GIS systems. The document also examines IT initiatives in India, benefits of IT for farmers, and challenges to expanding agricultural IT, with the goal of improving decision making and farm management through information access.
Use of Information Communication Technologies Among Female Block Extension Ag...IOSRJAVS
Block Extension Agents are the extension workers who are specifically females and who carry out Gender sensitive issues for female farmers in Nigeria. They have the objective of seeing to the extension needs of the female farmers. The study assessed the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) among Block Extension Agents (BEAs) in South-East Agro-Ecological Zone of Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in the selection of the sample for the study. Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The mean age of the respondents was 40 years. All the BEAs sampled had formal education where more than half of them (51.04%) had first degree (B.Sc/B.Agric). The mean working experience of the respondents was 10 years. The mean income level of the respondents was N 33,875 per month. The extension agents claimed that twenty-five ICT facilities were available to them in varying degree. The attitude of the respondents towards the use of ICT facilities was positive (mean score=3.11). The extent of use of ICTs by the BEAs was low (mean score=1.45) which can be attributed to the low degree of availability of the ICTs than to their attitude towards the use of the ICT facilities. The BEAs identified thirteen (13) pressing problems that hindered their use of ICTs in varying degree and their major constraint (89.58%) as very limited access to the internet. It is recommended that the ADPs should provide such desirable working conditions that will encourage the BEAs to put in more years of their productive service to the ADPs; Workshops, conferences and seminars should be organized to train the BEAs in the use of ICTs which will improve efficiency in their work. ICT facilities should be made available to BEAs to enhance their productivity.
This document assesses farmers' use of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) as sources of agricultural information in Karaye Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria. A survey of 133 farmers found that few used video or mobile phones, while none used the internet. Chi-square analysis showed relationships between socioeconomic factors like sex, education, income, farm size, and ICT use. The study recommends mobilizing farmers' cooperatives to establish telecenters and train farmers in ICT applications to improve access to agricultural information. Overall access to and use of ICTs like the internet and mobile phones among farmers in the area remains low.
The information and communication is a vital resource for agriculture and may contribute considerably to make sure food security and property by making awareness and talent development through access to information. The initial and most distinguished player of information delivery is public sector extension services that from past few years are sometimes criticized for their ineffective targeting, poor reach and also the vast body value of delivering information. Since past few years, the forceful increase in mobile penetration even in rural areas has result in evolution of ICT-based extension services models to publicize agriculture connected information. The goal of discrimination the mobile phone-enabled info delivery mechanism is to possess inclusive growth by reducing the information gap between enormous and little farmers and by making awareness. With this end, this paper analysis specific objectives excluding distinguishing potential desires of data and also the existing sources, includes the meta analysis of mobile impact studies chiefly in India in terms of up farmers socio-economic conditions by being higher connected to extension services, improved access to markets and higher science info.
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ICT enabled agriculture for sustainable rural economyDr G R Sinha
1) The document discusses how ICT can help enable sustainable rural economies through agriculture. It outlines how ICTs like mobile phones, internet, and sensors can help farmers increase yields and profits through tools for weather data, market prices, precision agriculture, and more.
2) The document recommends several ways research can help, such as developing applications to reduce food waste and loss, using remote sensing to monitor soil conditions and crop health, and creating networks to share agricultural innovations and knowledge.
3) ICTs can improve access to financial services and markets for farmers to improve productivity and sustainability. However, infrastructure and local language content need developing to ensure rural inclusion.
Paper presented International Conference on Data Science and Analytics - ICDSA'21 organized by Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Tamil Nadu, India on 19th February 2021
Development of agricultural e-commerce framework for India, a strategic appro...IJERA Editor
This study is aimed to put forward an inclusive and pertinent e-commerce framework that serves as a platform
for the development and improvement of rural agriculture sector in India; which plays a major role towards
socioeconomic development of rural livelihoods along with food security and poverty reduction. The main
approach used was to critically review and understand the National Informatics Centre (NIC) and the Ministry of
Agriculture policies. In general, these policies emphasize on promoting IT based information kiosks, establishing
gyan chaupals (Knowledge centers) in villages, construction of Agri-India knowledge portal. Next, the
challenges and information gaps were identified and translated in the form of agriculture e-commerce framework
which can be used to build an e-commerce application.
Kisan Mobile Advisory Service- An Effective ICT Tool for Technology Dissemina...inventionjournals
The shifting emphasis of Indian agriculture towards diversification, commercialization, sustainability and efficacy has made it necessary for the state extension organizations to critically examine their extension approaches in relation to livelihood of rural masses. It was observed that our population is growing; per capita availability of arable land and irrigation water is shrinking. The frequent suggestion for food import ignores the fact that agriculture is not food producing machine, but is the backbone of the livelihood security system for over 60 per cent population. Development in science and technology in general as well as information and communication technology in particular endorses with ways of facilitating a wide range of communication, information and advisory services in process of technology transformation. Actually extension official are grappling with the question of how best to harness information and communication technology to improve rural livelihood wit sustainability. Sustainability emerges out of shared human resources objectives, knowledge, decision, technology and organization. Kisan Mobile Advisory Services (KMAS), which is a part of the ICT tools is employed by the most of the Krishi Vigyan Kendras in Orissa. In the programme the mobile numbers of progressive farmers, Krishak Sathis (Farmers’ friend), extension officials, and input dealers were registered and grouping is done as per the enterprise/activity basis for facility of filtering purpose. Till April, 2014 about 15000 numbers were registered. The usual messages are being serving twice a week and timely information/advices are communicating as per the need of the situation. From the list of progressive farmers, seventy five farmers were selected for the study with the objective to know their preferences and utility in their field situation. Majority of the farmers opined that time specific advisories are most important followed by weather forecasting and marketing information. The messages on agronomic practices are most suitable followed by management of disease & pests are found to be most suited as per the result. They suggested to serve the message on local language.
