A non parametric analysis is performed in the banking industry in the Philippines. This study is of interest from several points of view. First, it is of use for those who are interested in understanding how Philippine banks performed prior and throughout the global financial crisis. The study will point to which banking models handled the financial crisis well. Secondly, this would be of interest for those who are interested in comparing and contrasting the performance of different types of banking models in the Asia Pacific. As more local banks consider expanding overseas, there are various options in terms of banking models to consider, branch to the subsidiary, commercial to universal, each with its strict regulatory guidelines. For a developing economy, such as the Philippines, we aim to show the impact of different models based on traditionally used inputs of measuring banking performance, and applying it to our non parametric model. The study‘s conclusions point to the universal banking model is the most consistently efficient models of banking in the Philippines.
Impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capital...inventionjournals
Panel data has been collected for 44 Middle Eastern banks that are operated during 2005 to 2014 in different Middle Eastern countries. Secondary data has been collected primarily through the DataStream database. The study is conducted to investigate the impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capitalization of the Middle Eastern banks. Results of Hausman test have explained that fixed effect model is appropriate for the analysis. The result of multiple regression have shown that market capitalization has positive relationship with ROI while negative relationship with credit risk, inflation, and year dummy for the Middle Eastern banks. Furthermore, no relationship has been observed between market capitalization and the ROA, ROE, growth and exchange rate for the Middle Eastern banks.
Finance is the lifeblood and lifeline of any business entity either commercial or non-commercial. The
Survival, Stability and Sustainability of a firm is highly associated with its financial wellness. It can be observed through its ability to pay(re) short-term as well as long term liabilities, meeting the regular financial obligations, to increase the value of firm and ability to generate profit. Financial analysis, evaluation, and assessment help in determines the financial position and financial strength of a firm. Among the plenty of methods and tolls available for financial performance, ratio analysis is more useful and meaningful. These ratios make it possible to analyze the evolution of the financial situation of a firm (trend analysis), cross-sectional analysis and comparative analysis.
Impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capital...inventionjournals
Panel data has been collected for 44 Middle Eastern banks that are operated during 2005 to 2014 in different Middle Eastern countries. Secondary data has been collected primarily through the DataStream database. The study is conducted to investigate the impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capitalization of the Middle Eastern banks. Results of Hausman test have explained that fixed effect model is appropriate for the analysis. The result of multiple regression have shown that market capitalization has positive relationship with ROI while negative relationship with credit risk, inflation, and year dummy for the Middle Eastern banks. Furthermore, no relationship has been observed between market capitalization and the ROA, ROE, growth and exchange rate for the Middle Eastern banks.
Finance is the lifeblood and lifeline of any business entity either commercial or non-commercial. The
Survival, Stability and Sustainability of a firm is highly associated with its financial wellness. It can be observed through its ability to pay(re) short-term as well as long term liabilities, meeting the regular financial obligations, to increase the value of firm and ability to generate profit. Financial analysis, evaluation, and assessment help in determines the financial position and financial strength of a firm. Among the plenty of methods and tolls available for financial performance, ratio analysis is more useful and meaningful. These ratios make it possible to analyze the evolution of the financial situation of a firm (trend analysis), cross-sectional analysis and comparative analysis.
A Comparison of Key Determinants on Profitability of India’s Largest Public a...Rajveer Rawlin
The banking sector in India has come under the scanner following some key changes in monetary policy. With
the Reserve bank of India (RBI) raising interest rates to support the falling Indian currency the Rupee, the cost of
funds of banks has increased significantly. This could manifest itself in rising non-performing assets (NPAs) and
declining profitability. The profitability of banks is impacted by both internal and external factors. This paper is
an attempt to compare the key drivers of profits at India’s largest public and private sector banks. Bank specific
metrics and risk factors were important drivers of profits at both banks. Productivity measures were key drivers
of profits at India’s largest public sector bank SBI but had no effect on profits at India’s largest private sector
bank, HDFC bank. Asset usage efficiency measures were key determinants of profitability at HDFC bank but not
at SBI. The single most important determinant of SBI proved to be business per employee, a productivity
measure while advances and bank size which are traditional bank metrics were key drivers of profits at HDFC
bank. Managers at both banks and their share holders thus can look at these drivers to develop a broad
understanding of profitability at the two banks.
This research work investigated the influence of firm size on the financial performance of deposit money banks quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange. The research work is necessitated by the need to find the factors that respond positively or negatively to the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Five deposit money banks were sampled with the aid of Taro Yemeni sampling technique to represent the entire banking industry in Nigeria. The firm size proxied by log of total assets represents the explanatory variable while the financial performance measured by profitability proxied by return on asset is the dependent variable. The analysis was conducted using the pooled OLS regression and fixed effect/random effect regression with the aid of STATA for panel regression. In addition, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were computed. The finding of the study indicates that firm size insignificantly negatively influenced financial performance as a result of diseconomies of scale. The study therefore recommends that the industry should minimize the cost of expansion and enjoy maximum benefits of economies of scale in addition to other factors that may stimulate financial performance should be considered instead of the firm size that indicate insignificantly negative effect.
