The study examined the effect of portfolio diversification on Commercial Banks financial performance. Mixed method of research design was used and data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. Target population was 43 licensed Commercial Banks in Kenya from which one hundred and thirty three (133) managers were randomly selected to form sample size. Validity of the research instruments was ensured through content, face and construct validity testing. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics which included correlation analysis and bivariate regression analysis. The study established a positive statistically significant relationship between portfolio diversification and financial performance. The portfolio diversification explained 68% of the changes in the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya and that most banks diversify their investments which has enabled them to increase profits and performance in the past years.The study recommended that financial institutions should invest in a combination of assets which are negatively correlated because this maximizes revenue (returns) and minimizes losses (risks). Further study should be undertaken to establish the best combination of assets that can yield an efficient portfolio.
Voluntary Disclosure, Ownership Structure, Information Asymmetry and Cost of ...iosrjce
The aim of this study is at examining the influence of voluntary disclosure, information asymmetry
and ownership structure towards the cost of capital method by employing WACC (Weighted Average Cost of
Capital) method. The analysis method used in this research is the pathway analysis. The sample selection using
purposive sampling generates 93 observations (31 companies *3 years) manufacturing company in 2011-
2013. The results show that the extent of disclosures concerning the company's information will build investor
confidence in the investment, so that the expected rate of return is low and as a result the company’s incurred
capital costs is low. The low rate of return is due to the disclosure of required information by the company’s
management which would establish investor confidence in the investment.
A Dissertation Report On "Study Of Net Interest Margin {NIM} Of Selected INDIAN Public & Private Sector Banks"
Has Undertaken 10 Years Financial Data Of Selected Banks i.e. 2008-2017 for the Study.
Voluntary Disclosure, Ownership Structure, Information Asymmetry and Cost of ...iosrjce
The aim of this study is at examining the influence of voluntary disclosure, information asymmetry
and ownership structure towards the cost of capital method by employing WACC (Weighted Average Cost of
Capital) method. The analysis method used in this research is the pathway analysis. The sample selection using
purposive sampling generates 93 observations (31 companies *3 years) manufacturing company in 2011-
2013. The results show that the extent of disclosures concerning the company's information will build investor
confidence in the investment, so that the expected rate of return is low and as a result the company’s incurred
capital costs is low. The low rate of return is due to the disclosure of required information by the company’s
management which would establish investor confidence in the investment.
A Dissertation Report On "Study Of Net Interest Margin {NIM} Of Selected INDIAN Public & Private Sector Banks"
Has Undertaken 10 Years Financial Data Of Selected Banks i.e. 2008-2017 for the Study.
Determinants of Share Prices of listed Commercial Banks in Pakistaniosrjce
The focus of this paper is to identify the determinants of share prices for the listed commercial banks
in Karachi stock exchange over the period 2007-2013. One of the unique features of this paper is to find out the
impact of both internal and external factors on share price. Linear multiple regression analysis is used to
determine whether the selected independent variables have influence on share prices or not. The results indicate
that earning per share has more influence on share prices and it has positive and significant relationship with
share prices, book to market value ratio and interest rate have also significant but negative relation with share
prices while other variables (gross domestic product, price earnings ratio, dividend per share, leverage) have
no relationship with share prices
This paper empirically examines the impact of bank specific characteristics in determining the Islamic banking profitability in Bangladesh. Research period covers 2010–2017. Research method is a panel analysis. Fixed effects model is applied based on the Hausman test. The study takes return on assets (ROA) as the proxy of profitability. Company specific explanatory variables for the study are bank size, capital-to-risk assets (CRAR), investment-to-deposit (liquidity), non-performing investment (NPI), and cost-to-income. The study finds 4 out of 5 variables statistically significant. However, liquidity slightly misses the significance level. We have found CRAR and cost-to-income are negatively correlated, and liquidity is positively correlated to bank profitability as our expectation. On the other hand, estimation shows a negative correlation between bank size and profitability. Moreover, NPI is found to be positively correlated to ROA because Islamic banking industry’s very low percentage of non-performing investment (3.3%) could not inversely affect the profitability.
Mergers and Acquisitions in Indian Banking Sector A Case of Bharat Overseas B...ijtsrd
Mergers and Acquisitions MandAs continue to be a significant force in the restructuring of the financial services industry. The Indian Commercial Banking Sector, which has played a pivotal role in the country’s economic development, is currently passing through an exciting and challenging phase. The present research papers studies the impact of MandA on the financial performance of Bharat Overseas Bank and Indian Overseas Bank. The study uses key financial ratios to find the impact of MandA on financial performance of selected banks. Dr. Soniya Gambhir "Mergers and Acquisitions in Indian Banking Sector (A Case of Bharat Overseas Bank and Indian Overseas Bank)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38415.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/38415/mergers-and-acquisitions-in-indian-banking-sector-a-case-of-bharat-overseas-bank-and-indian-overseas-bank/dr-soniya-gambhir
A study on the Insolvency Risk of Commercial Banks in IndiaVarsha Kumar, MBA
A research based study about the Solvency and Insolvency of commercial banks operating in India. Includes the sample of all the bank operating in India including the foreign ones.