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This document discusses how telecentres in Southern Africa could be transformed into agricultural knowledge hubs to improve farmers' access to information. It finds that lack of ICT strategies in agriculture ministries and weak public-private partnerships limit telecentres' effectiveness. However, developing partnerships between telecentres, extension services, and private organizations could generate useful agricultural content for farmers and strengthen information sharing. The document recommends that governments adopt ICT strategies for agriculture and that organizations collaborate with telecentres on content development and capacity building to better serve farmers' information needs.
This document discusses the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) and mobile technology in agriculture in Maharashtra, India. It finds that ICT has played an important role in agricultural development by allowing farmers to connect directly with research centers, universities, government agencies, markets, and weather departments to access information on inputs, practices, prices, and forecasts. This has increased farmers' incomes in Maharashtra. However, many farmers still lack access to and knowledge of these technologies. The document examines several ICT initiatives and portals in Maharashtra that provide agricultural information to farmers via websites, SMS services, and other platforms. Overall, ICT and mobile technologies are transforming agriculture by improving access to knowledge and markets for farmers in Maharashtra.
Optimization Strategy of Utilization of Information and Communication Technol...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Simantri (Integrated Agricultural Systems) Program is an agricultural sector development program having been implemented by Bali Province Government since 2009. One of its objectives is to support the development of integrated and agribusiness-based agricultural diversification. Agribusiness sectors have significant differences if associated with the gap of mastering information and communication technology (ICT). The role of ICT optimally affects motivation for farmers to apply Simantri Program effectively in order to obtain the effects of increasing income and welfare. This study uses survey research design by examining a sample drawn from the existing population. The samples totaled 50 Farmers’ group union scattered in the regencies of Buleleng, Bangli, and Badung. The respondents were purposively determined i.e. three people per Farmers’ group union, so that the total respondents were 150 people. The main variables include usefulness, ease of use and attractiveness of ICT, attitudes towards ICT and usage optimization strategy. Strategies to optimize the utilization of ICT in Simantri Program are designed to add value to the level of success of the Simantri Programme today. Data analysis techniques in the design optimization of the use of ICT strategy model uses PLS-SEM model analysis with analysis tools SmartPLS version 3.0 M3 Strategies to optimize the utilization of ICT in the development of Simantri program in Bali can be done with the highest priority to optimize the level of satisfaction of users of ICT (user satisfaction), in this case the farmers’ group union members, then on the other hand take the steps oriented to impact the use of ICT itself, both individual impact (individual impact) and the impact of organizational (organizational impact), accompanied by an increase in the quality of information systems implemented (system quality).
Study climate and impact of ict in cultivation of crops in yawal taluka, khan...eSAT Journals
Abstract
India is agriculture based country having two different conditions of farming and farmers due to natural irregularity now a day.
Here in this project we are going to study the role of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the development of farmers
in Yawal Taluka in Khandesh region. Different ICTs are available for agriculture sector like SMS, Tele calling, TV, News let ters,
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is problem in using these ICTs due to lack of infrastructure and facilities in villages.
Keywords : ICT, SMS, Tele Calling, Call Centers
Interoperable and Distributed Processing in GIS to Sustain the Development of...Forokoro Kone
Since 1992, implement decentralization reformin Mali has made it possible to empower the populations in their own development planning. Resources distribution to local authorities requires detailed information of the constraints and the assets linked to their development. Data collected on the rural area are often poorly defined, redundant or incomplete and inefficiencies for sharing due to a lack of applied standard tools. The information is too descriptive and it is difficult to extract useful one for decision making process. There is inadequate information upon which to base resource allocation decisions. The purpose of this paper is to define data, that can be collected on rural municipalities or localities and handled by GIS to make information available to decision-makers, planners and beneficiaries. The data used from Malian poverty survey performed in 2001-2002 focused on the satisfaction of basic household needs. This concept is based on meeting those who lack access to basic living needs, which generally include clean water, sanitation, nutrition, primary health services, and basic education.The method used the platform of "MapGIS IGS, IIS6, Windows Server 2003, ASP.NET and MS SQL Server 2000" to develop an application GIS Web Service. Data areintegrated to the platform and published as services. The product outputhave been tested successfully on the intranet of Wuhan Zondy Cyber in the term of interoperability and extraction of the information needed.With this tool, each local authority can be a potential collector of his own data and participates to update the database. The Web Services model of the GIS systems described provides users with the services and data they need, without having to install, learn, or pay for any unused functionalities. The extension of this standardization in all ECOWAS countries would be a great advantage regarding the sharing of geographic information between countries.
