Industrialization play an important role in the development process but the wastewater disposal has become a global dilemma for the industries because of generation of high volume of effluents, limited space for land based treatment & disposal and high cost of treatment technologies (Kumar & Chopra).
Invitro Assessment of the Growth and Biomass Level of Chlorella in Textile an...ijtsrd
Chlorella has the capacity to sustain in both fresh water and wastewater. The present study deals with a comparison of the growth and yield of Chlorella in fresh water and textile and tannery wastewaters. The wastewaters used in the study were collected from textile and tannery dyeing units. The wastewater was diluted with tap water in different dilutions 60 , 70 and 80 . Higher dilution yields better biomass parallel to tap water. The result of present study confirms that Chlorella can sustain in almost all wastewaters but gives the maximum yield in textile wastewater. P. S. Subashini | Dr. P. Rajiv "Invitro Assessment of the Growth and Biomass Level of Chlorella in Textile and Tannery Wastewater" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20291.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/20291/invitro-assessment-of-the-growth-and-biomass-level-of-chlorella-in-textile-and-tannery-wastewater/p-s-subashini
Water Treatment and Purification using Moringa Oleifera Seed Extractijtsrd
Water is the most abundant chemical and important natural resource. Various concentrations of water at given place contributes to water quality. The suitability of water and its specific use are evaluated by examining its quality parameters. The adverse health effects have been observed in developing countries due to drinking contaminated water. The natural resources have serious threat due to development and urbanization in countries. People are made to use low quality water because of high cost of treated water which results in exposing them to waterborne diseases. The seed extract of Moringa oleifera is used for purification of drinking and wastewater due to presence of soluble cationic coagulant. It has capability to reduce the turbidity from water. In the present study, the collected water samples were examined with various physical, chemical and biological parameters. Obtained values of each parameters were compared with standard values set by World Health Organization. Areeba Ansari | Malika Ahuja "Water Treatment and Purification using Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31019.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/31019/water-treatment-and-purification-using-moringa-oleifera-seed-extract/areeba-ansari
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of salinity and priming on cotton seed germination and seedling characteristics. The study found that salinity decreased germination percentage and rate, as well as root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight, and the root to shoot ratio. Priming mitigated the negative effects of salinity and increased germination and seedling growth compared to unprimed seeds. Delinted seeds showed higher germination rates than fuzzy seeds. Priming with KNO3 was most effective at increasing germination and growth under saline conditions. Increasing salinity levels from 0 to 16 ds/m progressively decreased all measured seed germination and seedling characteristics.
IRJET- Research Paper on Treatment of Grey Water using Low Cost Technology fo...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on treating greywater using low-cost technologies for Kushvarta Kund water in Trimbakeshwar village, India. It discusses several low-cost treatment methods including stabilization tanks, root zone treatment, filtration, and biological treatments like membrane bioreactors and rotating biological contactors. A case study is proposed to implement and validate a stabilization tank system to treat greywater from the village and replenish the water levels at Kushvarta Kund, a historic stone-lined water tank visited by many pilgrims. Design plans and diagrams for the proposed stabilization tank treatment system are presented.
This document summarizes a lab study on using various aquatic plants for bioremediation of wastewater. Three combinations of plants - water hyacinth and Ceratophyllum (WC), water hyacinth and Azolla (WA), and water hyacinth alone (W) - were tested on sewage water samples over 22 days. All three combinations resulted in significant reductions of chemical oxygen demand (COD), a measure of pollution, ranging from 65% to 85%. The study aims to evaluate the efficiency and suitability of aquatic plants like water hyacinth, Ceratophyllum, and Azolla for treating sewage wastewater through bioremediation.
“A note on natural adsorbant (moringa oleifera) as antimicrobial agent in wat...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
ABSTRACT- Mosquito-borne diseases have intruded the globe since immemorial time. The present scenario for
commanding the mosquitoes is aimed at application of target and stage-specific, cost-effective and biodegradable
phytoproducts. Plant extracts are safer for non-target organisms including man. Plant based formulations would be more
feasible environmental products with proven potential as insecticide. Therefore, in the present study of larvicidal
activity of biologically active compound Apigenin extracted from leaf of Jatropha gossypifolia against the filarial
vector, Culex quinquefasciatus was studied. Standard WHO protocols with minor modifications was adopted for the
larvicidal bioassay. The active compound Apigenin extracted through ethyl alcohol solvent from the leaf of Jatropha
gossypifolia plant of family Euphorbiaceae was administered for 24h or 96h to the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.
Exposure of larvae over 24h to sub-lethal doses (40% and 80% of LC50) of apigenin, significantly (P<0.05) altered the
level of total protein, total free amino acid, glycogen and activity of enzymes acetyl cholinesterase, acid and alkaline
phosphatase activity in whole body tissue of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The alterations in all these biochemical
parameters were significantly (P<0.05) time and dose dependent.
Key-words- Jatropha gossypifolia, Euphorbiaceae, Culex quinquefasciatus, biochemical effects, Wuchereria bancrofti
Invitro Assessment of the Growth and Biomass Level of Chlorella in Textile an...ijtsrd
Chlorella has the capacity to sustain in both fresh water and wastewater. The present study deals with a comparison of the growth and yield of Chlorella in fresh water and textile and tannery wastewaters. The wastewaters used in the study were collected from textile and tannery dyeing units. The wastewater was diluted with tap water in different dilutions 60 , 70 and 80 . Higher dilution yields better biomass parallel to tap water. The result of present study confirms that Chlorella can sustain in almost all wastewaters but gives the maximum yield in textile wastewater. P. S. Subashini | Dr. P. Rajiv "Invitro Assessment of the Growth and Biomass Level of Chlorella in Textile and Tannery Wastewater" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20291.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/20291/invitro-assessment-of-the-growth-and-biomass-level-of-chlorella-in-textile-and-tannery-wastewater/p-s-subashini
Water Treatment and Purification using Moringa Oleifera Seed Extractijtsrd
Water is the most abundant chemical and important natural resource. Various concentrations of water at given place contributes to water quality. The suitability of water and its specific use are evaluated by examining its quality parameters. The adverse health effects have been observed in developing countries due to drinking contaminated water. The natural resources have serious threat due to development and urbanization in countries. People are made to use low quality water because of high cost of treated water which results in exposing them to waterborne diseases. The seed extract of Moringa oleifera is used for purification of drinking and wastewater due to presence of soluble cationic coagulant. It has capability to reduce the turbidity from water. In the present study, the collected water samples were examined with various physical, chemical and biological parameters. Obtained values of each parameters were compared with standard values set by World Health Organization. Areeba Ansari | Malika Ahuja "Water Treatment and Purification using Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31019.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/31019/water-treatment-and-purification-using-moringa-oleifera-seed-extract/areeba-ansari
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of salinity and priming on cotton seed germination and seedling characteristics. The study found that salinity decreased germination percentage and rate, as well as root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight, and the root to shoot ratio. Priming mitigated the negative effects of salinity and increased germination and seedling growth compared to unprimed seeds. Delinted seeds showed higher germination rates than fuzzy seeds. Priming with KNO3 was most effective at increasing germination and growth under saline conditions. Increasing salinity levels from 0 to 16 ds/m progressively decreased all measured seed germination and seedling characteristics.
IRJET- Research Paper on Treatment of Grey Water using Low Cost Technology fo...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on treating greywater using low-cost technologies for Kushvarta Kund water in Trimbakeshwar village, India. It discusses several low-cost treatment methods including stabilization tanks, root zone treatment, filtration, and biological treatments like membrane bioreactors and rotating biological contactors. A case study is proposed to implement and validate a stabilization tank system to treat greywater from the village and replenish the water levels at Kushvarta Kund, a historic stone-lined water tank visited by many pilgrims. Design plans and diagrams for the proposed stabilization tank treatment system are presented.
This document summarizes a lab study on using various aquatic plants for bioremediation of wastewater. Three combinations of plants - water hyacinth and Ceratophyllum (WC), water hyacinth and Azolla (WA), and water hyacinth alone (W) - were tested on sewage water samples over 22 days. All three combinations resulted in significant reductions of chemical oxygen demand (COD), a measure of pollution, ranging from 65% to 85%. The study aims to evaluate the efficiency and suitability of aquatic plants like water hyacinth, Ceratophyllum, and Azolla for treating sewage wastewater through bioremediation.
“A note on natural adsorbant (moringa oleifera) as antimicrobial agent in wat...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
ABSTRACT- Mosquito-borne diseases have intruded the globe since immemorial time. The present scenario for
commanding the mosquitoes is aimed at application of target and stage-specific, cost-effective and biodegradable
phytoproducts. Plant extracts are safer for non-target organisms including man. Plant based formulations would be more
feasible environmental products with proven potential as insecticide. Therefore, in the present study of larvicidal
activity of biologically active compound Apigenin extracted from leaf of Jatropha gossypifolia against the filarial
vector, Culex quinquefasciatus was studied. Standard WHO protocols with minor modifications was adopted for the
larvicidal bioassay. The active compound Apigenin extracted through ethyl alcohol solvent from the leaf of Jatropha
gossypifolia plant of family Euphorbiaceae was administered for 24h or 96h to the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.