Corporate Earnings, Dividend Payment, and Share Price Movements of Deposit Mo...Premier Publishers
This study sought to examine the dynamic relationship between corporate earnings, dividend payments and market prices of Nigerian deposit money banks’ shares. Time series and cross-sectional data covering seven years (2009-2015) were sourced from the selected banks published annual reports and accounts. Using both panel data regressions and granger causality tests, the static and dynamic relationships amongst corporate earnings, dividend information and market prices of shares were examined. Results from the study revealed that both corporate earnings and dividend payout have positive and significant impact on market price of shares. It was also discovered that corporate earnings and dividend information granger cause market prices of Nigerian banks shares. It is therefore recommended amongst others that management of Nigerian banks should place emphasis on profitability in all their operations; design appropriate dividend policy that should maximize stock returns and above all deposit money banks corporate managers should consider several other variables such as investment opportunities, available financing, tax and prevailing interest rates before declaring dividend to shareholders.
Determinants of Banks’ Financial Performance: A Comparative Study between Nat...inventionjournals
Financial performance is one of the most critical factors having impact on the decision making of the resource providers. And thus to ensure the existence in the ever growing competitive business environment, every institution should be more concerned about the factors affecting their financial performance. This paper specially focuses on identifying the factors having impact on the financial performance of the commercial banks operating in Bangladesh. An effort has also been exerted to determine whether the extent of influence of various factors on financial performance varies with respect to local private and nationalized commercial banks. For this purpose 10 local private commercial banks (PCB) and all nationalized commercial banks (NCB) have been taken covering the period from 2008-2014. Here, data has been collected from the annual reports of the banks under consideration. To draw conclusion a multiple regression has been run by considering financial performance (profitability) as dependent variable and operating efficiency, asset utilization , liquidity, credit risk, capital adequacy and size of the company as independent variables. The study finds that asset utilization and operating efficiency have significant positive impact on banks' financial performance (profitability) whereas credit risk has significant negative impact. However, for PCBs asset utilization is the most critical factor to performance. On the other hand, result shows that in case of NCB 1 taka increase in credit risk is responsible for negative return of 0.968 taka. It is found that financial performance has no significant relationship with size and liquidity of the banks
Growth Implications of Managerial Finance in Business: Empirical Evidence fro...Premier Publishers
The effective management of business finance is critically dependent on the proper understanding of the interrelationships between different dimensions of financial management and growth performance of the business. This study examines the relationship between selected managerial finance functions and growth of business in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation model. The results show that all the managerial functions selected for the study are positively correlated with growth, but with varying levels of significance. The implication of the results is that, given the diversity and specialized nature of managerial finance, every dimension of management relating to financial resources should be taken seriously to ensure long-term sustainable growth of business.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This study attempts to measure the financial performance of selected Bangladeshi commercial banks for the period 2010-2016 through using the DuPont model which is an important tool for measuring profitability and judging the financial performance of any financial entity. The modified DuPont model disaggregates ROE (which is an indication of the earning power of the firm) into five components: tax burden, interest burden, profit margin, total asset turnover, and equity multiplier ratios. Empirical results exhibit that Dhaka Bank has performed best in every aspect and secured the first position due to highest average ROE. On the other hand, AB Bank is the least performer among all the banks due to its lowest average ROE. Finally, this study suggests that a company can have high ROE if it has high operating margin, lower interest, lower income tax, efficient use of assets and high use of debt in its capital structure.
Influence of Strategic Investment Management Practices on Financial Performan...IOSRJBM
This research aimed at analyzing the influence of Investment management practices on financial performance of manufacturing companies using evidence from Kenya’s sugar industry. The following specific objectives were addressed by this study: to assess the influence of strategic Investment management practices on financial performance of sugar Manufacturing companies in Kenya and to determine the influence of Board structure as a moderating factor on the financial performance of sugar manufacturing companies in Kenya. This study was guided by agency theory. This research adopted a descriptive research design in which a census of all the targeted population of 12 manufacturing companies jointly from sugar manufacturing industry were drawn from a list of 800 manufacturing companies in Kenya, whereby a proportionate random sample of 109 employees were interviewed from all the 12 sugar manufacturing companies in Kenya. Questionnaires were administered as the main tool of data collection whereby 102 questionnaires were collected representing a 93.6% response rate. Descriptive statistical techniques were applied to describe application of strategic financial management practices in the sampled manufacturing companies which were sugar manufacturing companies in this study. Inferential statistical techniques such as Correlation analysis and regression analysis were applied to test the hypotheses of association and differences. Gathered data was processed by computer and the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) which was the main computer software that was utilized in data analysis. The strategic Investment Management practices’ null hypothesis was rejected implying a significant effect on financial performance. Board structure was found significant implying board structure as a moderating value has a significant effect on financial performance.It is therefore recommended that it is important for firms to retain their profits so that they can reinvest and gain higher returns on investments and shareholder equity. This study suggests the need for further research on other economic factors besides Investment management practices that influence the financial performance of sugar manufacturing companies and other companies.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
IPO underpricing analysis in Indonesia during 2012-2016edwin hutauruk
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE UNDERPRICING OF INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING (IPO) SECTOR SERVICES / NON-MANUFACTURING IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE PERIOD 2012-2016
Effect of Portfolio Diversification on Commercial Banks Financial Performance...inventionjournals
The study examined the effect of portfolio diversification on Commercial Banks financial performance. Mixed method of research design was used and data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. Target population was 43 licensed Commercial Banks in Kenya from which one hundred and thirty three (133) managers were randomly selected to form sample size. Validity of the research instruments was ensured through content, face and construct validity testing. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics which included correlation analysis and bivariate regression analysis. The study established a positive statistically significant relationship between portfolio diversification and financial performance. The portfolio diversification explained 68% of the changes in the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya and that most banks diversify their investments which has enabled them to increase profits and performance in the past years.The study recommended that financial institutions should invest in a combination of assets which are negatively correlated because this maximizes revenue (returns) and minimizes losses (risks). Further study should be undertaken to establish the best combination of assets that can yield an efficient portfolio.