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In the early twentieth century, major representatives of the Jadid movement became active participants in the socio-political processes in the Turkestan region. Usmonkhoja Polatkhoja, a progressive from Bukhara, was one of the beams not only in the Emirate of Bukhara, but also in Turkestan. He first participated in the reforms and progressives, and later in the national liberation movements, and fought for the prosperity and independence of the country.This article provides information about Usmonkhoja's life and work in Jadidism, revolts, national liberation struggles, and emmigiration.
Flood is one of the natural disaster known to be part of the earth biophysical processes, which its occurrence can be devastating; due to mostly anthropogenic activities and climatological factors. The aim of the research is to identify and map the extent at which the impact of flood due to intense rainfall and rise in water in the study area using geospatial techniques and the specific objectives are to carry out terrain analysis of the study area and to generate flood indicator maps of the study area. The study analyzed rain fall data;, the drainage system and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM 30m) of the area. ArcGIS 10.8 was to modelled and to generate the contributing factors map of the study area. The drainage system was generated through on-screen digitization of topographic map of scale 1:50,000 of Ondo South-West. The mean annual rainfall of Lagos State was generated in the ArcGIS environment from the rainfall data through spatial analysis tool. The SRTM was used in terrain analysis of the study area. The results generated showed the lowest mean annual rain fall of the area 1,700mm and the highest mean annual rain fall was 2,440mm. Digital elevation model (DEM), slope, flow direction were generated from the SRTM. Drainage density of the area was generated using the drainage system. The slope map of the entire area which are classified into five slope classes of very high (14%-48.5%) to high (7.6%-13.9%) to moderately high (4.2%-7.6%) to low (1.5%-4.2%) and very low (0. % - 1.2%).
Work study is a catch-all phrase encompassing a variety of methodologies, including method research and work measurement, that are applied in a variety of contexts and lead to a systematic assessment of all elements that affect the efficiency and economy of the situation under evaluation that is meant to be improved. The main aim of this study is to examine and enhance the process token in manufacturing a Perfume of the famous, well-known, aromatic, and beautiful Taif Roses. Some changes in the process has been suggested using method study and time study method which lead to reduction in process time, labor cost and production cost.
Workers are the maximum precious method of an association. Their importance to institutions requires not most effective the want to draw the trendy bents but additionally the need to preserve them for a long term. This paper specializes in reviewing the findings of former research carried out with the aid of colourful experimenters with the quit to identify determinants factors of hand retention. This exploration almost looked at the subsequent broad factors improvement openings, reimbursement, work- lifestyles balance, operation/ management, work terrain, social aid, autonomy, training and improvement.
Watering plants during the correct time is very important due to scientific reasons. Both underwatering, as well as overwatering, can lead to the growth of unhealthy plants or in extreme cases, the death of the plant/tree. These issues which are the case with most self-gardeners and plant lovers can be solved using the smart irrigation technique. The main purpose of this innovation is to assist plant lovers to continue their passion to grow plants at home with ease. Smart irrigation system helps in monitoring the moisture level which majorly affects plant growth besides other factors such as sunlight, fertility of the soil, etc. The digital planting pot has been designed in a way that it effectively incorporates the idea of smart irrigation. Arduino Uno R3 has been used as the main chip in this project along with a few other components like a soil moisture sensor, relay, and water pump. This project requires coding to synchronize all the components, and function properly. A required test has been carried out to review the functioning of the mechanism. The project was tested by once using the soil with enough moisture in the pot and then the soil with the least moisture. Both times, it worked exactly how it was supposed to function. When the soil with the least moisture was tested, there was a clear indication of a low level of moisture and accordingly, the water pump got triggered to water the plant, and when the soil with enough moisture was tested, there was again the clear indication of the correct level of moisture and the water pump was inactive. All the readings which were displayed on the LCD were checked back and forth during the project. The outcomes were the same as expected. Hence, it shows that every component in this project is actively functioning and the whole project is effectively designed.
Because of its accessibility and flexibility, cloud technology is among the most notable innovations in today's world. Having many service platforms, such as GoogleApps by Google, Amazon, Apple, and so on, is well accepted by large enterprises. Distributed cloud computing is a concept for enabling every-time, convenient, on-demand network access to processing resources including servers, storage devices, networks, and services that may be mutually configured. The major security risks for cloud computing as identified by the Cloud security alliance (CSA) have been examined in this study. Also, methods for resolving issues with cloud computing technology's data security and privacy protection were systematically examined.
This study's goal is to present Solutions for Determining the importance level of criteria in creating cultural resources’ attractiveness from tourists’ evaluation. Data were collected from 558 international tourists who chose Vietnam as the destination for tourism.
The study points out that we need to resolve challenges such as: building a safe, friendly destination, etc., destinations need to review and re-evaluate the services of their products and tourist attractions to prepare for the largest number of visitors and stimulate the domestic tourism market is a good solution: To boost the domestic tourism market, it is necessary to increase domestic flights and train connections to major tourist destinations.