Exposure of larvae over 24h to sub-lethal doses (40% and 80% of LC50) of apigenin, significantly (P<0.05) altered the
level of total protein, total free amino acid, glycogen and activity of enzymes acetyl cholinesterase, acid and alkaline
phosphatase activity in whole body tissue of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The alterations in all these biochemical
parameters were significantly (P<0.05) time and dose dependent.
Key-words- Jatropha gossypifolia, Euphorbiaceae, Culex quinquefasciatus, biochemical effects, Wuchereria bancrofti
Mosquito larvicidal activity of leaf and seed extracts of Lantana camara on A...researchanimalsciences
Background and Objectives: This paper reports the toxicity of Lantana camara to developmental stages of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Aqueous extracts of leaf and seed of the plant were also tested for their effect on the hatchability of mosquito egg and age at pupation and emergence.
Methods: Different concentrations of aqueous leaf and seed extract were prepared. The data of mortality rate were subjected to finney’s method of probit analysis. The plant was also tested for their effect on the hatchability of mosquito eggs.
Results: Percent log LC50 / 24 h values of the leaf and seed extracts of L. camara to IV instar larvae were 2.25 and 2.25 respectively. Percent hatchability of mosquito eggs was remarkably reduced when treated with higher concentration of the toxicants. Extended time of pupation and emergence was observed for the larvae reared in different concentrations of the plant extract.
Conclusion: The results suggested that leaf and seed extract of Lantana camera possessed remarkable larvicidal, ovicidal, and prolonged time of pupation and adult emergence against Aedes aegypti.
Article Citation:
Sathya K, Mohanraj RS, Dhanakkodi B .
Mosquito larvicidal activity of leaf and seed extracts of Lantana camara on Aedes aegypti.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(2): 040-047.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0013.pdf
This study investigated the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Artemisia annua L. on the morphological characteristics of Lactuca sativa L. Seedlings were treated with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations of A. annua extract. Higher extract concentrations significantly reduced the germination percentage and rate, as well as the plumule and radicle lengths, fresh weight, and dry weight of L. sativa seedlings compared to the control. The results indicate that A. annua extract has allelopathic properties that inhibit the early growth of L. sativa in a dose-dependent manner.
The document summarizes a study that isolated and characterized the fungus Aspergillus flavus TEAK 07 for its ability to decolorize the reactive textile dye Reactive Red 120. A. flavus TEAK 07 showed greater decolorization efficiency than the reference strain. The study optimized various factors affecting decolorization, finding pH 5.5 and 28°C provided optimal conditions. Glucose and ammonium nitrate served as the best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. Seed germination tests showed the decolorized dye was less toxic than the original dye.
This document summarizes a study on the microbial communities in a full-scale vermifilter (VF) system treating rural domestic sewage in China over 17 months. The VF system achieved average removal efficiencies of 67.6% for COD, 78.0% for BOD5, 92.1% for NH4+-N, and 89.8% for TSS. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the VF biofilm was dominated by Proteobacteria, especially gamma-proteobacteria, followed by Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Planctomycetes. Earthworm activity in the VF selected for microbes related to processes in earthworm guts
ABSTRACT- Ramgarh taal is an important water body of Gorakhpur, U.P, India, which received untreated effluents
from different sources of Gorakhpur city. The aim of the present study was to evaluated the toxic impact of these effluents
on water quality of water and its toxic effect on fish population present in this lake with two sets of experiments (1) Fish
caged in pollution free water i.e. control group and (2) Fish directly caught from different sites of water body. The
effluents discharged in this water body caused significant alterations in pollution parameters of water and significantly
altered the biochemical profile (total amino acid levels increased while total protein, Glycogen and nucleic acid levels
decreased from the levels of control group) and hematological parameters (PLTs, WBCs, RBCs, HGB, HCT, MCV,
MCHC etc) decreased from the levels of control group. Seasonally variations in Physico-chemical parameters
(Temperature, pH, DO, BOD and COD) of water body also measured. Which were much higher than the tolerance limit
recommended by General standard by Central Pollution Control Board of India.
Key-words- Ramgarh taal, Parameters, Biochemical parameters, Amino acid, Hematological, Physiological, Pollution,
Pesticides, Herbicides, Channa punctatus
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document discusses vermifiltration, a low-cost wastewater treatment technique using earthworms. It describes how earthworms and their gut microbes remove 90% or more of BOD, COD, TDS and TSS from wastewater through ingestion and biodegradation. The document outlines the vermifiltration process, comparing it to a control biofilter bed without worms. It also lists several advantages of vermifiltration over conventional wastewater treatment, such as low energy needs, value-added vermicompost byproduct, and no foul odors.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) was examined for its potential to uptake and remove hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), a toxic heavy metal found in tannery wastewater. In laboratory experiments, living P. stratiotes effectively removed 100% of Cr6+ from solutions containing 2-8 ppm of the metal. However, at higher concentrations growth was inhibited. Dead P. stratiotes biomass also demonstrated high biosorption capacity for Cr6+, with optimal removal occurring at pH 1-2 and with greater biomass amounts. Column tests further showed the plant material could effectively filter and remove Cr6+ from wastewater. The findings suggest P. stratiotes may provide
This study analyzed the effectiveness of 5 domestic water filters in removing physical, chemical, and biological contaminants from various water sources. Testing was conducted over 10 months at 100%, 50%, and 0% of each filter's lifespan. Results showed the filters were good at removing organic impurities but failed to significantly reduce parameters like TDS, hardness, and chloride. Microbiological reduction was 95-99% effective. However, flow rates were very slow at 5-7 minutes per liter on average, decreasing further over the filters' lifespan. While the filters showed promise in improving water quality, the authors concluded their performance needs to be improved, particularly regarding flow rate and removal of inorganic parameters.
Determination of Bacteriological and Physiochemical Properties of Som-Breiro ...RSIS International
The study seeks to examine the Bacteriological and
physiochemical properties of Sambrero River in Ahoada East
Local Government Area of Rivers State. Three (3) points were
sampled from different locations designated as location (L1)
location (L2) and location (L3) respectively, samples were
collected in 0.1m of Sterile containers and were transported to
the laboratory for immediate analysis. Ten (10) physiochemical,
three (3) heavy metal sand three microbiological parameters
were observed. Data was analyzed using standard methods
(ALPHA, 1998) 20th edition and Ms-Excel version 2013 software.
The result showed little variation in physiochemical parameters
which are in line with World Health Organization (WHO)
standard of potable water but shows much variation in
microbiological parameters which are not in line with WHO
standard, thereby making the water not wholesome and not
potable for consumption except after proper treatment of the
water. The work therefore recommends that members of Ekpena
Community should ensure basic water treatment such as boiling
and chlorination before consumption.
1. The study isolated 32 bacterial strains from chlorpyrifos contaminated soil that were able to degrade chlorpyrifos as the sole carbon source.
2. Four strains - SGB2, SWLC1, SWLC2, and SWLH2 - were able to degrade up to 92% of 100 mg/L chlorpyrifos within 18 days under shaking conditions at 30°C and neutral pH.
3. Analysis showed the biodegradation was directly correlated to bacterial growth, indicating it was a growth-linked process. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the strains as Enterobacter spp. (SGB2, SWLC1, SWLC2) and Agrobacterium (SWLH
Some Natural Herbs in India and Their Effectiveness in Water Purificationinventy
This document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of natural herbs in India for water purification. The study tested extracts from leaves and fruits of Ocimum Sanctum, Azadirachta indica, Triticum aestivum, Phyllanthus emblica, and Strychnos potatorum individually and in mixtures for their ability to remove E. coli bacteria from water. Testing showed that a 1% concentration of each herb extract was most effective at removing E. coli. Of the individual herbs, Ocimum Sanctum was the most effective at removing E. coli, with 82.15% removal observed. A mixture of Ocimum Sanctum, Azadirachta indica, and
This document summarizes a study on using Lemna minor (duckweed) to treat wastewater in bio-treatment ponds in Pakistan. The study evaluated the effectiveness of duckweed in removing heavy metals from wastewater ponds constructed at the National Agricultural Research Center. Analysis found that duckweed accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals like zinc, lead, nickel, manganese, and iron compared to the wastewater. The treated wastewater met parameters for reuse in aquaculture and agriculture, and the plants around the ponds were healthy. The study demonstrated that bio-treatment ponds could be an effective wastewater treatment approach in Pakistan.
Triclosan Persistence in Environment and Its Potential Toxic Effects on AlgaeAJASTJournal
1) The document examines the persistence of triclosan in the environment and its potential toxic effects on algae. It finds that triclosan decreases algae growth and chlorophyll a concentration in a dose-dependent manner.
2) The study exposed the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. to different concentrations of triclosan from 10-50 ppm. It observed decreased algae population, changes in color, and decreased chlorophyll a levels as the triclosan concentration increased.
3) Growth curves showed triclosan treatment reduced the exponential phase and led to an earlier decline phase compared to the control. Conductivity also increased with decreased chlorophyll a and phytop
Plant physio mini pojek water treatment fullANna CHan
This document summarizes a student project that compares the efficiency of two aquatic plants - Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) and Limnocharis Flava (water cabbage) - in treating polluted water. The experiment involved placing each plant in polluted drain water from Tg. Malim for 15 days and measuring pH levels daily to see which plant more quickly neutralizes acidity. Results showed E. crassipes raised the pH to neutral levels within two days, while L. Flava took four days, demonstrating E. crassipes is more efficient at phytoremediation of polluted water.