A Comparison of Key Determinants on Profitability of India’s Largest Public a...Rajveer Rawlin
The banking sector in India has come under the scanner following some key changes in monetary policy. With
the Reserve bank of India (RBI) raising interest rates to support the falling Indian currency the Rupee, the cost of
funds of banks has increased significantly. This could manifest itself in rising non-performing assets (NPAs) and
declining profitability. The profitability of banks is impacted by both internal and external factors. This paper is
an attempt to compare the key drivers of profits at India’s largest public and private sector banks. Bank specific
metrics and risk factors were important drivers of profits at both banks. Productivity measures were key drivers
of profits at India’s largest public sector bank SBI but had no effect on profits at India’s largest private sector
bank, HDFC bank. Asset usage efficiency measures were key determinants of profitability at HDFC bank but not
at SBI. The single most important determinant of SBI proved to be business per employee, a productivity
measure while advances and bank size which are traditional bank metrics were key drivers of profits at HDFC
bank. Managers at both banks and their share holders thus can look at these drivers to develop a broad
understanding of profitability at the two banks.
This research work investigated the influence of firm size on the financial performance of deposit money banks quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange. The research work is necessitated by the need to find the factors that respond positively or negatively to the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Five deposit money banks were sampled with the aid of Taro Yemeni sampling technique to represent the entire banking industry in Nigeria. The firm size proxied by log of total assets represents the explanatory variable while the financial performance measured by profitability proxied by return on asset is the dependent variable. The analysis was conducted using the pooled OLS regression and fixed effect/random effect regression with the aid of STATA for panel regression. In addition, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were computed. The finding of the study indicates that firm size insignificantly negatively influenced financial performance as a result of diseconomies of scale. The study therefore recommends that the industry should minimize the cost of expansion and enjoy maximum benefits of economies of scale in addition to other factors that may stimulate financial performance should be considered instead of the firm size that indicate insignificantly negative effect.
Corporate Earnings, Dividend Payment, and Share Price Movements of Deposit Mo...Premier Publishers
This study sought to examine the dynamic relationship between corporate earnings, dividend payments and market prices of Nigerian deposit money banks’ shares. Time series and cross-sectional data covering seven years (2009-2015) were sourced from the selected banks published annual reports and accounts. Using both panel data regressions and granger causality tests, the static and dynamic relationships amongst corporate earnings, dividend information and market prices of shares were examined. Results from the study revealed that both corporate earnings and dividend payout have positive and significant impact on market price of shares. It was also discovered that corporate earnings and dividend information granger cause market prices of Nigerian banks shares. It is therefore recommended amongst others that management of Nigerian banks should place emphasis on profitability in all their operations; design appropriate dividend policy that should maximize stock returns and above all deposit money banks corporate managers should consider several other variables such as investment opportunities, available financing, tax and prevailing interest rates before declaring dividend to shareholders.
Determinants of Banks’ Financial Performance: A Comparative Study between Nat...inventionjournals
Financial performance is one of the most critical factors having impact on the decision making of the resource providers. And thus to ensure the existence in the ever growing competitive business environment, every institution should be more concerned about the factors affecting their financial performance. This paper specially focuses on identifying the factors having impact on the financial performance of the commercial banks operating in Bangladesh. An effort has also been exerted to determine whether the extent of influence of various factors on financial performance varies with respect to local private and nationalized commercial banks. For this purpose 10 local private commercial banks (PCB) and all nationalized commercial banks (NCB) have been taken covering the period from 2008-2014. Here, data has been collected from the annual reports of the banks under consideration. To draw conclusion a multiple regression has been run by considering financial performance (profitability) as dependent variable and operating efficiency, asset utilization , liquidity, credit risk, capital adequacy and size of the company as independent variables. The study finds that asset utilization and operating efficiency have significant positive impact on banks' financial performance (profitability) whereas credit risk has significant negative impact. However, for PCBs asset utilization is the most critical factor to performance. On the other hand, result shows that in case of NCB 1 taka increase in credit risk is responsible for negative return of 0.968 taka. It is found that financial performance has no significant relationship with size and liquidity of the banks
Growth Implications of Managerial Finance in Business: Empirical Evidence fro...Premier Publishers
The effective management of business finance is critically dependent on the proper understanding of the interrelationships between different dimensions of financial management and growth performance of the business. This study examines the relationship between selected managerial finance functions and growth of business in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation model. The results show that all the managerial functions selected for the study are positively correlated with growth, but with varying levels of significance. The implication of the results is that, given the diversity and specialized nature of managerial finance, every dimension of management relating to financial resources should be taken seriously to ensure long-term sustainable growth of business.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This study attempts to measure the financial performance of selected Bangladeshi commercial banks for the period 2010-2016 through using the DuPont model which is an important tool for measuring profitability and judging the financial performance of any financial entity. The modified DuPont model disaggregates ROE (which is an indication of the earning power of the firm) into five components: tax burden, interest burden, profit margin, total asset turnover, and equity multiplier ratios. Empirical results exhibit that Dhaka Bank has performed best in every aspect and secured the first position due to highest average ROE. On the other hand, AB Bank is the least performer among all the banks due to its lowest average ROE. Finally, this study suggests that a company can have high ROE if it has high operating margin, lower interest, lower income tax, efficient use of assets and high use of debt in its capital structure.