Assignment template pg research metodology (502)Abhilash Kharvi
In this Assignment paper to help for the students to learn research methodology to find out what are the methods and Technics are used in Journals
In this Paper to take particular topic to find out the Particular Problems
Financial Analysis on Recession Period at M&M TractorsProjects Kart
Financial ANalysis (also stated as financial plan analysis or accounting analysis) refers to an assessment of the viability, stability and profitable of a business, sub-business or project. Visit www.projectskart.com for more information. It is performed by professionals World Health Organization prepare reports exploitation ratios that create use of data taken from monetary statements and different reports. These reports area unit typically given to prime management mutually of their bases in creating business selections.
The Effect of Accounting Information on Abnormal Return of Stock: Assessment ...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : The study aims to investigate the impacts of accounting information on the stock prices of syariah and conventional stocks using Capital Asset Pricing Model, and examine the capital market reaction as a result of dividend announcement. The accounting information variable used is Avarage Abnormal Return (AAR) as a dependent variable, while Earning per Share (EPS), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE) are independent variables. The population of the study are all stocks of companies registered in the Indoneisian Stock Exchange in 2014 and 2015 and had undertaken dividend announcement. The study sample is the return measured by 111 days of abnormal return consisting of 11 days of observation period of Window and 100 days of observation period of estimation. The number of samples fulfilling the sampling criteria are 106 different companies which announcement cash dividend comprising 70 syariah companies and 36 conventional companies. The objects have represented all industrial sector listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The study indicates 8 types of stock portfolios, in all stock portfolios it is observable that the value of AAR variable increases after the dividend announcement.
Finance is the lifeblood and lifeline of any business entity either commercial or non-commercial. The
Survival, Stability and Sustainability of a firm is highly associated with its financial wellness. It can be observed through its ability to pay(re) short-term as well as long term liabilities, meeting the regular financial obligations, to increase the value of firm and ability to generate profit. Financial analysis, evaluation, and assessment help in determines the financial position and financial strength of a firm. Among the plenty of methods and tolls available for financial performance, ratio analysis is more useful and meaningful. These ratios make it possible to analyze the evolution of the financial situation of a firm (trend analysis), cross-sectional analysis and comparative analysis.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of EPS, ROE, and Quick Ratio on stock prices. The
sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with a population of 15 companies and a sample of 10 food
and beverage companies.
Development of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Management in the R...inventionjournals
The current health care system in the Republic of Moldova is not adequately focused on control and prevention of behavioral risk factors. There are no systems for systematically collecting behavioral risk factors data. The main goal of the research was to assess the feasibility of performing Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in the Republic of Moldova using the U.S. BRFSS standards, and provide evidence-based recommendations for new implementation. The proposed recommendations in base of performed SWOT analysis are opportunities to extend the good practice of U.S. health system in order to contribute for improvement of cardiovascular health in the Republic of Moldova.
Determinants of Share Prices of listed Commercial Banks in Pakistaniosrjce
The focus of this paper is to identify the determinants of share prices for the listed commercial banks
in Karachi stock exchange over the period 2007-2013. One of the unique features of this paper is to find out the
impact of both internal and external factors on share price. Linear multiple regression analysis is used to
determine whether the selected independent variables have influence on share prices or not. The results indicate
that earning per share has more influence on share prices and it has positive and significant relationship with
share prices, book to market value ratio and interest rate have also significant but negative relation with share
prices while other variables (gross domestic product, price earnings ratio, dividend per share, leverage) have
no relationship with share prices
This paper empirically examines the impact of bank specific characteristics in determining the Islamic banking profitability in Bangladesh. Research period covers 2010–2017. Research method is a panel analysis. Fixed effects model is applied based on the Hausman test. The study takes return on assets (ROA) as the proxy of profitability. Company specific explanatory variables for the study are bank size, capital-to-risk assets (CRAR), investment-to-deposit (liquidity), non-performing investment (NPI), and cost-to-income. The study finds 4 out of 5 variables statistically significant. However, liquidity slightly misses the significance level. We have found CRAR and cost-to-income are negatively correlated, and liquidity is positively correlated to bank profitability as our expectation. On the other hand, estimation shows a negative correlation between bank size and profitability. Moreover, NPI is found to be positively correlated to ROA because Islamic banking industry’s very low percentage of non-performing investment (3.3%) could not inversely affect the profitability.