This document discusses a study that analyzed nematode ova in wastewater samples from two sewage treatment plants in Oman. A total of 100 wastewater samples were collected and examined using microscopy and image analysis software. Seven genera of nematode ova were identified, including Ascaris, Trichuris, and hookworm. The study aims to establish a profile of the diversity, counts, and dimensions of nematode ova in domestic wastewater in Oman in order to provide useful data for wastewater management and laboratory training.
This document provides information about assignments available for the MBA Semester 3 course MB0051–Legal Aspects of Business for Rs. 125 each. It can be accessed by emailing subjects4u@gmail.com or calling 09882243490. The document includes 6 questions related to the rights of a surety, duties of a bailor and bailee, power of attorney, regulation of banking, consumer protection complaints, and the need for company meetings. Students are to answer each question in 300-400 words for a total of 60 marks.
Matteo Lussu is a bilingual and experienced sales professional seeking a graduate business development position. He has over two years of experience in luxury retail sales at Harrods, where he exceeded sales targets and won multiple company awards. He holds a BA in Business, Finance and Administration from Heriot Watt University and is currently developing his skills through various seminars on finance, innovation, and start-up development.
Diego Alejandro GarzónUrrego outlines his daily routine, which includes waking up at 4:45 AM, taking a shower and getting dressed, eating breakfast at 5:30 AM, brushing his teeth at 5:45 AM, getting ready to leave by 6 AM, taking his motorcycle to work arriving at 6:30 AM, beginning work at 7:30 AM, taking lunch at noon, finishing work and leaving at 3 PM, returning home on his motorcycle arriving at 3:20 PM, going to study at 5:15 PM, beginning to study at 6:15 PM, finishing studying at 9:30 PM, returning home arriving at 10:20 PM, and sometimes watching TV.
This document provides information about an MBA assignment on management of multinational corporations. It includes 6 questions to answer in 300-400 words each on topics like benefits of MNCs, global sourcing, global strategy, performance appraisal in MNCs, labor relations issues, and short notes on Indian MNCs and foreign direct investment. Students can submit the solved assignment to the provided email or phone number for Rs. 125.
Mosquito larvicidal activity of leaf and seed extracts of Lantana camara on A...researchanimalsciences
Background and Objectives: This paper reports the toxicity of Lantana camara to developmental stages of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Aqueous extracts of leaf and seed of the plant were also tested for their effect on the hatchability of mosquito egg and age at pupation and emergence.
Methods: Different concentrations of aqueous leaf and seed extract were prepared. The data of mortality rate were subjected to finney’s method of probit analysis. The plant was also tested for their effect on the hatchability of mosquito eggs.
Results: Percent log LC50 / 24 h values of the leaf and seed extracts of L. camara to IV instar larvae were 2.25 and 2.25 respectively. Percent hatchability of mosquito eggs was remarkably reduced when treated with higher concentration of the toxicants. Extended time of pupation and emergence was observed for the larvae reared in different concentrations of the plant extract.
Conclusion: The results suggested that leaf and seed extract of Lantana camera possessed remarkable larvicidal, ovicidal, and prolonged time of pupation and adult emergence against Aedes aegypti.
Article Citation:
Sathya K, Mohanraj RS, Dhanakkodi B .
Mosquito larvicidal activity of leaf and seed extracts of Lantana camara on Aedes aegypti.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(2): 040-047.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0013.pdf
This study investigated the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Artemisia annua L. on the morphological characteristics of Lactuca sativa L. Seedlings were treated with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations of A. annua extract. Higher extract concentrations significantly reduced the germination percentage and rate, as well as the plumule and radicle lengths, fresh weight, and dry weight of L. sativa seedlings compared to the control. The results indicate that A. annua extract has allelopathic properties that inhibit the early growth of L. sativa in a dose-dependent manner.
The document summarizes a study that isolated and characterized the fungus Aspergillus flavus TEAK 07 for its ability to decolorize the reactive textile dye Reactive Red 120. A. flavus TEAK 07 showed greater decolorization efficiency than the reference strain. The study optimized various factors affecting decolorization, finding pH 5.5 and 28°C provided optimal conditions. Glucose and ammonium nitrate served as the best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. Seed germination tests showed the decolorized dye was less toxic than the original dye.
This document summarizes a study on the microbial communities in a full-scale vermifilter (VF) system treating rural domestic sewage in China over 17 months. The VF system achieved average removal efficiencies of 67.6% for COD, 78.0% for BOD5, 92.1% for NH4+-N, and 89.8% for TSS. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the VF biofilm was dominated by Proteobacteria, especially gamma-proteobacteria, followed by Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Planctomycetes. Earthworm activity in the VF selected for microbes related to processes in earthworm guts
ABSTRACT- Ramgarh taal is an important water body of Gorakhpur, U.P, India, which received untreated effluents
from different sources of Gorakhpur city. The aim of the present study was to evaluated the toxic impact of these effluents
on water quality of water and its toxic effect on fish population present in this lake with two sets of experiments (1) Fish
caged in pollution free water i.e. control group and (2) Fish directly caught from different sites of water body. The
effluents discharged in this water body caused significant alterations in pollution parameters of water and significantly
altered the biochemical profile (total amino acid levels increased while total protein, Glycogen and nucleic acid levels
decreased from the levels of control group) and hematological parameters (PLTs, WBCs, RBCs, HGB, HCT, MCV,
MCHC etc) decreased from the levels of control group. Seasonally variations in Physico-chemical parameters
(Temperature, pH, DO, BOD and COD) of water body also measured. Which were much higher than the tolerance limit
recommended by General standard by Central Pollution Control Board of India.
Key-words- Ramgarh taal, Parameters, Biochemical parameters, Amino acid, Hematological, Physiological, Pollution,
Pesticides, Herbicides, Channa punctatus
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document discusses vermifiltration, a low-cost wastewater treatment technique using earthworms. It describes how earthworms and their gut microbes remove 90% or more of BOD, COD, TDS and TSS from wastewater through ingestion and biodegradation. The document outlines the vermifiltration process, comparing it to a control biofilter bed without worms. It also lists several advantages of vermifiltration over conventional wastewater treatment, such as low energy needs, value-added vermicompost byproduct, and no foul odors.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) was examined for its potential to uptake and remove hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), a toxic heavy metal found in tannery wastewater. In laboratory experiments, living P. stratiotes effectively removed 100% of Cr6+ from solutions containing 2-8 ppm of the metal. However, at higher concentrations growth was inhibited. Dead P. stratiotes biomass also demonstrated high biosorption capacity for Cr6+, with optimal removal occurring at pH 1-2 and with greater biomass amounts. Column tests further showed the plant material could effectively filter and remove Cr6+ from wastewater. The findings suggest P. stratiotes may provide
This study analyzed the effectiveness of 5 domestic water filters in removing physical, chemical, and biological contaminants from various water sources. Testing was conducted over 10 months at 100%, 50%, and 0% of each filter's lifespan. Results showed the filters were good at removing organic impurities but failed to significantly reduce parameters like TDS, hardness, and chloride. Microbiological reduction was 95-99% effective. However, flow rates were very slow at 5-7 minutes per liter on average, decreasing further over the filters' lifespan. While the filters showed promise in improving water quality, the authors concluded their performance needs to be improved, particularly regarding flow rate and removal of inorganic parameters.
Determination of Bacteriological and Physiochemical Properties of Som-Breiro ...RSIS International
The study seeks to examine the Bacteriological and
physiochemical properties of Sambrero River in Ahoada East
Local Government Area of Rivers State. Three (3) points were
sampled from different locations designated as location (L1)
location (L2) and location (L3) respectively, samples were
collected in 0.1m of Sterile containers and were transported to
the laboratory for immediate analysis. Ten (10) physiochemical,
three (3) heavy metal sand three microbiological parameters
were observed. Data was analyzed using standard methods
(ALPHA, 1998) 20th edition and Ms-Excel version 2013 software.
The result showed little variation in physiochemical parameters
which are in line with World Health Organization (WHO)
standard of potable water but shows much variation in
microbiological parameters which are not in line with WHO
standard, thereby making the water not wholesome and not
potable for consumption except after proper treatment of the
water. The work therefore recommends that members of Ekpena
Community should ensure basic water treatment such as boiling
and chlorination before consumption.
1. The study isolated 32 bacterial strains from chlorpyrifos contaminated soil that were able to degrade chlorpyrifos as the sole carbon source.
2. Four strains - SGB2, SWLC1, SWLC2, and SWLH2 - were able to degrade up to 92% of 100 mg/L chlorpyrifos within 18 days under shaking conditions at 30°C and neutral pH.
3. Analysis showed the biodegradation was directly correlated to bacterial growth, indicating it was a growth-linked process. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the strains as Enterobacter spp. (SGB2, SWLC1, SWLC2) and Agrobacterium (SWLH
Some Natural Herbs in India and Their Effectiveness in Water Purificationinventy
This document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of natural herbs in India for water purification. The study tested extracts from leaves and fruits of Ocimum Sanctum, Azadirachta indica, Triticum aestivum, Phyllanthus emblica, and Strychnos potatorum individually and in mixtures for their ability to remove E. coli bacteria from water. Testing showed that a 1% concentration of each herb extract was most effective at removing E. coli. Of the individual herbs, Ocimum Sanctum was the most effective at removing E. coli, with 82.15% removal observed. A mixture of Ocimum Sanctum, Azadirachta indica, and
This document summarizes a study on using Lemna minor (duckweed) to treat wastewater in bio-treatment ponds in Pakistan. The study evaluated the effectiveness of duckweed in removing heavy metals from wastewater ponds constructed at the National Agricultural Research Center. Analysis found that duckweed accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals like zinc, lead, nickel, manganese, and iron compared to the wastewater. The treated wastewater met parameters for reuse in aquaculture and agriculture, and the plants around the ponds were healthy. The study demonstrated that bio-treatment ponds could be an effective wastewater treatment approach in Pakistan.