Influence of Strategic Investment Management Practices on Financial Performan...IOSRJBM
This research aimed at analyzing the influence of Investment management practices on financial performance of manufacturing companies using evidence from Kenya’s sugar industry. The following specific objectives were addressed by this study: to assess the influence of strategic Investment management practices on financial performance of sugar Manufacturing companies in Kenya and to determine the influence of Board structure as a moderating factor on the financial performance of sugar manufacturing companies in Kenya. This study was guided by agency theory. This research adopted a descriptive research design in which a census of all the targeted population of 12 manufacturing companies jointly from sugar manufacturing industry were drawn from a list of 800 manufacturing companies in Kenya, whereby a proportionate random sample of 109 employees were interviewed from all the 12 sugar manufacturing companies in Kenya. Questionnaires were administered as the main tool of data collection whereby 102 questionnaires were collected representing a 93.6% response rate. Descriptive statistical techniques were applied to describe application of strategic financial management practices in the sampled manufacturing companies which were sugar manufacturing companies in this study. Inferential statistical techniques such as Correlation analysis and regression analysis were applied to test the hypotheses of association and differences. Gathered data was processed by computer and the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) which was the main computer software that was utilized in data analysis. The strategic Investment Management practices’ null hypothesis was rejected implying a significant effect on financial performance. Board structure was found significant implying board structure as a moderating value has a significant effect on financial performance.It is therefore recommended that it is important for firms to retain their profits so that they can reinvest and gain higher returns on investments and shareholder equity. This study suggests the need for further research on other economic factors besides Investment management practices that influence the financial performance of sugar manufacturing companies and other companies.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
IPO underpricing analysis in Indonesia during 2012-2016edwin hutauruk
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE UNDERPRICING OF INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING (IPO) SECTOR SERVICES / NON-MANUFACTURING IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE PERIOD 2012-2016
Effect of Portfolio Diversification on Commercial Banks Financial Performance...inventionjournals
The study examined the effect of portfolio diversification on Commercial Banks financial performance. Mixed method of research design was used and data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. Target population was 43 licensed Commercial Banks in Kenya from which one hundred and thirty three (133) managers were randomly selected to form sample size. Validity of the research instruments was ensured through content, face and construct validity testing. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics which included correlation analysis and bivariate regression analysis. The study established a positive statistically significant relationship between portfolio diversification and financial performance. The portfolio diversification explained 68% of the changes in the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya and that most banks diversify their investments which has enabled them to increase profits and performance in the past years.The study recommended that financial institutions should invest in a combination of assets which are negatively correlated because this maximizes revenue (returns) and minimizes losses (risks). Further study should be undertaken to establish the best combination of assets that can yield an efficient portfolio.
Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance Evidence from ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study determined the relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals, on return on investment. Data for this study were obtained from secondary sources only. The study adopted an ex post facto research design. The secondary data were obtained from annual reports of 22 listed banks in Nigeria Stock Exchange. The sample banks were obtained using the stratified sampling technique while the sample size was obtained using the random sampling technique. The variables that were considered in this study are financial reporting quality and corporate performance, which were represented by the effect of discretionary accruals, and non discretionary accruals on return on investment. Data analyses were carried out using Ordinary Least Square statistical tools with aid of E view 9 and the level of significance used to test the hypothesis was 5 . The findings show that there is negative but significant relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals and return on investment. Based on the findings, the study recommended that management of listed banks should ensure that they adopt best practices in financial reporting like Automated financial reporting solutions because there is direct relationship between abnormal accruals and return on investment. Anichukwu, Salome A | Ekwueme, Chizoba M "Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Listed Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39835.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/39835/effect-of-financial-reporting-quality-on-corporate-performance-evidence-from-listed-banks-in-nigeria/anichukwu-salome-a
A Dissertation Report On "Study Of Net Interest Margin {NIM} Of Selected INDIAN Public & Private Sector Banks"
Has Undertaken 10 Years Financial Data Of Selected Banks i.e. 2008-2017 for the Study.