Mergers and Acquisitions in Indian Banking Sector A Case of Bharat Overseas B...ijtsrd
Mergers and Acquisitions MandAs continue to be a significant force in the restructuring of the financial services industry. The Indian Commercial Banking Sector, which has played a pivotal role in the country’s economic development, is currently passing through an exciting and challenging phase. The present research papers studies the impact of MandA on the financial performance of Bharat Overseas Bank and Indian Overseas Bank. The study uses key financial ratios to find the impact of MandA on financial performance of selected banks. Dr. Soniya Gambhir "Mergers and Acquisitions in Indian Banking Sector (A Case of Bharat Overseas Bank and Indian Overseas Bank)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38415.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/38415/mergers-and-acquisitions-in-indian-banking-sector-a-case-of-bharat-overseas-bank-and-indian-overseas-bank/dr-soniya-gambhir
A study on the Insolvency Risk of Commercial Banks in IndiaVarsha Kumar, MBA
A research based study about the Solvency and Insolvency of commercial banks operating in India. Includes the sample of all the bank operating in India including the foreign ones.
Assignment template pg research metodology (502)Abhilash Kharvi
In this Assignment paper to help for the students to learn research methodology to find out what are the methods and Technics are used in Journals
In this Paper to take particular topic to find out the Particular Problems
Financial Analysis on Recession Period at M&M TractorsProjects Kart
Financial ANalysis (also stated as financial plan analysis or accounting analysis) refers to an assessment of the viability, stability and profitable of a business, sub-business or project. Visit www.projectskart.com for more information. It is performed by professionals World Health Organization prepare reports exploitation ratios that create use of data taken from monetary statements and different reports. These reports area unit typically given to prime management mutually of their bases in creating business selections.
The Effect of Accounting Information on Abnormal Return of Stock: Assessment ...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : The study aims to investigate the impacts of accounting information on the stock prices of syariah and conventional stocks using Capital Asset Pricing Model, and examine the capital market reaction as a result of dividend announcement. The accounting information variable used is Avarage Abnormal Return (AAR) as a dependent variable, while Earning per Share (EPS), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE) are independent variables. The population of the study are all stocks of companies registered in the Indoneisian Stock Exchange in 2014 and 2015 and had undertaken dividend announcement. The study sample is the return measured by 111 days of abnormal return consisting of 11 days of observation period of Window and 100 days of observation period of estimation. The number of samples fulfilling the sampling criteria are 106 different companies which announcement cash dividend comprising 70 syariah companies and 36 conventional companies. The objects have represented all industrial sector listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The study indicates 8 types of stock portfolios, in all stock portfolios it is observable that the value of AAR variable increases after the dividend announcement.
Finance is the lifeblood and lifeline of any business entity either commercial or non-commercial. The
Survival, Stability and Sustainability of a firm is highly associated with its financial wellness. It can be observed through its ability to pay(re) short-term as well as long term liabilities, meeting the regular financial obligations, to increase the value of firm and ability to generate profit. Financial analysis, evaluation, and assessment help in determines the financial position and financial strength of a firm. Among the plenty of methods and tolls available for financial performance, ratio analysis is more useful and meaningful. These ratios make it possible to analyze the evolution of the financial situation of a firm (trend analysis), cross-sectional analysis and comparative analysis.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of EPS, ROE, and Quick Ratio on stock prices. The
sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with a population of 15 companies and a sample of 10 food
and beverage companies.
Development of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Management in the R...inventionjournals
The current health care system in the Republic of Moldova is not adequately focused on control and prevention of behavioral risk factors. There are no systems for systematically collecting behavioral risk factors data. The main goal of the research was to assess the feasibility of performing Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in the Republic of Moldova using the U.S. BRFSS standards, and provide evidence-based recommendations for new implementation. The proposed recommendations in base of performed SWOT analysis are opportunities to extend the good practice of U.S. health system in order to contribute for improvement of cardiovascular health in the Republic of Moldova.
Una didáctica para la asignatura ciencias para comtemporáneo.
La inclusión de la asignatura Ciencias para el Mundo Contemporáneo en el Bachillerato puede suponer un cambio profundo en la enseñanza de las Ciencias. No obstante, la presencia curricular no es suficiente y es preciso clarificar cuestiones importantes: qué se pretende con esta asignatura, qué tipo de contenidos aborda, cómo debe enfocarse el trabajo en el aula, etc. Creemos que, en este momento, es necesario conocer propuestas y actividades concretas que clarifiquen y orienten al profesorado que debe enseñarla. Nuestro trabajo aborda el proceso de planificación de una unidad didáctica: “El uso de los recursos energéticos”. Este proceso consta de seis tareas: análisis del contenido de enseñanza; análisis de los problemas de aprendizaje de los mismos; análisis del contexto; determinación de objetivos de enseñanza; establecimiento de una secuencia de actividades; y selección de estrategias de evaluación
Un Método de Generación de Pruebas de
Rendimiento para Múltiples Tecnologías desde
Modelos UML con Anotaciones MARTE.
