The assessment of different rates of poultry manure on the growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma
longa L.) was conducted at Imo State Polytechnic Teaching and Research Farm. The area is in a humid tropical
agro-ecological zone. The objective was to evaluate yields under different poultry manure rates. The study was
laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated four (4) times. Each replicate was made up
of six (6) plots. Treatments include poultry manure of rates of 0, 4, 8t/ha and turmeric rhizome seeds.
Evaluations of growth parameters were made at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks after planting (WAP) on plant height,
No of leaves/plant, leaf area, No of days to 50% flowering on each plots while yield values were determined at
harvest at thirty six weeks after planting. Analysis of variance result (ANOVA) indicate that application of
poultry manure at 8t/ha increased rhizome yield 2185.7kg/ha, dry matter 33.50kg/ha, plant height, No of
leaves/plant & leaf area significantly (P < 0.05) and enhance flowering to 151.50days. The post-harvest
physcio-chemical analysis of the experimental site indicates that the application of poultry manure decreased
soil bulk density (from 1.23 to 0.98), increased pH (from 5.25 to 6.27). It was concluded that poultry manure application at 8t/ha is optimum for improved performance of turmeric.
System of wheat Intensification: A resource conservation and agro-ecological method of wheat cultivation
Presented by: Ram B. Khadka
Location: Regional Agricultural Research Station,
Khajura, Banke, Nepal
Date: 2013
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.
An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different organic manure on the growth yield and nutritive value of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum). This experiment was designed in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Treatments were control (without any manure) (T 1), Goat manure alone (25 t ha -1) (T 2), Poultry manure alone (25t ha -1) (T 3), Cattle manure alone (25 t ha -1) (T 4). These were applied as basal and topdressing application of manure in this experiment and their performance was recorded once in three weeks. Analysis of Variance was performed to define a significant difference among treatments (p < 0.05). Results revealed that plants grown in Poultry manure (T3 )(25 t ha -1) showed significantly (p < 0.05) better performance in the measured growth parameters viz. plant height(217.2cm), leaf area, number of tillers, maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width while the lowest performance was observed in control (T1) at 11 WAP( weeks after planting). Further the results of this study revealed that relatively higher total dry matter (149.61g/plant) and nutrition composition viz crude protein (14.48%), Ash content(19.78%),crude fiber(16.17%), Ether extract (8.75%) was obtained from the plants treated with poultry manure alone (T3) followed by T4,T2 whereas the lowest dry-matter yield(62.7g/plant) and nutrition composition was observed in control (T1). Therefore, it could be concluded that the poultry manure can be used to enhance the growth and nutritive value of Guinea grass.
System of wheat Intensification: A resource conservation and agro-ecological method of wheat cultivation
Presented by: Ram B. Khadka
Location: Regional Agricultural Research Station,
Khajura, Banke, Nepal
Date: 2013
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.
An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different organic manure on the growth yield and nutritive value of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum). This experiment was designed in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Treatments were control (without any manure) (T 1), Goat manure alone (25 t ha -1) (T 2), Poultry manure alone (25t ha -1) (T 3), Cattle manure alone (25 t ha -1) (T 4). These were applied as basal and topdressing application of manure in this experiment and their performance was recorded once in three weeks. Analysis of Variance was performed to define a significant difference among treatments (p < 0.05). Results revealed that plants grown in Poultry manure (T3 )(25 t ha -1) showed significantly (p < 0.05) better performance in the measured growth parameters viz. plant height(217.2cm), leaf area, number of tillers, maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width while the lowest performance was observed in control (T1) at 11 WAP( weeks after planting). Further the results of this study revealed that relatively higher total dry matter (149.61g/plant) and nutrition composition viz crude protein (14.48%), Ash content(19.78%),crude fiber(16.17%), Ether extract (8.75%) was obtained from the plants treated with poultry manure alone (T3) followed by T4,T2 whereas the lowest dry-matter yield(62.7g/plant) and nutrition composition was observed in control (T1). Therefore, it could be concluded that the poultry manure can be used to enhance the growth and nutritive value of Guinea grass.