A new convenient and efficient route for the synthesis of two very important hydroxo-bridged stepped-cubane copper complexes viz: [Cu4(bpy)4Cl2(OH)4]Cl2.6H2O (1) and [Cu4(phen)4Cl2(OH)4]Cl2.6H2O (2) have been obtained. This synthetic route from the mononuclear CubpyCl2 complex is easier, more reproducible and afforded the complex in a much higher yield than the other two previously reported procedures which were equally serendipitously discovered. The purity and formation of the complexes were confirmed with elemental (C,H,N) analysis and the details of the UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared, electrospray ionization mass spectra of both complexes and the single crystal X-ray crystallography of 1 are presented and discussed. X-ray crystallography confirms the absolute structure of the complexes. The complexes were formed via the connection of four copper atoms to four hydroxide bridging ligands and four bipyridyl ligands with two chloride ligands. There are two coordinate environments around two pairs of copper atoms (CuN2ClO2 and CuN2O3) and each copper atom is pentacoordinate with square pyramidal geometry.
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., which is commonly known as jackfruit is a tropical fruit, belonging to Moraceae family, native to Western Ghats of India and common in Asia, Africa, and some regions in South America. It is known to be the largest edible fruit in the world. The Jackfruit is an extremely versatile and sweet tasting fruit that possess high nutritional value. Jackfruit is rich in nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. The jackfruit has diverse medicinal uses especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties, anticancer and antifungal activity, anthelminthic activity. Traditionally, this plant is used in the treatment of various diseases especially for treatment against inflammation, malarial fever, diarrhoea, diabetes and tapeworm infection. Jackfruit is a good natural source of phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids and tannins, saponins. The health benefits of jackfruit have been attributed to its wide range of physicochemical applications. The use of jackfruit bulbs and its parts has also been reported since ancient times for their therapeutic qualities. The beneficial physiological effects may also have preventive application in a variety of pathologies.
Myogenic differentiation requires to be exactly explored for the effective treatment of fracture. The speed of healing is affected by skeletal muscle, linked to activation of specific myogenic transcription factors during the repair process. In previous study, we discovered that psoralen enhanced differentiation of osteoblast in primary mouse. In the current study, we show that psoralen stimulates myogenic differentiation through the secretion of factors to hone the quality of repair in fractured mice. 3-month old mice were treated with corn oil or psoralen followed by a tibial fracture surgery. Fractures were tested 7, 14, and 21 days respectively later by histology and images observation. Skeletal muscles including soleus muscle and posterior tibial muscle around the damaged bone were collected for quantitative real-time PCR, HE staining, as well as western blot. Daily treatment with psoralen at seven, fourteen days or twenty-one days improves protein or mRNA levels responsible for the whole myogenic differentiation process, makes the muscle fibers more tightly aligned, and promotes callus formation and development. This data shows that high levels of myogenic transcription factors in the process of fracture healing in mice foster the repair of damaged muscles, and indicates a pharmacological approach that targets myogenic differentiation to improve fracture repair. This also reflects the academic thought of "paying equal attention to both muscles and bones" in the prevention and treatment of fracture healing.
The current pandemic has generated the search for new reliable and economic alternatives for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which produces the COVID-19 disease, one of the recommendations by the World Health Organization, is the detection of the virus by RT-qPCR methods from upper respiratory tract samples. The discomfort of the pharyngeal nasopharyngeal swab described by patients, the requirement of trained personnel, and the generation of aerosols, are factors that increase the risk of infections in this type of intake. It is known that the main means of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is through aerosols or small droplets, which is why saliva is important as a relevant means of detecting COVID-19. In this study, a modified method based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA release from saliva is described, avoiding the isolation and purification of the genetic material and its quantification of viral copies; the results are compared with paired pharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab samples (EF/EN). Results showed good agreement in saliva samples compared to EF/EN samples. On average, a sensitivity for virus detection of 80% was demonstrated in saliva samples competing with EF/EN samples. The use of saliva is a reliable alternative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by means of RT-PCR in the first days of infection, having important advantages over the conventional method. Saliva still needs to be studied completely to evaluate the detection capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, however, the described process is viable, due to the decrease in materials and supplies, process times, the increment in the sampling and improvement of laboratory performance.
A recent study establishes that since 1970, there has been an ecological gap between human needs and the planet's resources, with annual resource demand exceeding the bio-productivity of the planet. Specifically, humanity utilises equivalent of 1.75 earths to produce the ecological resources used, with half of this attributable to food consumption. The present work therefore seeks to provide an empirically-based insight into the environmental sustainability of the EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used, and primary data were collected from 400 systemically sampled households via structured questionnaires and analysed descriptively using Microsoft Excel and inferentially using mathematical models for calculating ecological footprints. Findings revealed that the household EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode is 0.05gha per capita, with the footprint of cereal consumption (0.17gha; 37%) taking the major share, followed by meat with a footprint of 0.11gha (23.9%). As a result, it was concluded that Ijebu Ode has sustainable food consumption, which is necessary for its environmental sustainability. However, the sustenance of the former requires creating awareness of the need for sustainable consumption and prioritisation of integrated and population-wide policies and food intervention initiatives to encourage attitudinal change in favour of sustainable food consumption while fostering sustainable food production strategies amidst current environmental realities.