Triclosan Persistence in Environment and Its Potential Toxic Effects on AlgaeAJASTJournal
1) The document examines the persistence of triclosan in the environment and its potential toxic effects on algae. It finds that triclosan decreases algae growth and chlorophyll a concentration in a dose-dependent manner.
2) The study exposed the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. to different concentrations of triclosan from 10-50 ppm. It observed decreased algae population, changes in color, and decreased chlorophyll a levels as the triclosan concentration increased.
3) Growth curves showed triclosan treatment reduced the exponential phase and led to an earlier decline phase compared to the control. Conductivity also increased with decreased chlorophyll a and phytop
Plant physio mini pojek water treatment fullANna CHan
This document summarizes a student project that compares the efficiency of two aquatic plants - Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) and Limnocharis Flava (water cabbage) - in treating polluted water. The experiment involved placing each plant in polluted drain water from Tg. Malim for 15 days and measuring pH levels daily to see which plant more quickly neutralizes acidity. Results showed E. crassipes raised the pH to neutral levels within two days, while L. Flava took four days, demonstrating E. crassipes is more efficient at phytoremediation of polluted water.
This document discusses a study that analyzed nematode ova in wastewater samples from two sewage treatment plants in Oman. A total of 100 wastewater samples were collected and examined using microscopy and image analysis software. Seven genera of nematode ova were identified, including Ascaris, Trichuris, and hookworm. The study aims to establish a profile of the diversity, counts, and dimensions of nematode ova in domestic wastewater in Oman in order to provide useful data for wastewater management and laboratory training.
This document provides information about assignments available for the MBA Semester 3 course MB0051–Legal Aspects of Business for Rs. 125 each. It can be accessed by emailing subjects4u@gmail.com or calling 09882243490. The document includes 6 questions related to the rights of a surety, duties of a bailor and bailee, power of attorney, regulation of banking, consumer protection complaints, and the need for company meetings. Students are to answer each question in 300-400 words for a total of 60 marks.
Matteo Lussu is a bilingual and experienced sales professional seeking a graduate business development position. He has over two years of experience in luxury retail sales at Harrods, where he exceeded sales targets and won multiple company awards. He holds a BA in Business, Finance and Administration from Heriot Watt University and is currently developing his skills through various seminars on finance, innovation, and start-up development.
Diego Alejandro GarzónUrrego outlines his daily routine, which includes waking up at 4:45 AM, taking a shower and getting dressed, eating breakfast at 5:30 AM, brushing his teeth at 5:45 AM, getting ready to leave by 6 AM, taking his motorcycle to work arriving at 6:30 AM, beginning work at 7:30 AM, taking lunch at noon, finishing work and leaving at 3 PM, returning home on his motorcycle arriving at 3:20 PM, going to study at 5:15 PM, beginning to study at 6:15 PM, finishing studying at 9:30 PM, returning home arriving at 10:20 PM, and sometimes watching TV.
This document provides information about an MBA assignment on management of multinational corporations. It includes 6 questions to answer in 300-400 words each on topics like benefits of MNCs, global sourcing, global strategy, performance appraisal in MNCs, labor relations issues, and short notes on Indian MNCs and foreign direct investment. Students can submit the solved assignment to the provided email or phone number for Rs. 125.
This document provides an overview of the relationship between the Italian fashion industry and the black community in America. It discusses how the fashion industry works and the history of fashion in both Italy and the black community. It explains that after overcoming struggles like slavery, blacks have redefined their identity and now indulge in Italian high fashion brands. This has transformed black identity both positively by allowing self-expression, and negatively by leading some blacks to wear expensive brands without understanding their messages. The document analyzes how social media and celebrities influence this trend of blacks purchasing Italian luxury goods to portray an identity of wealth and status.
This document proposes a blind color image watermarking scheme based on fan beam transform (FBT) and QR decomposition. It embeds a color image watermark into the b* component of the host image's L*a*b* color space. After applying FBT to the b* component and dividing it into blocks, each block undergoes QR decomposition. The watermark is embedded by modifying an element in the R matrix. Experimental results show the proposed method achieves better imperceptibility than previous methods, as measured by PSNR and SSIM, while maintaining robustness against various attacks. The use of the b* component and properties of FBT and QR decomposition contribute to the scheme's imperceptibility and robustness
This document proposes bringing the Iceland Airwaves music festival to Edmonton, Alberta. It argues that Edmonton and Reykjavik, Iceland are similar in being cold, remote, uniquely beautiful cities that host festivals. Bringing Airwaves to Edmonton would be a marketing opportunity for Iceland, showcase Icelandic culture, and fill Edmonton's need for a proper winter festival. The proposal is made by a group of music and community-focused entrepreneurs who outline initial plans for a 2-day festival in March 2017 and invite the Airwaves organizers to visit Edmonton.
Video Production Dubai is a start-up company with a core team that has over 20 years of collective experience in the film production industry. They bring decades of experience in the film production field along with the drive for success that start-ups have, creating a potent combination. The company website is http://feelproductions.com/.
Tabitha Y. Steager has extensive experience leading traditional ecological knowledge studies and socioeconomic assessments with various First Nations in Canada. She has led over a dozen projects involving field interviews, data analysis, and report writing on topics such as traditional resource use, rights-based harvesting, and potential impacts of industrial development. Her work involves collaborating with communities and developing culturally appropriate methodologies.
CLARIN Centro-K-español forma parte de la infraestructura europea CLARIN, Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure. Su objetivo es ofrecer los conocimientos y experiencia de los tres grupos que inicialmente lo componen en la utilización de tecnología para la investigación en humanidades y ciencias sociales.
Netflix's total assets in 2014 were $7.06 billion, up from $5.41 billion in 2013. The majority of Netflix's assets are intangible assets like goodwill and intellectual property, which totaled $2.77 billion in 2014. Netflix also had significant cash and short-term investment assets of $1.61 billion in 2014. Netflix's total liabilities in 2014 were $5.2 billion, consisting mainly of long-term debt of $928.4 million and other current liabilities of $2.46 billion.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Irwan Budi Sanjaya, born in 1972 in Mojokerto, Indonesia. It outlines his education including an English course and computer course after high school. It then details his work experience from 1999 to 2015 including various roles with Schlumberger such as dispatcher, field technician, crew chief, and senior crew chief. It also lists the relevant training he has received and describes his experience with open hole, cased hole, production, and offshore jobs. His last role was as a senior dispatcher and senior wireline crew chief.
Raipur Hoists Tallest Flag - Social Media Summary ReportAadeep Bhatia
The document summarizes social media engagement for an event where the tallest tricolor flag in India was hoisted in Raipur. It notes that the Chief Minister's selfie with the flag received over 40,000 likes on Facebook. The hashtags #SelfieWithTallestFlag and #RaipurHoistingTallestFlag went viral, with over 150 tweets reaching an estimated 832,903 people on Twitter and 1,426,458 people on Facebook. Live videos of the flag hoisting ceremony and speech received over 32,000 views on Facebook.
The document discusses the new media technologies used at various stages of a project. A more advanced camera was used, which provided better quality footage but was more difficult to operate. A reflector was also used to bounce light and reduce shadows, which took some practice to use effectively. An iPhone was used to send photos and record audio via apps, which were then uploaded to editing software. Final Cut Pro software was used for editing and the student became more proficient in its features. Photoshop and other design software presented initial challenges in editing images but skills improved with practice and help from others. Various online tools like Popplet, Prezi, Slideshare and Mahara were used for planning, presentations and blogging. YouTube
Este documento presenta un curso sobre asma ocupacional. Se divide en cuatro capítulos que cubren el concepto, clasificación, epidemiología, patogenia, diagnóstico diferencial, clínica, historia natural y tratamiento del asma ocupacional. El primer capítulo introduce el tema y expone estos aspectos de forma concisa. Los capítulos siguientes detallan los principales tipos de asma ocupacional, incluyendo el asma ocupacional inmunológico por sustancias de alto y bajo peso molecular y el asma ocupacional no
This document contains 6 photo credits from various photographers. It ends by encouraging the reader to create their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare.
This document summarizes an event called the Autumn Union 2015 that was held at Somerset House. It provides details about various presentations and speakers on topics related to social enterprises, cultural organizations, happiness indexes, smart cities, and connecting innovators. The event included over 500 representatives from cultural and social enterprises around the world discussing platforms for advice and support.