2 ijhaf nov-2017-4-effect of organic productsAI Publications
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different organic products on wheat variety Amber during Rabi 2015-16 in Randomized Block Design at ASPEE Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, Nare, Taluka Wada, Dist Palghar, Maharashtra. The study comprised sixteen different treatments of organic products viz. FYM @ 10 t ha-1, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1, FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, Noval fertilizer @ 1%, Vermiwash @ 2%, Panchgavya @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Noval fertilizer @ 1%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Noval fertilizer @ 1%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost@2.5 t ha-1+Noval fertilizer@ 1%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2% and 100% RDF @ 120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1. Wheat was sown at row spacing 20 cm X 5 cm on flat beds. The results showed that the treatments of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 along with vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and spray with Noval fertilizer @ 1% at 30 and 60 days after sowingrecorded highest seed yield of2100 kg ha-1 followed by FYM @ 10 t ha-1 with vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and Panchgavya @ 2% (2049 kg ha-1). The same treatment proved its superiority in increasing all yield attributing factors along with grain yield of wheat indicating the most effective organic treatment for wheat under North Konkan Coastal Zone of Maharashtra.
A comparative study on the response of six maize hybrids: two
hybrids each from the 1980s (8321-21 and 8425-8), 1990s (9801-11 and 9803-2)
and 2000s (0103-11 and 0103-15) to sub-optimal and optimal nitrogen fertilization
was conducted in Oke-Oyi, Nigeria. The trials were set up in a split plot with three
nitrogen levels (0, 30 and 90 kg N ha-1) as a main plot and six hybrids as sub-plots.
Significant interactions were observed between hybrid and N level for all
characters, with increasing in variation as the level of N decreased. Mean grain
yield reductions across eras were 73.8% at no-N and 32.6% at low-N, and those of
optimal-N fertilization were 34.3% and 15.7% for 1980s and 1990s genotypes
respectively. Depending on N treatment, grain yield varied from 0.67 to 4.89 t ha-1.
Kernel number was most severely reduced by N stress, but had positive and highly
significant (p≤0.01) correlation with grain yield at all N levels. Genetic gains in
grain yield were 42% (between 1980 and 2000 eras) and 9% (between 1990 and
2000 eras) under optimal-N fertilization. The two modern hybrids of 2000 era
(0103-11 and 0103-15) were outstanding for all the agronomic traits and leaf
chlorophyll concentration at all N levels. Improving traits associated with fertilizer
N response could accelerate rate of genetic gains in maize yields.
Changes in Selected Soil Physical Properties and Maize Yields as Affected by ...IJEAB
The study was conducted at Abakaliki to determine the changes in selected soil physical properties and maize yields as affected by animal wastes application in Abakaliki southeastern Nigeria in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatment replicated five times. The treatments were poultry droppings at 5 tha-1 (PD), cow dung at 5 tha-1 (CD), mixture of PD + CD at 5 tha-1 and control (C) – non application of amendment. Bulk density, total porosity, moisture content, aggregate stability and mean weight diameter were determine in the laboratory using appropriate procedure while plant height, leaf area index and grain yield were also, measured in the field using recommended methods. The results showed positive changes in selected soil physical properties and maize yield in the two cropping seasons with the application of animal wastes. Also, improvement in soil physical properties and maize yields were higher in the second cropping season when compared to the first cropping season. Poultry dropping is recommended for farmers to use as fertilizer in maize production because plots treated with poultry droppings recorded the highest maize grain yield in the two cropping season than other treatments.
Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Under Different Supplementary Irri...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Field experiment was conducted in Humera in 2015 main cropping season in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) to study the performance of sesame under different supplementary irrigation applications and nitrogen fertilizer rates. The study consists of four levels of nitrogen fertilizer rates (0kg N2/ha, 23kgN2/ha, 37.5kgN2/ha and 46kgN2/ha) and three levels of supplementary irrigation; rain-fed (I0), four irrigations (I4), and six irrigations (I6). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in two splits, with the first half at sowing and the remaining half 30 days after emergence. Data on plant height, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, thousand seed weight, harvest index, aboveground biomass and grain yield were recorded. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), in indicated that application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly (p<0.05) affected sesame grain yield. The highest grain yield 423.4kg/ ha, and 455kg/ha was obtained from application of 46kg nitrogen per hectare, and six supplementary irrigation. The results obtained in this experiment showed that, application of supplementary irrigation could be an important climate change adaptation strategy in areas where onset and cessation of rainfall occur.
Evaluating the performance of improved sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) ...Innspub Net
Field trials were conducted in the 2014 rainy season at the Teaching and Research Farm of Bayero University, Kano (11°58’N and 8°25’E) and Agricultural Research Station Farm, Minjibir (12°11’N and 8°32’E). The objective of the study wasto evaluate the performance of improved sweetpotato lines with a view to identify those that may be adaptable with high yielding potential in the study area.The treatments consisted of 16 sweetpotato advanced lines: Centennial, AYT/08/055, TIS8164, TIS87/0087, NRSP12/097, UMUSPO/2, UMOSPO/1, SOLOMON-1, EA/11/022, EA/11/025, EA/11/003, UM/11/015, NRSP/12/095, UM/11/001, UM/11/022, and a local check
(Kantayiidda). These were laid out in a Randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Significant differences were observed in number of roots per plant, number of marketable roots, number of pencil roots, flesh colour, root shape and root yield. Kantayiidda produced significantly (p<0.05) higher root yield (10315kg/Ha) than all other lines. Solomon-1, Umuspo/1, EA/11/022, UM/11/001 and TIS87/0087 were found to be promising among the advanced lines evaluated; thus could relatively compete with Kantayiidda local for adaptation and high root yield in the study area. Get full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Effect of Organic Fertilizer Containing Mint and Thyme Oil Extract on Tomato ...IJERA Editor
Success in vegetable cultivation begins with using plant materials that growth healthy and strong. Seedling growth and development has an important role in greenhouse vegetable production. In the present study, effects of organic fertilizer were obtained from mint and thyme oil extract on tomato seedlings were investigated. Local Çanak tomato cultivar, which is provided from Nevşehir region, and Toprak F1 cultivar, was used in the study. Organic and commercially fertilizer applications were held on both species and root length (cm), shoot length (cm), stem diameter (mm), root fresh weight (g), shoot fresh weight (g), leaf width (cm), leaf length (cm), dry matter content (%), moisture content (%), nutritional value and chlorophyll index values of the seedlings were determined. Results show that organic fertilizer dosage was high and seedlings‟ growth and development was affected negatively. On the other hand, the dry matter content and some plant nutrient values of the seedlings in organic fertilizer applications were higher than commercial fertilizers. Therefore the organic fertilizer is promising for organic seedling production. It is resulted that, application dosage experiments should be conducted to use organic fertilizer in an effective way.
Microbiological and Physicochemical Assessment of Poultry Soil Samples in Aku...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Human activities such as animal production in many parts of the world, still impact negatively on the environment and biodiversity. This study was carried out to assess the microbiological and physicochemical parameters of poultry soil samples. Soil samples were collected from different poultry in Akure metropolis and soil samples from Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) environment as control. Microbiological and physicochemical analyses were carried out using standard methods. The mean total viable bacterial count of poultry soil ranged from 9.02±0.511×105cfu/g in sample site A to 11.2±0.021×105cfu/g in sample site B and there were significant difference (p<0.05) between the bacterial count of poultry soil and control, mean highest fungal load is 6.05±0.301× 103sfu/g. Bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila ,Bacilllus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecium. Escherichia coli had the highest occurrence of 23.08% while Aeromonas hydrophila had the lowest occurrence of 5.13%. Fungi isolated were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigates and Saccharomyces species. Aspergillus niger 46.67% had the highest occurrence while Saccharomyces species had the lowest occurrence of 13.33%. Physiochemical analysis showed that poultry soil had mean pH, temperature and Organic Carbon of 7.92±0.34, 34±0.04oC and 14.88±0.56% respectively, Organic Matter is 5.50±0.61%, Nitrogen 1.27±0.03 mg/g, Phosphorus58.92±0.01 mg/g, Potassium55.48±0.23 mg/g, Sodium 41.77±0.91mg/g, Calcium 28.70±0.24mg/g, Magnesium 20.65±0.32 mg/g and Cation exchange capacity146.60±0.11%. The results obtained calls for proper discharge of poultry waste into the environment to prevent transmission of diseases by water borne pathogens.