The symmetry occurs in most of the phenomena explained by physics, for example, a particle has positive or negative charges, and the electric dipoles that have the charge (+q) and (-q) which are at a certain distance (d), north or south magnetic poles and for a magnetic bar or magnetic compass with two poles: North (N) and South (S) poles, spins up or down of the electron at the atom and for the nucleons in the nucleus In this form, the particle should also have mass symmetry. For convenience and due to later explanations, I call this mass symmetry or mass duality as follows: mass and mass cloud. The mass cloud is located in the respective orbitals given by the Schrödinger equation. The orbitals represent the possible locations or places of the particle which are determined probabilistically by the respective Schröndiger equation.
Metal-organic molybdenum complexes were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using ammonium heptamolybdate as the metallic source, and as the organic ligand terephthalic acid (BDC) or bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), obtained via glycolysis of poly(ethylene)terephthalate (PET). The BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo complexes were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TGA, ATR-FTIR, SEM, XPS and their in vitro biocompatibility was tested by porcine fibroblasts viability. The results show that molybdates (MoO4-2) are coordinated to the carbonyl functional groups of BDC and BHET by urea bonding (-NH-CO-NH-) which is related to their high biocompatibility and high thermal stability. These organic molybdate complexes possess rectangular prism particles made up of rods arrays characteristics of molybdenum oxides (MoO3). The organic complexes BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo do not show to be cytotoxic for porcine dermal fibroblasts growing on their surface for up to 48 h of culture.
Exercise training with varying intensity increases maximal oxygen intake (VO2max), a strong predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Purpose: The aim of this study was to find out the influence of low intensity aerobic training on the vo2 max in 11 to 14 years school girls in Hyderabad district. Methodology: The research scholar has randomly selected thirty (N=30) high school girls were selected as subjects and their age ranged between 11 to 14 years. The subjects were divided into two equal groups, each group consist of 15 total 30. Group one acted as experimental group (EG) and group two acted as control group (CG). The dependent variable vo2 max was selected and it is measured by manual test. Statistical Tool: The statistical tool paired sample ‘t’ test was used for analysing of the data and the obtained ‘t’ ratio was tested for significance at 0.05 level of confidence. Results: The analysis of the data revealed that there was a significant improvement on vo2 max by the application of low intensity aerobic.
Hybrid rice has the potential to outperform existing inbred rice and was said to have the potential to produce 14-20 % more yield. In response, Malaysia Government has introduced its very own first Hybrid Rice Variety knew as Kadaria 1 developed by MARDI. This is in line with one of the strategies outlined in Dasar Agromakanan Negara (DAN) 2011-2020 as an approach to increasing rice productivity within Malaysia. The next step would be developing our hybrid seed rice production system. Therefore, an experiment to determine the planting ratio and planting distance between 0025A (A)-a hybrid with MR283 (R)-inbreed variety was carried out. Planting ratios studied in this study were 2:4, 2:6, 2:8, and 2:10 while planting distance was 14 x 30 cm, 16 x 30 cm, and 18 x 30 cm. Statistical analyses suggested that yield R, yield A, and panicle number A were significantly affected by planting ratios while yield A was significantly affected by an interaction between planting distance and planting ratios. Panicle number A performed significantly higher at planting ratios of 2:4 compared to 2:10. Yield R shows higher significant performance under ratio 2:6 compared to 2:4 and 2:8. Relatively, yield A performed the best under planting distance of 18 x 30 cm. Furthermore, under this particular planting distance, the planting ratio of 2:10 shows the highest significant figure while 2:8 exhibits statistical parity. Both yield R and yield A were significantly affected by planting ratios and have a significant positive association with each other. Therefore, the planting ratio of 2:10 should be the best since it contributed to significantly highest value for yield A while yield R under 2:10 shows statistical parity with 2:6 which was the highest significant value. In conclusion, the combination of 2:10 with a planting distance of 18 x 30 cm was the best since it shows best potential for both yields A and yield R
This document summarizes a study on cassava production systems in the Tivaouane department of Senegal. Key findings include:
- Cassava is an important crop for food security but production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries.
- The study examined farming practices through surveys of 85 producers in 8 communes across two agro-ecological zones.
- Analysis showed cassava is only grown during rainy season with traditional cultivation methods. Four of five recommended varieties were grown, with different varieties preferred in each zone.
Cassava plays an important role in improving food security and reducing poverty in rural areas. Despite its importance, its production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries. Nowadays, it is confronted with numerous constraints. It is in this context that a study was conducted on the cassava production system in the Thiès "cassava granary" region, with the objective of examining farmers' cultivation practices. It was conducted in eight communes located in the department of Tivaouane, some of which are located in the Niayes agro-ecological zone and others in the central-northern groundnut basin. Surveys were conducted among the largest cassava producers in these communes. Analysis of the results showed that cassava is only grown in the rainy season with the same cultivation practices that have been used for years. Of the five varieties listed by the President of the Senegalese Cassava Interprofession, only four are grown in the areas surveyed. The Terrasse (43%) and Kombo (36%) varieties are grown more by our respondents in the Niayes area. Soya (75%) and Wallet "Parydiey" (20% of our sample) dominate in the central-northern groundnut basin.