Jornadas SISTEDES 2012
Universidad de Almería
The Effects of Social Media Marketing In the Hotel Industry: Conceptual Model...inventionjournals
Hotel industry can use social media to engage customers and clients in dialogue and recognize their needs. Through these networking sites, hotel industry can interact with consumers before, during, and after the vacation experience. Social media is relatively new and the advantages are abundance such as it is affordable, it is viral and has the potential to spread brand awareness quickly and far and it is said to be able to develop link baits, attention and massive amounts of traffic. The purpose of this study was to investigate benefit factors of member participation and the relationships between community participation and brand commitment in hotel online communities. The present study identified five benefit factors (functional, hedonic, monetary, and social and psychological benefits) as the predictors of member participation in hotel Facebook fan pages. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the conceptual model. Based on the results of SEM, the results indicated that four benefit factors (functional, hedonic, social and psychological benefits) positively influenced member's community participation. The findings of this study provide significant insights for the researchers and marketers. From the theoretical perspective, this is the first empirical research that investigated consumer benefits and responses (i.e., community participation and brand commitment) in online communities managed by hotel sector. Thus, the study contributes to the understanding of consumer behavior in social media. From the practical perspective, the study suggests some strategies to effectively design hotel Face book fan pages, which can strengthen the relationships with current consumers and attract potential consumers.
Voice of the Parent: How Schools can Engage with ParentsQualtrics
Although there is clear, consistent evidence from the last five decades to show that learner outcomes (attendance, behaviours, school retention, academic achievement and wellbeing) improve when parents are engaged with their child's learning, there are challenges around what this engagement looks like and how to engage with parents in a productive manner.
The question remains: How can schools engage with parents in ways that will benefit student learning outcomes while simultaneously developing mutually acceptable and beneficial parent-school relationships?
In this webinar Qualtrics and CIRCLE discuss this question and explore how schools can use surveys to build a voice of parent program to strengthen parent-school relationships.
Impact of Customer Relationship Marketing on Customer Value Creation and Cust...inventionjournals
A common slang in the American Businesses known as ―Customer is king‖ and undoubtedly, without customers any business is useless. For achieving desired goals and objectives, there must be a long term relationship. In the modern world, there is a huge competition between organizations so the importance of the relationship with customer exceeds. As we know that the competition is just a mouse click away and the market is more demand oriented so that customer is life blood of any organization. A research study was conducted to analyze the relationship of customer relationship marketing with customer value creation and customer loyalty. Questionnaires were used to collect data from customers of different telecom firms and statistically analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results demonstrated the impact of customer relationship marketing on customer value creation and customer loyalty
Impact of the Quality of University Education on Labour Market in Sri Lanka.inventionjournals
The unemployment rate of graduates is being a major threat to the economic growth of Sri Lanka during the past decade. The reason for this unemployment was evident as the mismatch between the labour market expectation and skills acquired by the graduates. During past years due to the establishment of private universities a huge competition is being observed among public and private university graduates to secure their places in the labour market. Thus this research aims to explore the relationship between quality of the university education and labour market performance of graduates. This research studied the objectives via questionnaire with 5 point likert scale with 100 employed business graduates from selected three firms and with HR managers of the respective firms. The collected data was analyzed through Pearson’s correlation test and by simple linear regression analysis. The study concluded that the quality of education has a weak impact on the labour market outcome in Sri Lanka. Moreover it also pointed out that although the personality trait as the sub variable of quality of education, it has no significant impact on the labour market outcome. The increased mismatch between the quality of university education and the labour market outcome occurs due to the benchmark on the quality of education set by the HR managers.
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility Creates Social Value in Local Sri L...inventionjournals
This paper examines the social value creation of strategic CSR initiatives. A qualitative singlecase design is used by adopting the interpretivism approach. As per the findings strategic CSR improved skills and abilities of stakeholders and result in changing their lives positively. Further, hopes and dreams are created within the rural stakeholders and enhanced their entrepreneurial mind set. Social value creation is also occurred from strategic CSR activities in the form of increasing income and expanding life options, improving living conditions, restoring rights and duties, developing social capital and knowledge enhancement. Findings are compatible with the stakeholder theory since social value creation occurred to a greater extent when the organization builds a closer relationship with its stakeholders
The study examined the effect of fair value accounting on predictive power of earnings of listed Deposit Money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Fair value accounting has been a subject of serious concern in corporate finance and accounting literature following the adoption of International Financial Reporting standards. Data were collected from all the fifteen DMBs listed on the Nigerian stock exchange between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2015. In analyzing the collected data, the study adopted descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and a panel multiple regression analysis to identify the possible effects of fair value accounting on predictive power of earnings. The results revealed that fair value accounting significantly enhances earnings predictability. The results further established that where as fair value hierarchy level one does not significantly enhance earnings predictability of listed DMBs in Nigeria, level two and three was found to be negatively and significantly influencing earnings predictability. This implies that level two and three significantly reduces earnings predictability of listed DMBs in Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended that Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria should develop valuation guidelines that must be followed enhance reliability of fair value measurement in Nigeria.