Seed management’s influences on nodulation and yield of improved variety of s...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A pot study was carried out on an improved soybean variety (TGX 1448-2E) to assess the effects of seed management on its nodulation and yield. The experiment was in factorial combinations with six replicates at the teaching and research farm of University of Abuja. The factors were 2 soils, 2 levels of phosphorus fertilizer (-P and + P), and 2 seed sources (farmer’s and researcher’s managed seeds). P was applied as triple superphosphate at 30 kg P ha-1. Destructive sampling was done at 8 weeks after planting to record growth parameters and nodulation. At maturity, the number and weight of pods, weight of 50 seeds and total seed yield were recorded. The results showed that generally researchers’ managed seeds showed a significantly higher mean values than farmers’ managed seeds. The pod and total seed weight from researchers’ seeds were 106.26 g and 52.43 g per plant respectively against the farmers’ managed seed with pod weight of 80.23 g and total seed weight of 44.35 g per plant. P application influenced significantly the weight of nodules, pods and seeds per plant. This significant lower performance observed in farmers’ managed seeds could have resulted from factors such poor seed handling or mix up during harvesting or storage, poor quality seed selection for planting.
Upland Rice Production As Influenced by the Organic and Inorganic Applicatio...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
A Technology demonstration on upland rice production was conducted to determine which among the three treatments would provide better yield of upland rainfed rice and serves as a technological show-case to Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries (ARBs) and Non- Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries (ARBs) in the community.This study consists of three (3) treatments. Treatment 1 – Regional Soils Laboratory In-organic fertilizer recommended rates alone. Treatment 2 – ½ Regional Soils Laboratory In-organic fertilizer recommended rates plus 12.5 bags Vermicast per hectare. Treatment 3 – Organic fertilizer alone at 25 bags vermi cast per hectare. Result shows that the best practices of fertilizer application is Treatment 3 the application of organic fertilizer which produces heaviest weight of fresh palay (31 grams/hill) and dried weight of palay(4.3 grams/hill) and obtained the highest yield of upland rice(6.20 tons/ha) than variable 1 and 2. Based on the cost analysis the application of organic fertilizer (Treatment 3) produced high profit due to low price of organic fertilizer.
Effect of biochar on maize yield and yield components in rainfed conditions |...Innspub Net
To investigate the maize yield and nutrient concentration in its leaves as affected by biochar from different organic materials (wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse), a field experiment was conducted on maize crop during 2013 at koont research farm chakwal. The treatments were control, wheat straw biochar at 5t ha-1, and 10t ha-1, sugarcane bagasse biochar at 5t ha-1and 10t ha-1. The experiment was conducted in RCBD. Maize was grown in 4m × 6m sized plots. Soil samples were taken before sowing of crop for determination of soil pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon and texture. The plant parameters were grain yield, plant biomass, macro nutrients and micro nutrients. Wheat straw biochar 10 t/ha showed an increase of 16.1% N, 38.8% P, 33% K, 28.9% biomass and 20.8% grain yield. Sugarcane bagasse biochar at a rate of 10 t/ha showed significant increase of 14.9% N, 27.7% P, 30% K, 27.6% biomass and 22.1% grain yield. None of the biochar treatment showed any significant increase in micronutrient concentration in the plant.