We are witnessing very demanding and stressful times in which we live, and an occupation that is particularly exposed to stress and different working conditions is the job of a nurse. Exposing themselves to everyday challenges and stressful situations, nurses reach a stage of great emotional and physical exhaustion, lethargy, dissatisfaction, and poorer work achievements, which we know as burnout. The aim of this paper was to determine whether there is and to what extent professional burnout is present in nurses and technicians working in nursing homes across Slovenia and Croatia. The paper is answering the questions of the extent of the burnout influenced by individual characteristics (age, education, years of service and work experience at the current workplace). The study involved a validated questionnaire “The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI)” to measure professional burnout. Surveying of the nurses was conducted online at their home institutions. The results show that all respondents have a medium or high level of professional burnout, while no one has a low level or shows no signs of burnout. In terms of age, the group from 55-65 years of age had the highest relative level of burnout in the age group category. With regard to education, the highest burnout was measured in registered nurses.
This document discusses hepatitis and its transmission through needlestick injuries. It covers the different types of hepatitis viruses, their epidemiology, risk factors, and transmission. Healthcare workers are at high risk of contracting hepatitis B and C through needlestick injuries involving contaminated needles and sharps. Dental professionals face increased risk due to exposure to blood and saliva. The document recommends vaccination, safe handling of needles and sharps, and post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent transmission of hepatitis viruses occupationally.
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Effectiveness of Using Digital Technologies and Digital Labour in Farm Management towards Shaping Precision Farming to Achieve Food Security: A Malawian Perspective
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land management practices (NPC, 2020). It is thus imperative that Malawi develops and implements strategies to
modernise the agricultural sector.
Farm digital technologies can be described as the use of new and advanced technologies, integrated into one
system, to enable farmers and other stakeholders within the agriculture value chain to improve food production
(Digital Agriculture: Feeding the Future, 2017). They provide quantitative data that have been difficult to measure
and interpret through the years thereby improving farming economic models (Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations, 2017). The resulting combined data is analysed and interpreted so the farmer can make
informed and appropriate decisions on the farming strategies to increase food production and keep up with the
growing population. As explained by (FAO, 2017) intensive use of modern ICT helps to increase the performance
of agricultural extension. Examples of new digital agro-advisory services include SMS-based market information
services and facilitation of farmer-to-farmer knowledge sharing with available mobile applications providing
market location and price information, farming equipment connections, soil maps, weather predictions and the
like. Front line workers are helped with such kind of approach, proving the fact that Information and
Communication Technologies (ICTs) possess vital role to agricultural extension planning.
Digital Labour
Historically, work has been bound to geographic location where workers were place-based such that when a
worker knocks off the labour power goes home as well (Graham et al., 2017a). The Internet has changed much of
this in that workers and user of end products of work can be at different locations but still get maximum benefit.
Technology has supported changes that have transformed lives. The innovative potential of young people used in
farms, combined with the power of technology proves to be a powerful force towards achieving the sustainable
development goals (UN, 2019).
Digital labour is thus understood to mean online activity producing value such as producing content for social
media platforms (Paakkari et al., 2019). Digital labour has become a permanent part of daily life where it has been
intertwined with several facets of human living. For instance, in agriculture web-based application, using cloud
computing, have been established where agricultural extension coordinators can be sharing farming information
and experience in dealing with interventions to a problem.
Digital labour, as an information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) can be a catalyst to
economic development (Graham et al., 2017b). It can help in the exchange of information and experience among
key stakeholders in agriculture through value-producing online activity, like exchange of farm content through
social media platforms among farmers groups (Paakkaria, Rautiob, & Valasmoc, 2019). There is thus a need to
study the role of digital labour in enhancing agriculture in the context of a developing country like Malawi.
This review then, seeks to determine the effectiveness of digital technology in agriculture and determine how
site-specific information generated by digital technology be analysed to implement precision farming in Malawi.
The researcher endeavour to shape smart farming through analysing site-specific information and employing
digital labour to implement precision farming in Malawi.
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The article is influenced by two cases which have shown to employ digital labour: Strengthening Agriculture and
Nutrition Extension (SANE) Project and the SOIL HEALTH Project which is under One Planet Education
Network (OPEN) Sustainable Agriculture Soil Health Project.
Strengthening Agriculture and Nutrition Extension (SANE) Project and Digital Labour
SANE project, which has worked with Malawi government for 5 years through partnership with Department of
Agricultural Extension Services (DAES), has strengthened DAES’S capacity (Rivera, 2021; SANE, 2017). SANE
has rolled out to 200 extension workers within the USAID and Feed the Future zone of influence aiming at
mobilising and working with service providers to deliver agricultural nutrition extension and advisory services by
strengthening linkages between extension service providers, and farmers (SANE, 2017).