Risk management in banks is a crucial issue mainly in Islamic banks. This study seeks to examine the impact of the incomes of mudharaba and musharaka on the relationship between risk and performance, which is measured by ROAA. This study employs unbalanced panel data regression analysis of Ordinary Least Squares method, from 16 Islamic banks from different countries over the period 2012 to 2015, which was processed by the software stata13. The results show that the income of Sharing of Losses and Profits (PLS) products (mudharaba and musharaka) has a moderating effect particularly on the relationships between performance and liquidity risk, and operational risk. However, it has no moderating effect on the relationship between performance and market risk. This study helps to enrich the literature with new models that can help bankers and Islamic finance students to get ideas and make relevant decisions in terms of investment.
Financial reporting quality has been said to play an important role in reducing information asymmetry. Thus, firms with high financial reporting quality may enhance more investors’ decision. Hence, the basic objective of this study is to determine whether earnings quality influence investors’ decision. The sample consisted of 10 manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange Market. The study period is 5 years (2010-2014). Data on accrual quality, volume of investment, Size, age and growth rate and earnings per share were drawn from the published annual report and accounts of the sampled companies. Correlation matrix, Vector auto regressive estimation and Pooled OLS model were employed for the analysis. Diagnostic tests for post estimation were also performed on the model. The result of the Ramsey Reset test shows a p-value of 0.2105, implying that model has no omitted variables. Also, Wooldridge test for autocorrelation in panel data indicates no first-order autocorrelation, showing a p-value of 0.3642. We calculated accruals quality based on the modified accrual model proposed by Mac Nichols in 2002. In this paper, the absolute value of residual error represents the financial reporting quality. This threshold is based on the idea that accruals reduce the smoothing initiated by the change in the cash flow and thus increase the earnings awareness. The study finds evidence of a positive association between investors’ decision and financial reporting quality.
The Performance of Financial Institutions and Internal Control System A Case ...ijtsrd
The study was all about internal control systems and the performance of financial institutions of GT Bank, Kigali, Rwanda 2016 2020 .Methodology of the study based on explanatory research design the population of this study was 105 of employees of GT Bank Rwanda, which was used as sample size using universal sampling method to gather information from respondents. The study used descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings on the effect of control activities on financial performance of GT Bank Rwanda were presented on Table 4.9 indicates the value of R square in this study is 87.3 means that the proportion of financial performance as dependent variable is explained by the independent variables control activities at 87.3 . This indicates that the model is very strong, as the independent variable very highly explain the dependent variable. The adjusted R square is used to compensate for additional variable in the model. In this case, the adjusted R square is 87.2 . Findings on the effect of risk assessment on financial performance of GTBank Rwanda were presented on Table 4.12 show the value of R square in this study is 61.1 means that the proportion of financial performance dependent variable is explained by the independent variables Risk assessment at 61.1 . This indicated that the model was strong, as the independent variable highly explain the dependent variable. The adjusted R square was used to compensate for additional variable in the model. In this case, the adjusted R square is 60.8 . Findings on the effect of control environment on financial performance of banking institutions in Rwanda confirmed on table 4.15 present the value of R square in this study was 51.1 means that the proportion of financial performance dependent variable is explained by the independent variables Control environment at 51.1 . Dr. Vidhya K | Dr. Neelam Maurya | Dr. Umamaheswari K "The Performance of Financial Institutions & Internal Control System - A Case Study of Guaranty Trust Bank, Kigali Rwanda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50323.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/50323/the-performance-of-financial-institutions-and-internal-control-system--a-case-study-of-guaranty-trust-bank-kigali-rwanda/dr-vidhya-k
This research work investigated the influence of firm size on the financial performance of deposit money banks quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange. The research work is necessitated by the need to find the factors that respond positively or negatively to the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Five deposit money banks were sampled with the aid of Taro Yemeni sampling technique to represent the entire banking industry in Nigeria. The firm size proxied by log of total assets represents the explanatory variable while the financial performance measured by profitability proxied by return on asset is the dependent variable. The analysis was conducted using the pooled OLS regression and fixed effect/random effect regression with the aid of STATA for panel regression. In addition, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were computed. The finding of the study indicates that firm size insignificantly negatively influenced financial performance as a result of diseconomies of scale. The study therefore recommends that the industry should minimize the cost of expansion and enjoy maximum benefits of economies of scale in addition to other factors that may stimulate financial performance should be considered instead of the firm size that indicate insignificantly negative effect.