Effect of Earthworms on Distillery Effluent Treatment through VermifiltrationIJERA Editor
Distillery is an important sub-unit of sugar production industry. Distillery wastewater generated from different
stages of sugar and ethanol production contains huge amount of pollutants that are very harmful to the
environment if released without proper treatment. The present paper describes the application of vermiculture
based wastewater technology with the primary objective of converting liquid effluent into eco-friendly safe
water. Vermifiltration of wastewater using waste eater earthworms is a newly conceived novel technology. The
BOD, COD, TSS and TDS decreased by 90%, 94%, 88% and 82% respectively through vermifiltration.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
This document summarizes a study that used a continuous stirred bed reactor (SBR) to treat textile wastewater through bacterial decolourisation. A mixture of three bacterial strains - Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Bacillus sp., and filamentous bacteria - were introduced to the SBR. The study used a mixture experimental design to optimize the formulation of bacterial strains and assess colour and COD removal. The results found that the highest predictable decolourisation and COD removal rates were 86.72% and 75.06% respectively. Regression analysis showed excellent correlation between the bacterial mixtures and responses of decolourisation and COD removal.
Effect of aqueous extract of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. on germination and ...Kamal Almhemed
This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
The document studied the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Sorghum halepense on the germination and growth of several weed species and eggplant. It found that the extracts significantly reduced the germination and inhibited the growth of the weed species tested in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the eggplant variety used was not affected by the different concentrations of S. halepense extract.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.11
ABSTRACT- For every life form, water is an essential natural element. Ever increasing growth of population, especially
in developing country like India, have affected not only surface but also ground water quality and is main cause for
environmental pollution. The most possible sources of soil, water and plant pollutions are sewage sludge, residues of
industrial factories and intensive fertilization. Increased organic matter (from the sewage) breaking down in the river
reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water body as the decomposition process uses up the available dissolved
oxygen. Microbial pathogens introduced by sewage into surface or groundwater can threaten public health, as well as
affect ecosystem health and function. Today as demand for fresh water intensifies, the use of municipal or sewage
wastewater as alternative source of water for irrigation purpose is also a common practice. The present study was
conducted to assess the physicochemical parameters of the Rispana river where sewage is dumped and also effect of this
sewage wastewater on selected plant Vigna radiata. The findings of the study indicated a direct influence of sewage
wastewater on the plantlets and decrease in overall growth of plant with increase in concentration of wastewater.
Key-words- Water pollution, Urbanization, Environmental effect, Vigna radiata
The present study investigates the growth and developmental changes of Pearlmillet [(Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.)] and Ragi [Eleusine coracana (Gaertn )] under pot culture experiments with different concentrations of aqueous leaf extracts (5, 10, 20, 30 and 50g/l) of Teak. Teak leaf extracts showed an inhibitory and stimulatory effects on germination, seedling length, biomass, pigments and biochemical constituents of pearl millet and ragi. The 5g/l concentration of extract stimulated the seed germination, seedling growth and biochemical constituents of pearl millet and ragi.. The higher concentrations (10, 20, 30and 50g/l) showed an inhibitory effects in all the parameters studied in the two economically important cereals. The degree of retardation was dependent on the concentration of the Teak leaf extracts. Root length, Shoot length, Biomass and Biochemical constituents of ragi seedlings were highly reduced at 50g/l concentrations of aqueous leaf
extracts of Teak. Between pearl millet and ragi seedlings, more allelopathic influence was observed in ragi than pearl millet seedlings.
Bioremediating Effect of Glomus Hoi and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa on the Organic...IJEAB
This study analyzed the degrading effect of Glomus hoi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the organic content and heavy metals of oil refinery effluent polluted soil using Amaranthus cruentus as the test plant. This study was carried out to determine if agricultural activities can be improved using any or both of the micoorganisms. Eight different treatment layouts were used with three replicates for each level of pollution in the treatment layout. Ninety six (96) pots, each containing three kilograms of soil from both sterilized and unsterilized soil were used for the study. Fifty (50) grams of soil inoculum from propagated Arbuscular mycorrhiza was inoculated to a set of twenty four (24) experimental pots containing both sterilized and unsterilized soil before A. cruentus seedlings were transplanted to them. Another set of twenty four (24) pots containing both sterilized and unsterilized soil were injected with thirty (30) mL of P. aeruginosa inoculum solution before transplanting A. cruentus seedlings to them. The third set of twenty four (24) pots received dual inoculation of both fifty (50) grams of soil inoculum containing G. hoi and thirty (30) mL of P. aeruginosa inoculum solution before A. cruentus were transplanted to them. The residual twenty four (24) pots served as the control. Thereafter, pot preparation was arranged in the screenhouse in a randomized block design. The A. cruentus seedlings were raised in nursery for a period of two weeks before they were transplanted to the pots, seedlings were left for 3 days to overcome transplanting shock before contaminating the soil with refinery effluent at various concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% v/w. The seedlings were allowed to grow for eight weeks before the termination of the experiment. The pre planting analysis of soil showed that heavy metals analyses (zinc and iron) of sterilized soil had a lower concentration to the unsterilized. The soil pH ranged from 6.3 to 6.8. It also revealed that organic matter and organic carbon content ranged from 0.8% to 1.3% and 0.4% to 1.7%. However, after the experiment, it was discovered in this study that treatments without any microorganism inoculation in sterilized and unsterilized soil had a higher level of % organic carbon and % organic matter content compared to the other treatments that were inoculated with one or two micro-organisms across all the levels of effluent concentration. Heavy metals of soil in all the soil samples were found to increase as the petrochemical effluent increased in concentration. The results obtained were analyzed using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) and other descriptive statistics. This study opined that the combined use of G. hoi and P. aeruginosa was more effective in improving the organic contentand the reduce heavy metals of oil refinery effluent polluted soil than when either is used singly.
In order to assessing whether algae can reduce the pollution concentration of the effluents by
absorbing the nutrients, it is found that effluents can effectively be treated by employing algal organisisms such
as Oscillatoria and Stigeoclonium species and these organisms are frequently found in the polluted waters and
they were recorded as pollution tolerant forms. In the laboratory procedures out of the several media tested
Modified CHU No. 10 medium was found to be quite suitable for both the test organisms. It was found that up to
87% and 85% of phosphate uptake was achieved by Oscillatoria and Stigeoclonium respectively with 13% and
16% increase of D.O. in the effluents by the tenth day. In case of organic matter Oscillatoria removed 73% and
Stigeoclonium 70% up to tenth day
Phytoremediation of industrial effluent and Reduction of physicochemical para...iosrjce
This document summarizes a study on using two aquatic weeds - Eichornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes - to treat industrial effluent and reduce physio-chemical parameters in pond water. The weeds were placed in troughs containing pond water or industrial effluent for 48, 72, and 96 hours. Both weeds significantly reduced parameters like EC, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, sulfates, and phosphates compared to the control, with E. crassipes generally performing better. Maximum reductions were seen after 96 hours of treatment. The weeds were concluded to be a simple, safe and cost-effective form of biological treatment for industrial and pond
Efficacy of rice-stubble allelochemicals on vegetative growth parameters of s...ijtsrd
A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate allelopathic potential of water extract of rice-stubble leachate on certain oil-yielding crops mustard, sesamum and sunflower . A wide range of rice-stubble concentration i.e. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40 were prepared and used for testing of seedling growth parameters Length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root of oil-yielding test crop seedlings. The experimental results found that the different seedling growth parameters were reduced with increased concentration of rice-stubble leachate in compared to control set. Root growth was more sensitive than shoot growth with increase of leachate concentration of rice-stubble. This experimental results show the existence of several bioactive compounds i.e. allelochemicals in rice-stubble. These bioactive compounds might serve as a source of natural herbicides. S. P. Adhikary "Efficacy of rice-stubble allelochemicals on vegetative growth parameters of some oil-yielding crops" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20251.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/20251/efficacy-of-rice-stubble-allelochemicals-on-vegetative-growth-parameters-of-some-oil-yielding-crops/s-p-adhikary
In a pot culture (2011), aerosols of oxidized nitrogen (NaNO2) @20kgha-1yr-1 (≈200 ppm), reduced nitrogen (NH4Cl) @10kg-1hayr-1 (≈100 ppm) and distilled water (control) were sprayed (1500 cm3plant-1) weekly at different days after sowing (DAS) to study their impacts on physiology of rice varieties (Bishnuprasad, Kanaklata, Joymati, Jyotiprasad and Mulagavaru). In a field trial (2012), the simulated N-aerosols @ 20 & 40 kg ha-1y-1 of each (1000 cm3m-2) along with a control were misted to population of the rice variety, Kanaklata at four different growth stages viz., germination and tillering (0-30 DAS), maximum tillering, (30-60 DAS), panicle initiation (60-90 DAS) and reproductive development (90-120 DAS). In both pot and field experiments, the N- aerosols brought about wide differences in net photosynthesis rates, nitrate reductase activity, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), membrane permeability in the crop. The aerosols with lower doses at earlier growth stages influenced NUE and economic yield of the crop varieties. Mechanisms of altering membrane permeability either by depletion of Ca2+, or acceleration of peroxidase activity of cell in presence of the aerosols have been elucidated.
Methylene blue is widely used in various industrial branches. Due to insufficient treatment, its occurrence in wastewater is frequently detected, which may result in serious environment problems to aquatic organisms. Hydroponic experiments were conducted with rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. XZX 45) exposed to methylene blue to determine the effective concentration using relative growth rate and water use efficiency as response endpoints. Results showed that acute toxicity of methylene blue to rice seedlings was evident. Although a linear decrease in relative growth rate and water use efficiency was observed in rice seedlings with increasing methylene blue concentrations, relative growth rate of rice seedlings was more sensitive to change of methylene blue than water use efficiency. Using non-linear regression, EC-48 h values for 10%, 20% and 50% inhibition of the relative growth rate were estimated to be 1.54, 3.22 and 10.13 mg MB/L for rice seedlings exposed to methylene blue, respectively, while smaller EC were obtained for 96 h exposure. In conclusion, the toxic response of young rice seedlings to methylene blue is obvious and inhibitory effects are highly dependent on response endpoints and the duration of exposure period.