Analysis of Internal, Market & Economic Based Financial Performance Measureme...IOSRJBM
The aim of this study is to investigate the financial performance of 10 commercial banks listed on Dhaka Stock Exchange. In this paper, financial performance has been measured by using three indicators. Internal–based performance measured by Return on Assets, Market-based performance measured by Tobin’s Q model (Price / Book value of Equity) and Economic–based performance measured by Economic Value adds. The correlation and multiple regression of annual time series data is used to find the impact of bank size, credit risk, operational efficiency and asset management on financial performance measured by the three indicators, The study rejected the null hypothesis and it is found that there exist statistically significant impact of bank size, credit risk, operational efficiency and asset management with ROA and Economic Value Added. On the other hand Tobin’s Q has insignificant impact on financial performance of commercial banks
A Comparative Analysis of Capital Structure between Banking and Non-Banking F...iosrjce
This research aims to compare the capital structure of Bangladeshi banking and non-banking
financial institutions through some measurements. The annual financial statements of 10 commercial banks and
10 non-bank financial institutions were used for this study which covers a period of five (5) years from 2009-
2013. The study assesses the capital structure of the banking and non-banking sectors measured by total debt
to equity ratio (DER), total debt to total funds ratio and performance by ROE, ROA, EPS.Descriptive statistics,
t-test have been used to show the differences between banking and non-banking capital structure and
performance. However this study concludes that there is no significant difference between Bank and non-bank’s
EPS but there is a significant difference between Bank and non-bank’s D/A ratio and D/E ratio and ROA and
ROE.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of poor communication and faulty cognition on marital stability as expressed by married adults in Owerri metropolis. Six hundred questionnaire forms were randomly distributed among the married adults in Owerri metropolis. Ten null hypotheses were developed and tested by the use of t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).The major findings showed that both poor communication and faulty cognition were responsible for marital instability. The findings equally showed that there were significant differences in respondents’ reports based on gender, age, religion, occupational status, educational background. Based on these findings, recommendations were made. Sex, marital and family counselling should be made compulsory aspect of counsellor education programme as a way of fortifying would be counsellors adequately for their assignment. Married couples should be encouraged in the art of effective communication at home and at work.
This paper is the first in a series of publications aimed at provoking thought and discourse on issues relating to “Winner-Takes-All” politics in Ghana. It discusses winner-takes-all as an electoral formula and situates it within the context of winner-takes-all politics in Ghana. It highlights the dangers of Ghana’s winner-takes-all politics such as the marginalization of perceived political opponents and the feeling of exclusion from the governance process by those who do not belong to the government/ruling party. The paper argues further that winner-takes-all politics undermines the quest for national development, cohesion and the drive towards democratic maturity. In proffering policy recommendation, the paper critically examines Proportional Representation as one possible mechanism for ensuring inclusive governance and dealing with some of the challenges associated with winner-takes-all politics.
In today’s world, to survive, people need to work for a job which they are happy and satisfied. Before choosing their own job, they need to set a career path. When looking at the history about how it has been working for people, we see some factors affecting their orientation to their careers. The world is changing; so is the generation. This paper contains a research study about the career orientation for this new generation in Turkey. This empirical study is conducted with an AHP method with Turkish university students’ career orientation, having as main objective to identify the factors which are affecting the new generation about the setting their career orientation and order them in a hierarchical way. The results showed that this new generation is somehow different from the previous ones, especially when it comes to career orientation; some factors affect their way to choose a career path.
The present study aimed to examine the effect of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on organizational performance (OP). This study was motivated by the mixed findings in literature regarding the relationships between EO and organizational performance. Owing to the mixed results, a novel stream of research was created and this motivated further examining of the impact of other variables that may shed a light on the nature of the relationship. Several theories have been proposed in literature posit the direct relationships among strategies, resources and capabilities as antecedents of success. In this study, copies of questionnaires were distributed to 300 Libyan banks branches, where 200 copies of questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The proposed hypothesis was tested through PLS-SEM and the study results showed that EO positively predicted organizational performance.
The aim of this conceptual paper is to explicate the impact of effective supply chain management in creating customers’ value. This study applied secondary source to collect all the relevant information in order to derive the conceptual framework. The findings suggest that effective supply chain management has a positive impact on the sustainability, organizational performance, competitiveness and innovativeness in way to creating ultimate value for the customers.
The Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC), the Bureau for Public Enterprises (BPP) and the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) have functions that tend to influence business life, aimed at protecting and promoting healthy relationship during business transactions. In this regards, the objectives and the extent of this activity may differ. The Pharmacists Council may be more exerting than the CAC because its activities relate largely to health. This, however, does not mean that its practices are not business related. This article emphasizes that the activities of the CAC can be strengthened if it follows the pattern of the Pharmacists’ Council (PCN, 2015).
Some people realized about the importance of physical activity in maintaining health and wellness. This perception exists because there is a lot of efforts and studies done to improve people health and wellness through physical activity. In top of that, it is known that motivation is one of the main effects of the people participation in sports or physical activity. Therefore, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, many have agreed that motivation plays important role in determining physical activity level. Hence, this study will be conducted to determine the relationship between extrinsic motivations with the physical activity level. The researcher has randomly selected 172 students from Faculty of Education UiTM as a respondent of this study. The study was conducted using questionnaire based on the Exercise Motivation Inventory (EMI) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) which then been edited to fulfil the requirement of the study. This study is to examine the relationship between extrinsic motivations with the physical activity level. The results showed that there was significant relationship between extrinsic motivations with the physical activity level. The male respondent was found to have high level of physical activity better than female respondents.