Effect of Credit Risk Management Practices on Profitability of Listed Commerc...iosrjce
The study sought to analyze the effect of credit risk management practices on profitability of listed
commercial banks at Nairobi Security Exchange in Kenya. A descriptive research design was adopted. The
population comprised of listed commerical banks where a sample of 55 employees was purposively sampled. It
was established that credit appraisal practices had a significant positive effect on profitability and that it
explained 14.4% of the variations in profitability. The results also found that credit monitoring had a
significative positive effect on profitability and that 47.8% of the variance in profitability. The findings further,
indicated that debt collection practices had a positive and significant relationship and explained 17.4% of the
variations in profitability. Lastly, the results indicated that credit risk governance had a positive and significant
effect on profitability. Based on the study findings the study concluded that credit appraisal, debt collection and
credit risk governance have a significant positive effect on profitability. It is thus recommended that commercial
banks should have stringent credit appraisal and debt collection policies, credit personnel at all levels must
work in co-ordination in order to ensure that credit is collected in a timely manner and banks should also adopt
credit risk governance frameworks which can be attained by making the process of interaction between senior
management and the Board more effective
Effect of Audit Quality on the Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks i...ijtsrd
This study investigated the effect of audit quality on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The Ex-post Facto research design was adopted. The Judgmental sampling was adopted to selected 14 from the 22 listed Deposit Money Banks on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The data collected from annual reports and accounts of deposit money banks were analyzed using the simple regression and correlation analyses. Findings f revealed that Audit Committee Size ACSIZ has a positive but insignificant effect on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Audit Committee Independence ACIND and Audit Committee Meetings ACM both have a negative and insignificant effect on the financial performance of quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria while Auditors Size BIG4A has a positive and statistically significant effect on the financial performance of quoted banks in Nigeria. Based on this, the study recommended among others that the management of the deposit money banks in Nigeria should employ the services of one of the big audit firms and where this is not possible, go for an audit firm whose character and integrity is beyond question. Muotolu, Peace Chikwemma | E. O. Nwadialor "Effect of Audit Quality on the Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21557.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/21557/effect-of-audit-quality-on-the-financial-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/muotolu-peace-chikwemma
A non parametric analysis is performed in the banking industry in the Philippines. This study is of interest from several points of view. First, it is of use for those who are interested in understanding how Philippine banks performed prior and throughout the global financial crisis. The study will point to which banking models handled the financial crisis well. Secondly, this would be of interest for those who are interested in comparing and contrasting the performance of different types of banking models in the Asia Pacific. As more local banks consider expanding overseas, there are various options in terms of banking models to consider, branch to the subsidiary, commercial to universal, each with its strict regulatory guidelines. For a developing economy, such as the Philippines, we aim to show the impact of different models based on traditionally used inputs of measuring banking performance, and applying it to our non parametric model. The study‘s conclusions point to the universal banking model is the most consistently efficient models of banking in the Philippines.
Similar to Effect of Portfolio Diversification on Commercial Banks Financial Performance in Kenya (20)
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
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Effect of Portfolio Diversification on Commercial Banks Financial Performance in Kenya
1. International Journal of Business and Management Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 801X
www.ijbmi.org || Volume 5 Issue 9 || September. 2016 || PP—05-08
www.ijbmi.org 5 | Page
Effect of Portfolio Diversification on Commercial Banks Financial
Performance in Kenya
Arnety N. Makokha1
, Gregory S. Namusonge2
, Maurice Sakwa3
1
School of Business Management (SOBE), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
2
School of Entrepreneurship and procurement Management (SEPM), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture
and Technology
ABSTRACT: The study examined the effect of portfolio diversification on Commercial Banks financial
performance. Mixed method of research design was used and data was collected using questionnaires and
interview schedules. Target population was 43 licensed Commercial Banks in Kenya from which one hundred
and thirty three (133) managers were randomly selected to form sample size. Validity of the research
instruments was ensured through content, face and construct validity testing. Data was analyzed using
descriptive statistics and inferential statistics which included correlation analysis and bivariate regression
analysis. The study established a positive statistically significant relationship between portfolio diversification
and financial performance. The portfolio diversification explained 68% of the changes in the financial
performance of commercial banks in Kenya and that most banks diversify their investments which has enabled
them to increase profits and performance in the past years.The study recommended that financial institutions
should invest in a combination of assets which are negatively correlated because this maximizes revenue
(returns) and minimizes losses (risks). Further study should be undertaken to establish the best combination of
assets that can yield an efficient portfolio.
Keywords: Portfolio diversification, Mean variance theory, financial performance and portfolio theory
I. INTRODUCTION
In the recent decade both macro and micro finance institutions have emerged in the banking industry limiting
chances of survival to non performing institutions. The finance managers are therefore under pressure from
every direction to find the best strategy of raising returns while minimizing losses or risks to improve
performance. Ongore and Kusa (2013) stated that poor bank performance may lead to banking failure and
crisis, which have negative consequence on the economic growth. This has necessitated continuous research in
this field to fill the gaps and establish the critical determinants of commercial banks financial performance
hence informing the study.The study examined the effect of portfolio diversification on commercial banks
financial performance in Kenya.
II. PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION
A portfolio is a bundle or a combination of individual assets or securities. Portfolio theory provides a normative
approach to investors to make decisions to invest their wealth in assets or securities under risk. Berger, Hasan
and Zhou (2010) in their study in Chinese banks captured four dimensions of diversification as loans, deposits,
assets, geography and established that they are associated with reduced profits and high costs. Olweny and
Shipho (2013) contradicted the above findings that income diversification affects banks’ profits significantly.