Effect of biochar on maize yield and yield components in rainfed conditions|I...Innspub Net
To investigate the maize yield and nutrient concentration in its leaves as affected by biochar from different organic materials (wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse), a field experiment was conducted on maize crop during 2013 at koont research farm chakwal. The treatments were control, wheat straw biochar at 5t ha-1, and 10t ha-1, sugarcane bagasse biochar at 5t ha-1and 10t ha-1. The experiment was conducted in RCBD. Maize was grown in 4m × 6m sized plots. Soil samples were taken before sowing of crop for determination of soil pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon and texture. The plant parameters were grain yield, plant biomass, macro nutrients and micro nutrients. Wheat straw biochar 10 t/ha showed an increase of 16.1% N, 38.8% P, 33% K, 28.9% biomass and 20.8% grain yield. Sugarcane bagasse biochar at a rate of 10 t/ha showed significant increase of 14.9% N, 27.7% P, 30% K, 27.6% biomass and 22.1% grain yield. None of the biochar treatment showed any significant increase in micronutrient concentration in plant.
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumer Perspectives on Brand Preference: A Choice Based Model Approachiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailer’s Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of a Balanced Scorecard on Nonprofit Organizations (Study on Yayasan P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Public Sector Reforms and Outsourcing Services in Nigeria: An Empirical Evalu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets – A comparative studyiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Social Media and Small Businesses: A Combinational Strategic Approach under t...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Secretarial Performance and the Gender Question (A Study of Selected Tertiary...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Implementation of Quality Management principles at Zimbabwe Open University (...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
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Effect of Poultry Manure Rates on the Growth and Yield of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L) In Nigeria
1. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS)
e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 8, Issue 1 Ver. II (Jan. 2015), PP 34-38
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/2380-08123438 www.iosrjournals.org 34 | Page
Effect of Poultry Manure Rates on the Growth and Yield of
Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L) In Nigeria
Ihenacho L.U1
. Okorie H. A2
. Christo I. E3
. Peter Onoh C. A4
.
1
Department of Agricultural Technology Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo – Ohaji P.M.B 1472, Owerri
2&3
Department of Crop Science of Biotechnology Imo State University Owerri, P.M.B 2000 Owerri
4
Department of Crop Science and technology Federal University of technology Owerri P.M. 1526 Owerri
Abstract: The assessment of different rates of poultry manure on the growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma
longa L.) was conducted at Imo State Polytechnic Teaching and Research Farm. The area is in a humid tropical
agro-ecological zone. The objective was to evaluate yields under different poultry manure rates. The study was
laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated four (4) times. Each replicate was made up
of six (6) plots. Treatments include poultry manure of rates of 0, 4, 8t/ha and turmeric rhizome seeds.
Evaluations of growth parameters were made at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks after planting (WAP) on plant height,
No of leaves/plant, leaf area, No of days to 50% flowering on each plots while yield values were determined at
harvest at thirty six weeks after planting. Analysis of variance result (ANOVA) indicate that application of
poultry manure at 8t/ha increased rhizome yield 2185.7kg/ha, dry matter 33.50kg/ha, plant height, No of
leaves/plant & leaf area significantly (P < 0.05) and enhance flowering to 151.50days. The post-harvest
physcio-chemical analysis of the experimental site indicates that the application of poultry manure decreased
soil bulk density (from 1.23 to 0.98), increased pH (from 5.25 to 6.27). It was concluded that poultry manure
application at 8t/ha is optimum for improved performance of turmeric.
Keywords: Turmeric, poultry manure, application rates, yield, Nigeria.
I. Introduction
Turmeric (Curuma longa L.) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is cultivated extensively in India,
Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. In Nigeria, about 19 states are prominent in the
cultivation of turmeric and it assumes different local names depending on the locality. Turmeric and other minor
crops such as rizga and Hausa potato have been playing significant role in the food chain supply in Nigeria
(Olojede et al, 2005).