The AgReach, a research program based at the University of Illinois developed Extension Helper App (EHA)
which was rolled out in February 2021. EHA is a portal-based, digital package including an application-based
dashboard for superiors to see and manage field data, oversee worker productivity, manage resources, view farmer
data trends and support decision making (Rivera, 2021). An extension coordinator for the community, at field
level, monitor frontline staff’s individual farmer, farmer groups and stakeholder platform visits. An extension
worker can collect data during visits and then synchronise the data to a cloud storage system. The coordinator then
view progress on the management portal overseeing the broader Extension Planning Area (EPA) and generate field
staff productivity reports for the month. The EHA supports frontline workers by streamlining the data collection
and reporting.
One Planet Education Network (OPEN) Sustainable Agriculture Soil Health Project and Digital Labour
OPEN is a student-led, expert guided research project. One of its goals is to help small holder farmers and
communities adapt to and mitigate climate change impacts while increasing yields through application of
sustainable practices (OPEN, 2021a). OPEN delivers Project-Based Learning (PBL) curricula and collaborative
software for ongoing global education discussion forums for teachers and students. The activities correspond to
working out and bridging digital divide discourse. The project demonstrate application of digital labour where
numerous participating schools and experts are sharing experimental agriculture research results with each other
including knowledge sharing by asking questions, uploading research data, project images, and videos on
agriculture experiments, and addressing issues through online project related collaborative forums (Fuchs &
Sevignani, 2013) (Ahmed, 2007).
OPEN improves production sustainably with accurate real-time monitoring data by integrating smart farm Internet
of Things (IoT) technologies. OPEN will provide Internet sensors and network technologies at school and
University test plots. It will also deploy new technologies for high-speed Internet connectivity and sensor data
network relay systems for participating schools and farm communities (OPEN, 2021a). As claimed by (McKnight
et al., 2019), these internet backpack will allow near real time access to data from Internet-connected smart farm
agriculture sensors from school and adjacent farm research plots, as well as local on-board storage systems in a
way embracing digital labour.
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OPEN demonstrates digital labour by designing, deploying, and integrating OPEN infrastructure education
program-related Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks and related technologies with support of OPEN’s IoT
sensor network experts, other technology experts, and when on board, relevant Malawi partners and ministries
(OPEN, 2021b). Prior related technologies and tech programs will be integrated within IoT network systems and
community infrastructure programs including Esri GIS Geospatial Mapping, and Virtual Reality and Augmented
Reality (VR/AR) visualization technologies.
Methods
This paper first employed desk research to find the effectiveness of digital technologies with focus on Extension
Helper Application in farming to achieve food security. This involved analysing SANE project implemented in
Malawi at the department of Agriculture Extension services in partnership with AgReach research program at
university of Illonois and secondly researcher employed action research with OPEN project using digital tools and
digital labour in addressing issues of cite specific information to achieve precision farming utilising technology
capability framework.
Natural Resources College (NRC), a constituent college of Lilongwe University of Agricultural and Natural
Resources (LUANAR), was provided with 4-in-1 soil tester probe, the digital soil tester shown in fig.1 capable of
testing soil moisture, temperature, pH and fertility by inserting the probe into soil about 2-4 inches then check
parameters after approximately 10 minutes. OPEN’s technical teams will provide internet sensors and network
technologies at school and University test plots. In this initial NRC university campus implementation and later to
a farm/community garden pilot program, OPEN and its technical partners will deploy new technologies for
high-speed internet connectivity and sensor data network relay systems for participating schools and farm
communities. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods were employed. Qualitative data was
collected through literature reading, interviewing DAES coordinator at Lilongwe office as well as through
participating students at NRC. Quantitatively data was collected using a digital soil tester, the rapidest 4 in 1 digital
soil tester. Research also drew on ethnographic study with students at Natural Resources College.
Two demonstration plots labelled Plot A and Plot B were used. The size of Plot A was 8 m by 5 m while the size of
Plot B was also 8 m by 5 m. Using knowledge gained on how to use the 4 in 1 soil tester probes in soil pH, fertility
and moisture, data which were collected for 5 weeks and analysed to see if there was any good progress or anything
to improve. Data was being recorded in a table whose sample is shown in table 1.
Two crops of Phaseolus vulgaris locally known as common beans and Ipomoea batatas, sweet potatoes commonly
known as Kenya were planted in two plots, each measuring 8 by 5 metres for each crop. One plot was meant for
control (plot A) and the other for treatment (plot B). Beans plots were separated by 1 metre and a ridge demarcated
the two potato plots.
Training was done on the use of digital soil tester, how to classify soil type and how to arrange for interventions to
deal with deficiencies determined by digital soil testing equipment. Researcher and students can see the benefit of
using digital agriculture through fig.2 and fig.3.
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Fig.1. Rapitest 4-in-1 soil tester
Table 1. OPEN Sustainable Agriculture Weekly Record - Outdoor Diked Plots
Week # 1 Date: April 6 – 11 School (class): Natural Resource College
Local
Maximum
Rainfall (mL)
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Total
AM AM AM AM AM AM AM AM
PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM
PH 6.8 6.9 6 6.8 6.5 6.7
Moisture 0.8 1 2.5 1.3 0.3 1.4
Fertility Too little Too little Too little Too little Too little Too little Tool little
Treatment plot (Plot B)
(a) Pesticides were applied to both treatment plots.