Demsetz and Strahan (1997) argued that better diversification does not translate into reduction in risk and that
large banks holding companies are better diversified than small bank holding companies based on market
measures of diversification. The proponents considered diversification majorly on the above mentioned
dimensions however forgotcombination of assets (portfolio) hence the current study filled the gap by
establishing the effect of portfolio diversification on financial performance based on the mean variance theory
and the portfolio theory. According to portfolio and mean variance theories, investment should be done in
several assets which are negatively correlated example the investment in ice cream and rain coats is an efficient
investment since the two investments hedges different weather conditions. The ice cream for sunny and rain
coats for rainy weather, this implies that the incase either of the conditions appears the investor will still be in
business and hence will maximize his returns. Suppose both conditions were for either rainy or sunny, the
investor will stand to lose when the weather changes (Makokha, 2015).
III. FINDINGS
3.1 Sampling Adequacy
The data is regarded appropriate for statistical analysis if the value of KMO is greater than 0.5 (Field, 2000) and
(Linyiru, 2015). Findings of Table 1 indicates that KMO test was 0.911 which was significantly high that is
2. Effect Of Portfolio Diversification On Commercial Banks Financial Performance In Kenya
www.ijbmi.org 6 | Page
greater than the critical level of significance of the test which was set at 0.5 (field, 2000). Besides to the KMO
test, the Bettelers test of sphericity was also highly significant with 414.851 with 28 degree of freedom at
P<0.05.
These results were in agreement with Kothari (2014) who lauded that the test of KMO and Bartletts test and
factor analysis though principal component analysis method, the results obtained should be closer to 1 to
indicate acceptability and at a significance level of less than 0.05. Therefore, these results provide a justification
for further statistical analysis to be conducted.
Table 1Portfolio Diversification of KMO sampling adequacy Bartlett’s Sphericity
Test Coefficient
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy 0.911
Bartlett's Test Chi-Square 414.851
Bartlett's Test df 28
Bartlett's Test Sig 0
3.2 Factor analysis
The extraction of the factors followed the Kaiser criterion where an Eigen value of 1 or more indicates a unique
factor (Linyiru, Karanja and Gichira (2015). Total variance analysis indicates that the eight (8) statements on
portfolio diversification and financial performance can be factored into one (1) factor. Total variance explained
by the extracted factor is 60.35% as shown in table 2This findings were consistent with Kothari (2014) who
stated that factor analysis results through principal component analysis method, should be closer to 1 to indicate
acceptability.
Table 2Portfolio Diversification Total Variance Explained
Items Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings
Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative %
1 4.828 60.350 60.350 4.828 60.350 60.350
2 0.663 8.287 68.637
3 0.644 8.046 76.683
4 0.527 6.584 83.267
5 0.421 5.258 88.526
6 0.331 4.139 92.665
7 0.307 3.841 96.506
8 0.280 3.494 100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Table 3 the findings of factor loading for sub-construct of portfolio diversification indicate that all statements
attracted coefficients of more than 0.5 therefore all were retained for analysis. This is supported by Linyiru,
Karanja and Gichira (2015) and Kothari (2014) who lauded that a factor loading equal to or greater than 0.5 has
good stability and leads to desirable solutions.
Table 3Factor loading for Portfolio Diversification
Items Factor loading
1 our bank provides custodianship of valuable documents 0.835
2 Our bank gives back to the society 0.792
3 Our bank facilitates money transfer 0.756
4 Our bank offers Mpesa services 0.807
5 Our bank offers Mortgage and development loans 0.717
6 Our bank offers favorable interest rates on savings 0.723
7 Our bank recruits qualified personnel 0.764
8 Our bank provides automation services 0.813
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
3.3 Descriptive results
The third objective was to investigate the influence of portfolio diversification on commercial banks financial
performance in Kenya. Table 4showed that 60% of the respondents agreed that the bank provides custodianship
of valuable documents which attracts revenue, 42% of the respondents agreed with the statement that the bank
gives back to the society in terms of supporting needy and cleaver students and this earns it increased number of
clients, 70% of the respondents agreed that the bank facilitates money transfer and this earns it revenue, 63% of
the respondents agreed that the banks recruits qualified personnel who works in their specialized areas to
increase productivity hence performance, 65% of the respondents agreed that the banks provides automation
services to their clients which has reduced the operation costs, 66% of the respondents agreed that banks offers
favorable interest rates on savings this gives motivation to the savers to increase their savings, 66% of the
respondents agreed that the banks offers mortgage and development loans to improve the living standards of the
3. Effect Of Portfolio Diversification On Commercial Banks Financial Performance In Kenya
www.ijbmi.org 7 | Page
clients. The mean score for responses for this section was 3.460 which indicated that majority of the respondents
agreed that portfolio diversification influences financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya hence
giving a justification of its inclusion as a key driver of financial performance.
The weighted mean for the above responses was computed based on the following key.