This study aims to analyze several factors that determine the performance of higher education students. Were taken into account in particular training of teachers, initial and continuous training of professors, psycho - pedagogical but especially training. We wanted to establish correlations between the interests of higher education for training teachers and their involvement in specific activities (continuing education courses, attending conferences and studies in the field of psycho-pedagogical etc.) and how they support their teaching activities and motivating the students. The issue of teacher education is a burning issue because the number of people willing to go through higher education is falling (due to multiple causes: small percentage of baccalaureate graduates, access to the labor market is not conditioned by a university degree, except for top positions, etc.). We cannot say the interests and training of teachers in their field of expertise or of psycho-pedagogy is conducive to attracting students towards higher education, but it is an important and motivating factor for students to take part in teaching or research activities and to be motivated to graduate, as well as to embrace a career in education in the future. Preparing teachers and their interest in continuing training cause changes in the style of organization and development of teaching activity generating motivation for learning among students.
More from The Journal of Social Sciences Research (8)
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
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The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
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US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
#US
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
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@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
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BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
The Role of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs)
An Analysis of the Efficiency of Philippine Financial Institutions
1. The Journal of Social Sciences Research
ISSN: 2411-9458
Vol. 1, No. 4, pp: 37-40, 2015
URL: http://arpgweb.com/?ic=journal&journal=7&info=aims
*Corresponding Author
37
Academic Research Publishing Group
37
An Analysis of the Efficiency of Philippine Financial Institutions
HuiChen Chiang* Department of Business Administration, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan
YihChing Tsaih Department of Business Administration, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan
1. Introduction
There are hundreds and thousands of empirical studies on estimating inter-banks efficiency in various countries.
Studies on the Philippines, however, particularly those that focus on both the universal and commercial banks of the
country, seem to be missing from literature.
This research takes into account the possible contributing factors that might further explain the difference in
performance. First, ownership structure size-wise is deemed to be related to a bank’s efficiency. Manlagñit (2011)
pointed out that a bank’s size can affect its cost efficiency; while Dacanay (2007) found efficiency to be inversely
related to asset size. The presence of disparate results gave us our second motivation, which is to correlate the
impact of the size of the bank with efficiency. Put under investigation is whether the idea of economies of scale is
applicable in the case of the Philippines.
In terms of ownership type, efficiency is expected to be higher for foreign-owned banks, for their corporate
governance is that of international standards; local and government-owned banks are expected to be. As such, the
researchers are determined, as third motivation, to further examine bank ownership type to have any grounds on
efficiency. We focus on probing whether or not foreign-owned banks perform better than any other banks in the
Philippines.
Battaglia et al. (2010) asserted that efficiency of banks is influenced by its environmental conditions such as
market characteristics, economic conditions as well as regulatory constraints. These arguments somewhat strongly
conform to our idea of correlating bank efficiencies with economic conditions. As the recent global economic and
financial crisis of 2008 affected much of the banks in the U.S. that it had led to its drop in numbers, the Philippines
actually had otherwise (see Table 1). The government has always been encouraging the merger and acquisition
program to strengthen up the banking industry. Although a rise in number of banks does not necessarily imply
efficiency, yet it somewhat signifies that a competitive environment for the financial industry, and a positive
environment for growth.
Table-1. Number of Universal and Commercial Banks in Operation
Bank Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Universal 3683 3807 3801 3916 4009 4121
Commercial 635 506 474 488 511 560
Source: Central Bank of the Philippines (http://www.bsp.gov.ph/)
Abstract: A non parametric analysis is performed in the banking industry in the Philippines. This study is of
interest from several points of view. First, it is of use for those who are interested in understanding how
Philippine banks performed prior and throughout the global financial crisis. The study will point to which
banking models handled the financial crisis well. Secondly, this would be of interest for those who are interested
in comparing and contrasting the performance of different types of banking models in the Asia Pacific. As more
local banks consider expanding overseas, there are various options in terms of banking models to consider,
branch to the subsidiary, commercial to universal, each with its strict regulatory guidelines. For a developing
economy, such as the Philippines, we aim to show the impact of different models based on traditionally used
inputs of measuring banking performance, and applying it to our non parametric model. The study‘s conclusions
point to the universal banking model is the most consistently efficient models of banking in the Philippines.
Keywords: Banking industry; Effectiveness; Emerging markets.
2. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 2015, 1(4): 67-40
38
2. Data and Methodology
The dataset used in this study contains observations from the first quarter of 2005 to the fourth quarter of 2010
of the 19 Universal and 19 Commercial banks in the Philippines. Banks with incomplete data were deleted, leaving
us with 18 universal and 17 commercial banks, yielding 840 bank observations (calculation: 18+17=35 banks; 6
years*4 quarters = 24). The researchers compiled the following as the input variables: (1) total fixed assets, (2) total
deposits, and (3) total capital; while (1) total loans, and (2) net equity investment as our choice for output variables
to estimate the efficiency scores of each bank. Initial statistical processing was done, followed with the application
of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Lastly, all efficiency scores were correlated with the different controlling
variables such as size, ownership structure type and environmental variables using Tobit Regression.