Nigeria has a favorable condition for turmeric cultivation and thus may play a dominant role in
turmeric production. Turmeric is found useful as coloruing agents for food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals in
the treatment of various kinds of diseases (Semwal et al, 1997). With increasing population pressure in tropical
Africa, shifting cultivation is no longer sustainable and the length of traditional bush fallow for maintaining the
productivity of the soil is becoming shorter (Mbah and Mbagwu, 2006). In the rainforest agro ecology of south
eastern Nigeria, intensive cropping has become more common and the primary function of soil productivity and
fertility restoration is becoming less effective (Okaigbo, 1982). Organic manure on the other hand is known to
be effective in the maintenance of adequate supply of organic matter in the soils with attendant improvement in
soil physical and chemical conditions and enhanced crop performance (Obi and Ebo, 1995, Ikpe and Powel,
2003, Ano and Agwu, 2005).
The need to use renewable forms of energy and reduce cost of fertilizing crops has revived the use of
organic fertilizers worldwide. Improvement of environmental conditions and public health are important reasons
for advocating increased use of organic materials (Seifritz, 1982, Ojeiniyi 2000, Mauritius and Vlelc, 2001).
Therefore the objective of this study is to estimate the appropriate poultry manure rate required for the optimum
production of turmeric in south east Nigeria.
II. Materials And Methods
This study was conducted at the Teaching and research farm of the department of agricultural
technology Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo. The study area is situated at latitude 070
0E and longitude 07o
0E in
the humid tropical rain-forest zone of south eastern Nigeria. Before and after the experiment, surface soil
samples 0- 20cm were randomly collected at the experimental site using soil auger at (12) twelve different
points. The samples were bulked to produce composite samples which were air dried and sieved with 2mm
sieve. Also samples of poultry manure were subjected to chemical analysis. The experimental site were
manually cleared of vegetation with matchets and marked out into blocks. Seedbed preparations were
constructed using weeding hoe. The size of each plot was 3 x 3m separated from each other within the block or
replicate by a 1m alley and between blocks by 2m access route. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized
2. Effect of Poultry Manure Rates on the Growth and Yield of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L) In Nigeria
DOI: 10.9790/2380-08123438 www.iosrjournals.org 35 | Page
Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated four (4) times. Each replicate in made up of six (6) plots making a
total of 24 (twenty four) plots. The treatments comprised of poultry manure at the rate of 0, 4 and 8t/ha. The test
crop healthy rhizome of turmeric variety NCL NVRI primary rhizome obtained from National Root Crop
Research Institute (NRCRI) Umudike Abia State. The test crop turmeric was planted immediately at a spacing
of 50 x 45cm apart to obtain a plant population of 44, 444 plants/ha. Poultry manure from deep litter
(completely decomposed) was applied two weeks after emergence at the rate of 0, 4 and 8t/ha as appropriate
using band placement method. The farm plot was weeded manually using weeding hoe and matchet at an
interval of one month till harvesting period. Earthen up operation was done twenty four (24) weeks after
planting (WAP). Evaluation of growth parameters was collected on plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf
area, number of days to 50 percent flowering at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks after planting while yield values
(rhizome and dry matter) were determined at harvest in each of the experimental plot at thirty six (36) weeks
after planting. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the treatment means
separated using Ducan multiple range test at 5% probability level (Hinkelman and Kemptohorne, 1994).
III. Results
Soil
The result of the pre-planting and post-harvest soil analysis of the experimental site is shown in Table
1. The initial analysis of the soil indicate low nitrogen, phosphorus, and higher bulk density. The pH was 5.25
which show that the soil is acidic. The soil was also low in nutrient contents. Result showed that with regard to
the analysis of the soil on treatment basis, the application of poultry manure increased pH status of the soil and
reduced bulk density. There was an improvement in nitrogen, available phosphorus, and organic carbon of
residual nutrient status. Thus, the application of poultry manure improved and sustained the soil. The nutrient
content of poultry manure is also presented in Table 2.