1 strongly Disagree= Never ever exhibited (mean value of 1 – 1.80)
2 Disagreed = rarely exhibited (1.81 - 2.60)
3 Neutral = frequently exhibited (2.61 – 3.40)
4 Agree = Always exhibited (3.41 – 4.20)
5 Strongly Agree = never ever exhibited (4.21 – 5.0)
The standard deviation gives the variations of the responses from the mean. It provides an indication of how far
the individual response to each factor varies from the mean. Linyiru (2015) stated that a standard deviation of
more than one (1) indicates that responses are moderately distributed while less than one (1) means there was no
consensus on the responses obtained. The average standard deviation of 1.4220 on all the statements indicates
that the respondents were moderately distributed. The findings on portfolio diversification on performance are
consistent with the portfolio theory advanced by Markowitz (1952) in which he postulated that the investors
calculate their investment in order to take smallest possible risk to maximize returns and therefore they diversify
their investment in more than one stock.
Table 4Descriptive results on portfolio diversification
S/N Opinion Statement SD% D% U% A% SA% Mean STDV
1 Our bank provides custodianship
of valuable documents
21% 14% 5% 33% 27% 3.3100 1.5222
2 Our bank gives back to the
society
23% 30% 5% 29% 13% 2.7900 1.4163
3 Our bank facilitates money
transfer
18% 12% 0% 62% 8% 3.3000 1.3065
4 Our bank recruits qualifies
personnel
21% 13% 3% 29% 34% 3.5500 1.2900
5 Our bank provides automation
services
14% 5% 16% 42% 23% 3.4900 1.4736
6 Our bank offers favorable
interest rates on savings
14% 14% 6% 34% 32% 3.4200 1.57108
7 Our banks offers mortgage and
development loans
14% 14% 6% 34% 32% 3.6300 1.4236
8 Our bank offers Mpesa services 18% 13% 0% 54% 15% 3.3500 1.3735
Average 3.4600 1.4220
3.4 Relationship between Portfolio diversification and performance
Correlation analysis showed the relationship between the dependent and dependent variables (Jahangir &
Begum, 2008). Table 5 findings showed a strong positive correlation of 0.827 between risk management
practices and financial performance. The P value was 0.000 at 1 % (0.01) level of significance.
This means portfolio diversification is a strong determinant of financial performance in Commercial banks in
Kenya. This was consistent with the findings of Ngumi (2013) who lauded that when significance level is very
small (less than 0.01) them the correlation is significant between the two variables.
Table 5Relationship between Portfolio diversification and financial performance
Variable Financial Performance (FP) Portfolio Diversification (PD)
Financial Performance
(FP)
Pearson Correlation 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed)
Portfolio diversification
(PD)
Pearson Correlation 0.827**
1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000
IV. INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
4.1 Test of Hypothesis
The study hypothesis was stated as follows:
H01 Portfolio diversification has no significant effect on financial performance
Ho2 portfolio diversification has significant effect on financial performance
The Regression analysis was run to test the above hypothesis and established that the coefficient determination
of R2
was 0.684 and the correlation coefficient of 0.827. Thus the model explains 68.4% of the variance in the
financial performance in commercial banks in Kenya as shown in table 6
Table 6Portfolio diversification and financial performance model summary
4. Effect Of Portfolio Diversification On Commercial Banks Financial Performance In Kenya
www.ijbmi.org 8 | Page
R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
0.827a
0.684 0.681 0.60841
a. Predictors: (Constant), PD
Further regression analysis slope coefficient representing the influence of the portfolio diversification variable
of financial performance was tested. The test hypothesis was as follows:
H0: β = 0 (Portfolio diversification do not determine financial performance)
H1: β ≠0 (Portfolio diversification determine financial performance)
The t- statistic was used to test the hypothesis on the significance of slope coefficient (β) at 5 per cent level of
significance. The results of table 7 show that the t value was 14.557 and P = 0.000 indicating that β was
statistically significant since the p value of the t-static obtained is sufficiently low (P < 0.05). The null
hypothesis was rejected and alternative hypothesis accepted that portfolio diversification significantly determine
financial performance among commercial banks in Kenya.
Table 7Portfolio diversification and financial performance regression coefficients
Variable B Std. Error Beta T Sig.
(Constant) 0.586 0.195 3.005 .003
PD 0.806 0.055 .827 14.557 .000
a. Dependent Variable: FP
The researcher further run ANOVA (F-test) to find the overall significance of the regression model (goodness of
fit) at 5% level of significance and found that table 8 indicated the value of computed F statistic as 171.443 with
a P- value of 0.000 at the 5% level of significance.The null hypothesis was rejected since the probability value
(P value) of obtained F was significantly low (P<0.005). Thus, the model fit is acceptable implying that there
was a significant positive linear relationship between portfolio diversification and financial performance among
commercial banks in Kenya.
Table 8Portfolio diversification and financial performance ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Regression 44.397 1 44.397 171.443 .000b
Residual 25.378 98 .259
Total 69.776 99
a. Dependent Variable: FP
b. Predictors: (Constant), PD
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