Regulation of Seed Germination and the Role of Aquaporins under Abiotic StressIJEAB
This document discusses a study on the role of aquaporins in regulating seed germination and seedling growth under abiotic stress conditions. The study found that:
1. Mercury (HgCl2) inhibited seed germination and seedling growth in a concentration-dependent manner by blocking aquaporin function. This inhibitory effect could be reversed by co-treatment with dithiothreitol or β-mercaptoethanol.
2. Expression of two pea aquaporin genes, PsPIP1;2 and PsTIP1;1, was differentially regulated in seedling tissues under salt (NaCl) and heavy metal (Hg, Zn) stress, indicating their involvement in the response to
Numerical simulation of bioremediation of poly aromatic hydrocarbon pollutedIAEME Publication
This document presents a numerical simulation of bioremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) polluted soil using different mushroom species and MATLAB. Soil samples were divided into cells and treated with saprophytic, symbiotic, or parasitic mushroom substrate over 10 weeks. PAH concentration was measured every 2 weeks. A kinetic model was developed and rate constants were calculated using the integral method in MATLAB. Results showed the parasitic mushroom degraded PAHs fastest with a rate constant of 0.3751 day-1, followed by symbiotic and saprophytic mushrooms. This indicates mushroom-assisted bioremediation can effectively degrade PAH pollution in soil over time.
Decolorization of mixture of dyes: A critical reviewGJESM Publication
Water plays a vital and essential role in our ecosystem. This natural resource is becoming scarce, making
its availability a major social and economic concern. Use of a large variety of synthetic dyes in textile industries has raised an hazardous environmental alert. About 17 - 20% of freshwater pollution is caused by textile effluents. These effluents are recalcitrant to biodegradation and cause acute toxicity to the receiving water bodies, as these comprised of various types of toxic dyes, which are difficult to remove. Decolorisation of textile wastewater is therefore important before releasing it into the nearby local waterways. It therefore becomes essential to degrade the toxic chemicals of textile wastewater, so as to avoid the hazardous environmental effects. Several treatment methods have been employed to embark upon the problem of dye removal but degradation becomes further more difficult for effluents containing dye matrix. The
review study has been an attempt to present the different diversified attempts used for decolorisation of a mixture of dyes.
Biochemical and Physiological Characteristics Changes of Wheatamir rahmani
This study evaluated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus inoculation on biochemical and physiological characteristics of two wheat cultivars under salinity stress. Wheat plants were inoculated with Glomus intraradices and subjected to three salinity levels. Mycorrhizal inoculation improved plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, proline content, and relative water content under salinity stress. It increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities more in the cultivar Akbari. The results indicate that G. intraradices inoculation can alleviate the negative effects of salinity stress in wheat by enhancing osmotic adjustment and antioxidant defense systems.
Reduction in Growth and Biological Pigments Present In Partheniumpaperpublications3
Abstract: Parthenium hysterophorus is a well-known weed with numerous harmful impacts. During the present work, aqueous leaf extract of Alstonia scholaris was found allelopathic to the seeds and seedlings of the target weed in laboratory conditions. The allelopathic leaf extract was also found effective against the biological pigments like Chlorophyll a and b followed by protein. Various biochemical tests were performed by which the presence of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones was confirmed in the aqueous allelopathic leaf extract.
Filtration of Greywater by Natural ProcessRohan Gajbhiye
This document is a project report on the filtration of greywater by the natural process using the Canna Indica plant. It discusses greywater characteristics, treatment technologies, and proposes a greywater recycling scheme for agricultural irrigation reuse. It describes conducting experiments to test various water quality parameters of untreated and treated greywater such as color, odor, turbidity, pH, and comparing the results to drinking water standards. The report finds that using a biosand filtration process with Canna Indica is an effective, low-cost way to treat greywater to make it suitable for reuse in gardening and irrigation.
Evaluation of air pollution tolerant tree species for Kothagiri Municipal Town, the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu.
Senthilkumar P and Paulsamy S.
Journal of research in Biology (2011) 2: 148-152
Abstract:
Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) has been determined by pooling the at-tributes viz., total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and moisture content of leaves and leaf extract pH for certain locally available tree species in and around Kothagiri Municipal Town, the Nilgiris. Of the 24 species analyzed 6 tree species such as Alnus nepalensis, Callistemon lanceolata, Eucalyptus ficifolia, Ficus elastica, Michelia champaca and Toona ciliate recorded higher APTI values. Hence, it is suggested that these tree spe-cies can be given priority for plantation programme in and around industrial com-plexes, road sides and also new urbanized areas in Kotagiri so as to reduce the effect of air pollution and makes the environment clean.
Similar to Effect of mixed industrial effluent on the growth of abelmoschus esculentus (20)
Physics Investigatory Project on transformers. Class 12thpihuart12
Physics investigatory project on transformers with required details for 12thes. with index, theory, types of transformers (with relevant images), procedure, sources of error, aim n apparatus along with bibliography🗃️📜. Please try to add your own imagination rather than just copy paste... Hope you all guys friends n juniors' like it. peace out✌🏻✌🏻
Mapping the Growth of Supermassive Black Holes as a Function of Galaxy Stella...Sérgio Sacani
The growth of supermassive black holes is strongly linked to their galaxies. It has been shown that the population
mean black hole accretion rate (BHAR) primarily correlates with the galaxy stellar mass (Må) and redshift for the
general galaxy population. This work aims to provide the best measurements of BHAR as a function of Må and
redshift over ranges of 109.5 < Må < 1012 Me and z < 4. We compile an unprecedentedly large sample with 8000
active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and 1.3 million normal galaxies from nine high-quality survey fields following a
wedding cake design. We further develop a semiparametric Bayesian method that can reasonably estimate BHAR
and the corresponding uncertainties, even for sparsely populated regions in the parameter space. BHAR is
constrained by X-ray surveys sampling the AGN accretion power and UV-to-infrared multiwavelength surveys
sampling the galaxy population. Our results can independently predict the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) from
the galaxy stellar mass function (SMF), and the prediction is consistent with the observed XLF. We also try adding
external constraints from the observed SMF and XLF. We further measure BHAR for star-forming and quiescent
galaxies and show that star-forming BHAR is generally larger than or at least comparable to the quiescent BHAR.
Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Supermassive black holes (1663); X-ray active galactic nuclei (2035);
Galaxies (573)
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxgoluk9330
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
Discovery of Merging Twin Quasars at z=6.05Sérgio Sacani
We report the discovery of two quasars at a redshift of z = 6.05 in the process of merging. They were
serendipitously discovered from the deep multiband imaging data collected by the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC)
Subaru Strategic Program survey. The quasars, HSC J121503.42−014858.7 (C1) and HSC J121503.55−014859.3
(C2), both have luminous (>1043 erg s−1
) Lyα emission with a clear broad component (full width at half
maximum >1000 km s−1
). The rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) absolute magnitudes are M1450 = − 23.106 ± 0.017
(C1) and −22.662 ± 0.024 (C2). Our crude estimates of the black hole masses provide log 8.1 0. ( ) M M BH = 3
in both sources. The two quasars are separated by 12 kpc in projected proper distance, bridged by a structure in the
rest-UV light suggesting that they are undergoing a merger. This pair is one of the most distant merging quasars
reported to date, providing crucial insight into galaxy and black hole build-up in the hierarchical structure
formation scenario. A companion paper will present the gas and dust properties captured by Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations, which provide additional evidence for and detailed measurements of
the merger, and also demonstrate that the two sources are not gravitationally lensed images of a single quasar.
Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Double quasars (406); Quasars (1319); Reionization (1383); High-redshift
galaxies (734); Active galactic nuclei (16); Galaxy mergers (608); Supermassive black holes (1663)
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Rodents, Birds and locust_Pests of crops.pdfPirithiRaju
Mole rat or Lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicotabengalensis
•Head -round and broad muzzle
•Tail -shorter than head, body
•Prefers damp areas
•Burrows with scooped soil before entrance
•Potential rat, one pair can produce more than 800 offspringsin one year
This presentation offers a general idea of the structure of seed, seed production, management of seeds and its allied technologies. It also offers the concept of gene erosion and the practices used to control it. Nursery and gardening have been widely explored along with their importance in the related domain.