(b) Manure was also applied to improve fertility on both treatment plots (for sweet potatoes and beans).
(c) A 10 kg manure was applied on each plot. Calculation was done based on baseline recommendation that 50 kgs
manure is applied on a 40 by 50m plot. Manure was just spread surrounding the plant area to avoid the
accumulation of acidity.
Measures of pH, moisture and fertility were being observed and recorded weekly providing a comprehensive
information and idea about the soil condition. Plant height and local rainfall were not observed. Field notes,
interviews and available documents supported qualitative data collection.
The article was written as OPEN project research was progressing during the three months of July, August, and
September this was within the semester when students were still in campus. Firstly, Malawi OPEN team was
contacted to seek approval for the researcher’s inclusion into the project. Malawi OPEN team had already
contacted school management to introduce the project and to look for interested students. After the volunteers were
identified, they met for three times before the project started. Then the farm coordinator allocated farmland for the
project. Discussions ranged from where the plots should be, what to grow on the plots, what should be the plot size,
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when to exactly start the project, how to treat the plots before planting, when to start, how the digital equipment can
be used to generate information for use in the field’s intervention and what, why, when, and how to carry
intervention measures. A group of thirty young boys and girls volunteered to carry out the project as a prototype.
Once successful with the prototype, the plan was to recruit more youths and train secondary school students to
assist in scaling up the project by extending the services from their communities on how to take care of the soil for
maximum yields which will end up in improving food security in Malawi.
Fig.2. Control Plot (Plot A) Fig.3. Treatment Plot (Plot B)
Results
Through EHA, research has shown that digital tools like EHA package help to see and manage field data, oversee
worker productivity, manage resources, view farmer data trends and support decision making. It was further
established that at the field level, mobile digital tools can amplify extension massaging to reach more farmers and
enable management to improve coordination of diverse service providers with the right type of data aggregation.
The EHA has reduced the use of had written reports during field visits, improved the quality of collected data and
increased the frequency of field visits for the extension coordinator. In terms of determination of cite specific
information generated by digital technology, the article focused on using rapitest 4-in-1 soil tester, testing
moisture, pH, temperature, and fertility to analyse the implementation of precision farming on digital labour with
young college students in Malawi. Researcher’s analysis derived valuable capabilities such as having quick results
about site specific information and easy to use and easy to adapt technology as well as fast determination of
interventions leading to food security.
Research findings contribute to the discourse on the role of information and communication and digital technology
with digital labour in the process of sharing knowledge, determining cite specific information towards shaping
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precision farming as well as achieving food security and helping to formulate policies towards achieving Malawi
vision 2063. Soil fertility indicates measures of too little, ideal, and too much and during initial stages of recording,
the tester was recording too little and some days later it was registering ideal for at least five days, a possibility of
decomposition of the decayed matters was suspected. Measures of moisture remained between 50 to 80 degrees
Celsius, and pH was falling in the range between 6.5 and 7.5 which were normal compared to the baseline values.
Conclusion
The paper highlights the role that ICT, digital technologies, and digital labour play towards achieving strategic
development goals of countries. EHA development demonstrated the initiative of Malawi in up-taking agriculture
technologies and how extension coordinators can monitor frontline staff’s individual farmer, farmer groups and
stakeholder visits. It showed how extensions coordinators can collect data during visits and then syncs data to a
cloud storage system, view progress on the management portal overseeing broader extension planning area (EPA)
and generate field staff productivity reports for that month. Additionally, EHA portal could facilitate and help
extension coordinators to manage field data, oversee productivity of workers, manage resources, check farmer data
trends and support decision making.
Furthermore, research explored how cites specific information generated by digital technology can be analysed to
implement precision farming in Malawi. This was analysed through OPEN project with students at NRC and the
use of 4-in-1 Rapitest digital tool which was able to analyse fertility, moisture, pH and temperature. It was able to
analyse soil health and help in coming up with intervention decisions necessary to shape precision farming.
Additionally, Malawi students and local farmers/community gardeners would learn the latest in networking,
Internet infrastructure development, and data analytics as well as geospatial mapping through the application and
regular use of pilot sensor networks and related systems. This will be to serve Ministries and Malawi society needs,
initially pegged at achieving sustainable agriculture.
Further research is suggested in determining adoption of digital technologies and intention to use EHA to achieve
precision agriculture.
Declarations
Source of Funding
This research did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Consent for publication
Authors declare that they consented for the publication of this research work.
References
Ahmed, A. (2007). Open access towards bridging the digital divide–policies and strategies for developing
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Digital Agriculture: Feeding the future. (2017). https://breakthrough.unglobalcompact.org/disruptive-
technologies/digital-agriculture.
8. Mediterranean Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (MJBAS)
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FAO. (2017). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Agriculture, 57.
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Fuchs, C., & Sevignani, S. (2013). What Is Digital Labour? What Is Digital Work? What’s their Difference? And
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