Table 1: Physical and chemical Properties of soil before and after the experiment (0 - 20cm)
Table 2: Chemical composition of poultry manure
Elements Percentage
pH (H20) 7.56
Organic carbon (%) 28.22
Organic matter (%) 48.65
Nitrogen (%) 2.27
Phosphorus (Ppm) 47.80
Potassium(Cmol/100g soil) 2.60
Magnesium(Cmol/100g soil) 0.52
Calcium (Cmol/100g soil) 1.42
Sodium(Cmol/100g soil) 0.64
3. Effect of Poultry Manure Rates on the Growth and Yield of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L) In Nigeria
DOI: 10.9790/2380-08123438 www.iosrjournals.org 36 | Page
Plant height
The mean plant height of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) as affected by poultry manure rate is presented
on Table 3. Poultry manure application increased the height of turmeric throughout the experimental period.
Poultry manure application at the rate of 8t/ha significantly (P < 0.05) increased the plant height of turmeric
above the 4t/ha application at 16 and 20 weeks after planting. The plants treated with 8t/ha at 16 WAP had a
mean plant height value of 7.18cm significantly (P < 0.05) different from 6.58cm obtained for 4t/ha application
rate. At 20 WAP 8t/ha (9.54cm) 4t/ha 8.27cm and the lowest was consistently recorded at 0t/ha.
Table 3: Effect of Poultry manure rates on turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) plant height (cm)
Treatment 4 8 12 16 20 WAP
0t/ha 2.09b
4.33b
4..41b
4.69c
6.61c
4t/ha 2.36a
4.90ab
5.15ab
6.58b
8.27b
8t/ha 2.68a
5.20a
5.43a
7.18a
9.54a
Means in the same column having the same letters are not significantly (P < 0.05) different using DMRT.
WAP = Weeks after planting
Number of leaves/plant
Poultry manure application significantly (P < 0.05) increased the number of leaves per plant from 8
weeks after planting (WAP) (Table 4). The highest number of leaves per plant 7.03 was obtained at 8t/ha
manure rate at 20WAP, followed by 4t/a (6.27). The 0t/ha manure rate recorded the lowest leaf number per plant
of (5.63). The difference in the number of leaves per plant at 4 WAP was however not statistically significant (P
< 0.05). The leaf number per plant value between 8t/ha and 4t/ha were statistically the same at 16 WAP.
Increasing poultry manure rates significantly (P < 0.05) increased the number of leaves/plant. The lowest values
in leaf number per plant were consistently recorded at 0t/ha manure rate.
Table 4: Effect of poultry manure rates on turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) leaf number per plant
Treatments 4 8 12 16 20WAP
0t/ha 2.55a
4.34a
4.63b
4.69b
5.63c
4t/ha 2.80a
4.82a
4.90b
5.15a
6.27b
8t/ha 2.98a
4.93a
5.15a
5.43a
7.03a
NS
Means in the same column having the same letters are not significantly (P < 0.05) different using DMRT.
NS = Not significant (P < 0.05)
Leaf area
Increasing poultry manure rates significantly (P < 0.05) increased the average leaf area per plant in
turmeric (Table 5). The highest leaf area per plant value of 66.95cm2
was obtained 20 WAP using the poultry
manure rate of 8t/ha. This is however not significantly (P < 0.05) different from the leaf area per plant value of
63.40cm2
obtained at 4t/ha poultry manure rate 20 WAP. The 0t/ha poultry manure rate gave the lowest leaf area
per plant, significantly (P < 0.05) different from all others throughout the period of the experiment. At 20 WAP
the leaf area per plant was 41.27cm2
at 0t/ha manure rate (Table 5).
Table 5: Effects of poultry manure rates on turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) leaf area per plant (cm2
)
Treatment 4 8 12 16 20WAP
0t/ha 21.87b
32.41b
34.41b
38.79b
41.27b
4t/ha 25.63a
37.80a
40.16ab
48.49ab
63.40a
8t/ha 27.51a
38.93a
47.71a
53.50a
66.95a
Means in the same column having the same letters are not significantly (P < 0.05) different using DMRT.