3. Empirical Analysis
The researchers organized the data panel of 945 bank observations and processed all statistical results
accordingly. First, Pearson’s correlation was used to determine and confirm the degree to which our DEA input and
DEA output variables are related (Table 2). Results implied a substantial degree of relation.
Table-2. Pearson Correlation of DEA Input and Output Variables
INPUT
OUTPUT
Total Fixed Assets Total Deposits Total Capital
Total Loans .791**
.969**
.920**
Net Equity Investment .738**
.838**
.858**
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Second, DEA efficiency scores (Table 3) have been shown. Maximum scores remained at par; while minimum
scores have somehow improved suggesting banks are doing relatively better year after year.
Table-3. DEA Efficiency Scores
In the Philippines, universal banks do not only pose the function of an ordinary commercial bank, but are also
authorized to do underwriting and empowered to invest in equities of non-allied undertakings; thus making them
larger and more powerful than any other banks. The researchers made a comparison on the production and cost
efficiency scores of these two bank classifications. Based on this comparison, we have noticed a significant
difference on the production efficiency level between the universal and the commercial banks in the Philippines
(Table 4). From their mean scores, the Universal banks posed to be better than Commercial banks. Further
investigation found 10 out of 18 universal scoring above 95%; while, only 1 commercial bank stood on this level and
the rest are in a much lower position. This explains the high standard deviation score of commercial banks. This
result is quite similar as the findings of Dacanay (2007), stating that the universal banks in the Philippines have
higher technical efficiency scores than the ordinary commercial banks.
Table-4. DEA Scores Comparison for Universal and Commercial Banks
BANK TYPE Mean Std. Deviation F Sig.
Commercial .6848166464 .30218016586
203.248 .000***
Universal .9027465453 .14498244192
*** indicate significance at p<0.01.
Then, we grouped banks with total assets of more than 140 billion pesos are identified as large banks; while
banks within the range of 30 billion to 140 billion and below 30 billion are considered to be medium and small
banks, respectively (Table 5). Large-size banks dominate the universal category; while commercial banks are mostly
small and medium scaled. We also noticed smaller banks to have reduced in numbers; while the number of medium
and large banks is increasing. Most likely, this results from the encouragement of the government for banks to
merge/acquire.
YEAR AVERAGE ST. DEV. MAXIMUM MINIMUM
2005 0.811439 0.214112 0.992925 0.173799
2006 0.771551 0.321349 0.992530 -0.416353
2007 0.840168 0.163520 0.990538 0.374740
2008 0.837634 0.164988 0.992786 0.407547
2009 0.822304 0.201033 0.993432 0.253432
2010 0.827956 0.181104 0.993327 0.344800
3. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 2015, 1(4): 67-40
39
Table-5. Statistical Frequencies for Bank Size and Bank Type
YEAR
LARGE MEDIUM SMALL
Universal Commercial Universal Commercial Universal Commercial
2005 7 1 8 3 3 13
2006 9 1 6 5 3 11
2007 9 1 7 7 2 9
2008 10 1 6 8 2 8
2009 12 1 4 6 2 10
2010 13 1 5 10 0 6
Comparing DEA scores of the different bank sizes (Table 6), a significant difference is seen between each kind
of size. As their mean scores reveal, large banks perform relatively better than the medium and small size ones.
However, the high standard deviation of small banks signifies a big difference between the efficiency scores of the
smaller banks.
Table-6. DEA Scores Comparison for Size
SIZE Mean Std. Deviation F Sig.
Large .962058 .0656191
360.634 .000***Medium .871804 .1073384
Small .560577 .3135397
*** indicate significance at p<0.01.
3.1. Ownership Structure and Economic Conditions
According to Table 7, the result shows that government-owned banks are found to have the highest mean score
with a very low standard deviation, followed by private owned ones; while foreign banks come in last in the list. In
other words, despite the liberalization of foreign entrant, foreign banks are limited in rising in number because of the
financial system regulation of the Philippines. So there may be a lot of registered foreign banks in the Philippines,
yet the number of their offices is not much.
Table-7. DEA Scores Comparison for Ownership Type
OWNERSHIP Mean Std. Deviation F Sig.
Private-owned .912868 .1020312
169.459 .000***Government-owned .966259 .0346538
Foreign-owned .652503 .3109235
*** indicate significance at p<0.01.
With regard to the environmental factor, the researchers divided the whole time period into three sub-periods:
2005 to 2007, 2008 to 2009, and 2010 as pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis period, respectively. We mirrored some
other researchers (Dacanay, 2007;2010; Sufian and Habibullah, 2009; Thangavelu and Findlay, 2010) who covered
comparable economic conditions and made similar period division. As far as the results are concerned (Table 8), a
significance level of 0.060 indicates that there are no significant differences in the efficiency level of the banks
during these three different economic periods. Meaning crisis or no crisis, banking efficiency is not affected at all.