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Abstract: Reproducibility (aka determinism in some cases) constitutes a fundamental aspect in various fields of computer science, such as floating-point computations in numerical analysis and simulation, concurrency models in parallelism, reproducible builds for third parties integration and packaging, and containerization for execution environments. These concepts, while pervasive across diverse concerns, often exhibit intricate inter-dependencies, making it challenging to achieve a comprehensive understanding. In this short and vision paper we delve into the application of software engineering techniques, specifically variability management, to systematically identify and explicit points of variability that may give rise to reproducibility issues (eg language, libraries, compiler, virtual machine, OS, environment variables, etc). The primary objectives are: i) gaining insights into the variability layers and their possible interactions, ii) capturing and documenting configurations for the sake of reproducibility, and iii) exploring diverse configurations to replicate, and hence validate and ensure the robustness of results. By adopting these methodologies, we aim to address the complexities associated with reproducibility and replicability in modern software systems and environments, facilitating a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on these critical aspects.
https://hal.science/hal-04582287
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Effect of mixed industrial effluent on the growth of abelmoschus esculentus
1. Volume 4 Issue 12, December 2015
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Paper ID: NOV151537 Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 1325
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2014): 5.611
Effect of Mixed Industrial Effluent on the Growth of
Abelmoschus Esculentus
Sajid Ali1
, Masood Alam2
Firoz Ali Ansari, Tabassum Akhtar
Environmental Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Faculty of Engineering & technology, Jamia Millia
Islamia, New Delhi, India
Abstract: The present study has been carried out to see the effect of mixed industrial effluent collected from Okhla Industrial Area
phase-II, New Delhi-110025, India on seed germination and growth of the Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). The Okra seeds were placed
on the petri-dishes lined with cotton and covered with filter paper for seed germination and earthen pots were used for recording the plant
growth after treating with different concentration of effluents viz controlled (0%), 25 %, 75%, 100 %. Germination percentage of seeds
was recorded highest at 25 % concentration of effluent. The plant growth also recorded highest at 25 % concentration of the effluent. The
study reveals that the germination of seeds and growth of the plants gradually declined with the increasing concentration of the effluent.
The study suggests that the effluent may be used for agricultural purposes if proper dilution is taken up.
Keywords: Effluent; Pollutant; Seed germination; Abelmoschus esculentus; Effluent Tolerance Index (ETI).
1. Introduction
Industrialization play an important role in the
development process but the wastewater disposal has
become a global dilemma for the industries because of
generation of high volume of effluents, limited space
for land based treatment & disposal and high cost of
treatment technologies (Kumar & Chopra). Normally
wastewater is used for irrigation purposes in many
countries which are suffering from low availability of
water (Al-Ansari et. al. 2013., Arora et. al. 2008).
Pollution is a matter of great concern because of its
adverse effects on human health, animals, plants and
various exposed materials (Nawaz et. al. 2006).
Effluents affect the time of flowering and fruiting
number of fruits, weight of fruits and effect on vascular
bundles (Uaboi-Egbenni et. al. 2009). The utilization
of industrial effluents for irrigation of crop plants is a
highly beneficial solution to control the pollution
(Medhi et. al. 2008). Industrial waste contains very
poisonous salts, alkalis, acids, odour, gases, heavy
metals, insecticides etc. These polluted wastes are
thrown into the canals, streams or rivers affecting the
quality of water, making the water unfit for irrigation
purposes and for other uses (Malik et. al. 2003). Seed
germination is a fascinating process. The industrial
effluents possess various organic and inorganic
chemical compounds. The presence of these chemicals
will show detrimental effects on the development of
plant, germination process and growth of seedlings
(Wins and Murugam. 2010,
Vijaakumari and Kumudha. 1990, Vijayarengan and
Lakshyamanachary. 1993). Treated industrial effluents can
be used for irrigation purposes but when the effluent is
used without any treatment, toxic substances present in the
effluent reduces crop growth and gives severe adverse
effect on soil properties (Medhi et. al. 2008). Effluent
released with high temperature can raise the temperature
of water bodies, reducing the solubility of oxygen in the
water and increasing the pH value of the receiving body
(Ara begum et. al. 2010, Rao et. al. 1983).
2. Materials and Method
In the present study attempts have been made to investigate
pollutants of wastewater effluents of Okhla Industrial Area
Phase-II, New Delhi and their effects on seed germination
and plant growth of Abelmoschus esculentus. The present
study was conducted with five different concentrations of
effluent collected from industrial area phase-II New Delhi
situated at 28.53 latitude and 77.25 Longitude. The physico-
chemical properties of the effluent were analyzed by the
procedure of APHA (1992) in the Environmental Science
Laboratory, Department of Applied Sciences and
Humanities, Faculty of Engineering and Technology,
Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India since 28 August
2014 to 28 October 2014. The sets were made by dissolving
calculated amount of effluents in tap water i.e. Tc, T25, T50,
T75, T100 and by maintaining the ratio of effluent and tap
water as-0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0 respectively as
shows in table -01.
Table 1: Different dilution levels of industrial effluent with different ratios
S.N
Volume of effluent
(%)
Volume of tap water
(%)
Concentration (V/V) Effluent
: Water
Final concentration
(%)
Symbol
1. 0 100 0:100 0 Tc
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2. 25 75 25:75 25 T25
3. 50 50 50:50 50 T50
4. 75 25 75:25 75 T75
5. 100 0 100:0 100 T100
Industrial effluent of different concentrations was used to The effluent had dark brown color and was alkaline in investigate the
effect of effluent on seed germination and nature (pH 7.93). The electrical conductivity (EC) value yearly growth of
Abelmoschus esculentus (variety name and temperature were recorded as 1.68 µS/ cm and 33o
C. Arka Anamika) which was
bought from Indian The values of BOD, COD, TDS, Alkalinity, chloride and Agriculture research Institute (IARI), PUSA, New
Delhi. sulphate of the collected effluent were determined as 288, During experiment thirty seeds of Abelmoschus 408, 620,
48.8, 2613.73 and 68 mg/L respectively. The esculentus were collected and sterilized by 0.1 % of values of BOD, COD and
Chloride ions exceeded the ISI mercuric chloride solution which helped to remove the tolerance limit, which affect the water
quality of receiving microbes. The seed were then spread on the Petri dishes bodies and thus were found unfit for irrigation
purpose. lined with cotton and covered with filter paper. The seeds were then irrigated with equal Volumes (20 ml) of The
results of seed germination of the Abelmoschus different concentration of each set of three replicates at esculentus are presented
in table-3. certain time interval. The germinated seeds were taken out
from petri-dishes when there was no further germination. Table 3: Percentage seed germination with different
Pot culture experiment was carried out to study the effect effluent concentration of industrial effluent on the growth of
Abelmoschus esculentus. Earthen pots were filled with air dry soil.
The collected effluent was considered as 100 percent
concentration. Different dilutions of effluent viz 0, 25, 50 75
percent were prepared from 100 percent concentration of effluent
by adding tap water. Earthen pots filled with dry soil were prepared
for separate treatment with Neem and cow dung. Three
replications were maintained for The results show that 86.66 %
seed germination was each level of concentration of effluent. One set of earthen recorded with 25% effluent concentration,
which is the pot was arranged without applying any effluent (as highest percentage for the seed germination. The seed control).
Tap water was used in control. The pots were germination using control, 50, 75, and 100 % industrial irrigated with respective
concentrations of effluent and effluent were recorded as 83.33, 80.00, 76.66 and 70 kept for 60 days. After a gap of 15, 30, 45
and 60 days, percent respectively. The use of 50 percent and higher the root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight
concentration of the effluent shows that the germination were recorded. percentage gradually declines. The results indicate that
the lower concentration of the effluent had a marked
Germination Percentage: Germination percentage of germination promoting effect on the Abelmoschus seed refers to the
initial appearance of the radicle. It was esculentus while higher concentration of effluent had calculated by using the following
formula (Mahalingum inhibiting effect in seed germination. Reduction in seed et. al.2014). germination of the effluent is due
to the higher amount of pollutant present in the effluent. The results for root length of Abelmoschus esculentus with sets of soil
treatments with different effluent concentrations are shows in table-4.
Effluent Tolerance Index (ETI): The effluent tolerance index was
calculated using the formula determined by
Turner & Marshal. 1972, Bhale. et. al. 2011.
3. Results and Discussion
The physicochemical characteristics of the collected effluent are
presented in Table-2.
Table 2: Physico-Chemical characteristics of the effluents
S.N Parameters Value
1. Colour Brownish
2. Temperature (Celsius) 33
3. pH 7.93
4. EC (µS) 1.68
5. TDS (mg/l) 620
6. BOD (mg/l) 288
7. COD (mg/l) 408
Effluent Concentration Germination Percentage
Zero 83.33
25 (%) 86.66
50 (%) 80.00
75 (%) 76.66
100 (%) 70.00
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8. Alkalinity (mg/l) 48.8
9. Chloride (mg/l) 2613.73
10. Sulphate (mg/l) 68
Table 4: Root Length (mm/plant) of Abelmoschus esculentus grown under different concentrations with different soil
treatments. (n=3. Mean ± SD)
Soil Treatment
Effluents
concentration
Age of the plants (days after sowing)
15 30 45 60
Soil without
treatment
0 % 52.6 ± 7.522 77.6 ± 5.131 93.3 ± 7.505 100.0 ± 3.464
25 % 72.1 ± 10.774 98.3 ± 3.21 97.0 ± 6.557 92.3 ± 3.214
50 % 78.6 ± 5.392 82.3 ± 3.511 84.6 ± 5.131 88.0 ± 1.802
75 % 68.0 ± 3.122 71.6 ± 11.846 82.6 ± 4.725 87.1 ± 4.163
100 % 51.6 ± 8.129 63.3 ± 19.139 75.0 ± 14.177 87.0 ± 2.783
Soil with cow
dung treatment
0 % 52.5 ± 7.365 77.6 ± 4.932 93.8 ± 5.619 93.5 ± 8.231
25 % 65.0 ± 19.467 95.6 ± 4.932 97.8 ± 5.204 98.1 ± 6.291
50 % 61.3 ± 12.223 82.3 ±3.214 86.1 ± 4.509 87.8 ± 1.755
75 % 60.5 ± 8.261 81.6 ± 4.041 86.1 ± 6.350 95.6 ± 3.329
100 % 59.6 ± 1.040 70.0 ± 11.532 86.6 ± 9.865 90.3 ± 0.288
Soil with Neem
treatment
0 % 56.3 ± 8.504 82.3 ± 3.511 97.0 ± 5.291 107.3 ± 7.234
25 % 73.8 ± 13.613 147.3 ± 41.860 98.0 ± 12.165 110.1 ± 6.448
50 % 79.5 ± 1.322 89.6 ± 11.015 86.3 ± 3.785 99.6 ± 2.843
75 % 60.6 ± 17.243 72.0 ± 4.000 85.3 ± 7.751 98.0 ± 3.968
100 % 60.6 ± 1.527 65.6 ± 10.408 85.6 ± 3.818 95.3 ± 15.50
The root length in soil without treatment was recorded the
highest at 50 percent concentration for 15 days while the
root lengths were recorded as highest with 25 percent
concentration for 30, 45 and 60 days.