Number of days to 50 percent flowering
The highest level of poultry manure application (8t/ha) had a pronounced effect in flowering,
decreasing the number of days to 50 percent flowering to 151.50 days. This is not significantly (P < 0.05)
different from 152.1days obtained with 4t/ha manure rate application. Plots that did not receive the poultry
manure treatment (0t/ha) had the highest number of days to 50 percent flowering of 156.22 days significantly (P
< 0.05) different from others (Table 6).
Dry matter yield
The result of the dry matter yield at harvest is presented on Table 7. The dry matter yield of turmeric
that received poultry manure significantly (P < 0.05) differed from the control. Highest dry matter yield of
33.52t/ha were recorded in plants treated with 4t/ha of poultry manure whereas plants treated with 8t/ha of
poultry manure gave 33.50kg/ha dry matter yield. These are statically (P < 0.05) the same. There was no
4. Effect of Poultry Manure Rates on the Growth and Yield of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L) In Nigeria
DOI: 10.9790/2380-08123438 www.iosrjournals.org 37 | Page
significant (P < 0.05) difference between the plants that received 8t/ha and 4t/ha poultry manure. The control
plants without any manure (0t/ha) gave the lowest dry matter yield of 25.08kg/ha significantly (P < 0.05)
different from the others (Table 6).
Rhizome yield
Increasing poultry manure rates in turmeric significantly (P < 0.05) increased the rhizome yield (Table
6). Application of 8t/ha poultry manure produced the highest mean rhizome yield of 2185.7t/ha, significantly (P
< 0.05) different from 2046.5t/ha rhizome yield produced at 4t/ha poultry manure application rate. The control
treatment with 0t/ha poultry manure gave the lowest rhizome tuber yield of (1520.9t/ha), significantly (P < 0.05)
different from all others (Table 6).
Table 6: Effect of poultry manure rates on number of days to 50% flowering, dry matter and
rhizome yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
Treatments No. of days to 50% flowering Dry matter ( t/ha) Rhizome yield (t/ha)
0t/ha 156.22a
25.08b
1520.9c
4t/ha 152.11b
33.52a
2046.5b
8t/ha 151.50b
33.50a
2185.7a
Means in the same column having the same letters are not significantly (P < 0.05) different using DMRT.
IV. Discussion
The result of soil physico-chemical analysis of the experimental site after the experiment revealed that
poultry manure at 4t/ha and 8t/ha reduced bulk density and increased the pH from 5.25 – 6.27, however, the
degree of effect increased with increase in the quantity of manure applied. The improvement in soil physical
properties with increasing levels of poultry manure as observed in the results can be attributable to increase in
soil organic matter. Organic matter stabilizes soil structure thereby reducing bulk density, increasing porosity
and water content. This influence of poultry manure application in improving the soil physical conditions is in
conformity with the reports of several researchers (Weil and Kroontje, 1979; Mbagwu 1992; Khaliel et al, 1981,
Paglial et al, 1987, Akanni, 2005).
The significant increase in rhizome, dry matter yield and other parameters with an increase in poultry
manure rates is in agreement with the report of Manhas & Gill (2010), who stated that application of farm yard
manure (FYM) increased the growth, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of turmeric. Hossain and
Ishinine (2007); Velmurugan et al, (2007); Mohapatra and Das (2009); Roy et al, (2010), and Dinesh et al,
2010) reported that organic fertilizer improved soil productivity and fertility which in turns improved yield and
quality of such long duration crop like turmeric. This is also in line with the work of Ibeawuchi et al. (2012),
who reported that, the use of 10t/ha poultry manure without mineral fertilizer gave highest yield in respect of
crop growth and yield performance in cassava, groundnut and sorghum intercrop.
V. Conclusion
From the forgoing, poultry manure showed great potentials in growth and yield enhancement of
turmeric (Curcuma longa L), improved the soil nutrient status, reduced acidity. Within the limits of this study, it
suffices to say that application of poultry manure at the rate of 8t/ha is optimal for the production of turmeric in
this agro-ecology. It is therefore recommended that higher rates of poultry manure and/or other sources of
organic manure be tried in subsequent studies.
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