Table 8. DEA Scores Comparison for Economic Conditions
ECONOMIC
CONDITIONS
Mean Std. Deviation F Sig.
Pre-Crisis 0.806330 .270504
2.822 .060Crisis 0.812049 .234539
Post-Crisis 0.827956 .181104
3.2. Tobit Regression Analysis
Tobit regression allows us to combine and evaluate all independent factors together in assessing efficiency level.
Results from Tobit Regression (Table 9) revealed that a bank’s total asset and return on equity is significantly and
positively correlated with technical efficiency; thereby implying that as the total asset increases, the technical
efficiency score also increases. This finding confirms our initial analysis that the larger the bank is, the higher the
technical efficiency score is. For the variables of ownership type, our regression results show that government and
private owned banks are positively and significantly related with efficiency. This result coincides with the findings
of Manlagñit (2011), which somehow implies that the entry of foreign banks only brought about the transformation
4. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 2015, 1(4): 67-40
40
of domestic banks, prompting them to be better than foreign banks. However, another way of explaining this matter
is that most of the foreign banks operating in the Philippines are limited in branch numbers; thereby putting a stop on
their way to a better efficiency level. We understand that branch numbers do not directly relate to efficiency, yet we
believe that with lesser number of branches to serve the Filipinos, the lesser the chances the bank has to get more
deposits and loans or any other financial services.
Lastly, results revealed that efficiency level of banks is higher during the pre-crisis and crisis period opposed to
the post-crisis stage. Nevertheless, the inverse relation of economic conditions with efficiency most likely stems
from financial system regulation. The healthier the financial system, the least it is going to be affected by its
economic conditions. Just like the lesson the Philippines has learned during the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, policies
really do matter.
Table-9. Tobit Regression Model
*** and ** indicate significance at p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively.
4. Conclusion
This paper presents a two-stage DEA approach coupled with Tobit regression analysis in examining the
efficiency level of the universal and commercial banks in the Philippines over the period of 2005 to 2010. First of
all, Universal banks are found to be more efficient than commercial banks; 10 out of 18 universal banks were found
to be considerably efficient; while only 1 out of 17 commercial banks appeared to possess a consistent high
efficiency score over the time period. Second, it has been observed that 49% of the whole banking sector has been
dominated by privately-owned banks; while 46% of it goes to foreign banks. This clearly shows the success in
liberalizing foreign entry as well as in attracting foreign investors. Yet our findings revealed that foreign banks in
the Philippines, either branches of foreign banks or foreign subsidiaries, performed quite badly relative to domestic
private and government-owned ones. This proves that although there are a lot of foreign banks registered under the
Central Bank of the Philippines, yet because of their limitations in opening bank branches, their efficiency level also
stays at a certain limit. So for them to be more efficient, the foreign entry regulation must also be further eased.
Then again, just like most of the studies on the impact of foreign entry on domestic banks, their positive impact
towards banking efficiency can be commonly seen. This coincides with the fact that entry of foreign banks has
prompted domestic banks to improve operations and efficiency.
Next, most of the large size banks are universal banks; while commercial banks, with average performance, are
medium and small size ones. Confirming our assumption, larger banks are technically more efficient than smaller
ones. Lastly, the reforms of the Central Bank of the Philippines are seen to be effective, especially in stabilizing the
financial system and guarding it against any financial crisis.
References
Battaglia, F., Farina, V., Fiordelisi, F.and Ricci, O. (2010). The Efficiency of Cooperative Banks: The Impact of
Environmental Economic Conditions. Applied Financial Economics, 20(17): 1363-76.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603107.2010.491442
Dacanay, S. J. O. I. (2007). Profit and Cost Efficiency of Philippine Commercial Banks Under Periods of
Liberalization, Crisis and Consolidation. The Business Review, Cambridge, 7(2): 315-22.
Dacanay, S. J. O. I. (2010). The Evolution of Cost and Profit Efficiency of Philippine Commercial Banks. Philippine
Review of Economics, 42(1): 109-46.
Manlagñit, M. C. V. (2011). The Economic Effects of Foreign Bank Presence: Evidence from the Philippines.
Journal of International Money and Finance, 30(6): 1180-94.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261560611000994
Sufian, F. and Habibullah, M. S. (2009). Asian Financial Crisis and the Evolution of Korean Banks Efficiency: A
DEA Approach. Global Economic Review, 38(4): 335-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12265080903391735
Thangavelu, S. M. and Findlay, C. C. (2010). 'Bank Efficiency, Regulation and Response to Crisis of Financial
Institutions in Selected Asian Countries.', Linkages Between Real and Financial Aspects of Economic
Integration in East Asia, 288-314.
VARIABLE COEFFICIENT
STD.
ERROR
Z-
STATISTIC
PROB
Private-owned 0.174254 0.010617 16.41342 0.0000***
Government-owned 0.195244 0.022206 8.792191 0.0000***
Pre-Crisis -0.001854 0.011664 -0.158976 0.8737
Post-Crisis -0.071235 0.013326 -5.345606 0.0000***
Return on Equity 0.059033 0.028241 2.090372 0.0366**
Log of Total Asset 0.029523 0.000454 65.03867 0.0000***