The highest root length in soil with cow dung treatment and
Neem treatment were recorded at 25 percent effluent
concentration for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. The results for
shoot length of Abelmoschus esculentus with different sets
of soil and effluent concentration are shown in table-
5.
Table 5: Shoot Length (mm/plant) of Abelmoschus esculentus grown under different concentrations of effluent with different
soil treatments. (n=3. Mean ± SD).
Soil Treatment Effluents
concentration
Age of the plants (days after sowing)
Soil without
treatment
15 30 45 60
0 % 45.0 ± 4.769 61.6 ± 7.637 107.0 ± 9.165 119.6 ± 23.115
25 % 67.3 ± 4.618 85.3 ± 17.616 105.3 ± 9.504 138.3 ± 8.326
50 % 64.6 ± 8.550 79.3 ± 11.676 99.3 ± 1.527 118.3 ± 14.511
75 % 63.3 ± 9.814 58.6 ± 11.930 86.0 ± 18.734 126.6 ± 13.768
100 % 52.3 ± 10.016 48.0 ± 28.213 93.0 ± 4.358 111.5 ± 12.031
Soil with cow
dung
treatment
0 % 48.0 ± 6.726 57.0 ± 4.358 114.3 ± 15.332 118.3 ± 5.346
25 % 70.6 ± 1.258 79.0 ± 16.822 111.1 ± 10.598 144.3 ± 16.041
50 % 58.8 ± 2.466 73.3 ± 2.309 97.0 ± 4.444 142.3 ± 42.253
75 % 45.0 ± 15.716 60.6 ± 7.023 101.6 ± 9.385 138.3 ± 21.097
100 % 52.0 ± 2.000 56.6 ± 4.163 94.5 ± 5.220 140.6 ± 21.031
Soil with
Neem
Treatment
0 % 50.1 ± 2.020 73.6 ± 7.767 114.0 ± 16.093 134.8 ± 49.614
25 % 74.1 ± 2.020 102.6 ± 11.846 120.0 ± 1.500 174.8 ± 14.631
50 % 69.5 ± 9.987 101.0 ± 19.284 101.0 ± 1.322 154.8 ± 21.426
75 % 63.5 ± 6.062 78.6 ± 6.429 99.8 ± 2.020 156.0 ± 13.500
100 % 57.6 ± 2.843 75.6 ± 8.962 96.0 ± 4.924 137.6 ± 33.126
4. Volume 4 Issue 12, December 2015 www.ijsr.net
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The shoot lengths of the Abelmoschus esculentus were
recorded as highest in all sets of soil at 25 percent effluent
concentration for all 15, 30, 45 and 60 days except for the
soil without treatment and the soil with cow dung treatment
which showed the reduction in shoot length. The Effluent
tolerance index (ETI) values for root and shoot are shown
in table-6.
Table 6: Effluent Tolerance Index (ETI)
Soil Treatment
Effluent
concentration
Age of the plants (days after sowing)
15 30 45 60
Soil without
treatment
25 % Root 1.37 1.26 1.03 0.92
Shoot 1.49 1.38 0.98 1.15
50 % Root 1.49 1.06 0.90 0.88
Shoot 1.43 1.28 0.92 0.98
75 % Root 1.29 0.92 0.88 0.87
Shoot 1.40 0.95 0.80 1.05
100 % Root 0.98 0.81 0.80 0.87
Shoot 1.16 0.77 0.86 0.93
Soil with cow
dung treatment
25 % Root 1.23 1.23 1.04 1.04
Shoot 1.47 1.38 0.97 1.21
50 % Root 1.16 1.06 0.91 0.93
Shoot 1.22 1.28 0.84 1.20
75 % Root 1.15 1.05 0.91 1.02
Shoot 0.93 1.06 0.88 1.16
100 % Root 1.13 0.90 0.92 0.96
Shoot 1.08 0.99 0.82 1.18
Soil with Neem
treatment
25 % Root 1.31 1.78 1.01 1.02
Shoot 1.47 1.39 1.05 1.29
50 % Root 1.41 1.08 0.88 0.92
Shoot 1.38 1.37 0.88 1.14
75 % Root 1.07 0.87 0.87 0.91
Shoot 1.26 1.06 0.87 1.15
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100 % Root 1.07 0.79 0.88 0.88
Shoot 1.14 1.02 0.84 1.02
The highest effluent tolerance index values are recorded at
25 percent of effluent concentration and the effluent
tolerance index generally decreased for root and shoot with
increase in the effluent concentration. The fresh
weight (Gram/Plant) of Abelmoschus esculentus is shown
in table-7.
Table 7: Fresh weight (Gram/Plant) of Abelmoschus esculentus grown under different concentrations of effluent with
different soil treatments. (n=3. Mean ± SD).
Soil Treatments
Effluents
concentration
Age of the plants (days after sowing)
15 30 45 60
Soil without
treatment
0 % 0.298 ± 0.092 0.289 ± 0.153 0.771 ± 0.313 1.093 ± 0.204
25 % 0.522 ± 0.089 0.802 ± 0.069 1.121 ± 0.991 1.715 ± 0.256
50 % 0.524 ± 0.158 0.627 ± 0.209 0.938 ± 0.046 1.178 ± 0.153
75 % 0.537 ± 0.117 0.627 ± 0.209 0.794 ± 0.150 1.449 ± 0.413
100 % 0.478 ± 0.248 0.549 ± 0.206 0.948 ± 0.143 1.717 ± 0.095
Soil with Cow
dung treatment
0 % 0.319 ± 0.171 0.371 ± 0.145 0.914 ± 0.018 1.313 ± 0.100
25 % 0.499 ± 0.077 0.775 ± 0.046 1.402 ± 0.511 2.216 ± 0.262
50 % 0.562 ± 0.043 0.775 ± 0.138 1.133 ± 0.248 1.778 ± 0.735
75 % 0.550 ± 0.122 0.696 ± 0.084 1.031 ± 0.162 1.829 ± 0.313
100 % 0.580 ± 0.072 0.618 ± 0.103 1.004 ± 0.170 2.075 ± 0.544
Soil with Neem
Treatment
0 % 0.364 ± 0.116 0.356 ± 0.112 0.803 ± 0.250 1.990 ± 0.278
25 % 0.627 ± 0.025 0.934 ± 0.030 1.182 ± 0.149 2.004 ± 0.224
50 % 0.605 ± 0.091 0.874 ± 0.035 1.028 ± 0.046 1.540 ± 0.279
75 % 0.564 ± 0.236 0.648 ± 0.142 0.944 ± 0.068 1.802 ± 0.157
100 % 0.445 ± 0.048 0.549 ± 0.206 0.932 ± 0.188 1.621 ± 0.252
The highest fresh weight was recorded at 75 percent
effluent concentration for 15 days duration and at 25
percent effluent concentration for 30 and 45 and 60 days in
soil set without treatment. In soil set with cow dung
treatment the highest weight was recorded at 100 percent
effluent concentration for 15 days but the fresh weight for
30, 45, 60 days was recorded highest with 25 percent of the
effluent concentration. The highest fresh weight in soil set
with cow dung treatment was recorded at 100 percent
effluent concentration for 15 days and the highest value of
fresh weight was recorded at 25 percent of effluent
concentration for 30, 45 and 60 days. The best results for
the fresh weight soil set with Neem treatment were
recorded at 25 percent for all days. The dry weight
(Gram/Plant) of Abelmoschus esculentus is shown in table-
8.
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The highest dry weight in soil set without treatment was
recorded at 25 percent of effluent concentration for all days
and in soil set with cow dung treatment the highest value
was also recorded at 25 percent of effluent concentration
except for 45 days which was found highest for 50 percent
of effluent concentration. The highest dry weight in soil set
with Neem treatment was recorded at 25 percent of effluent
concentration for 30, 45 and 60 days and the highest value
was recorded at 75 percent of effluent concentration for 15
days.
4. Conclusion
The present study shows that the mixed effluent which was
collected from Okhla industrial area phase-II has
considerable amount of pollutants which comes from
various plastic-moulding, textile, dye, printing press,
electroplating, paper, chemical industries etc. The study
shows that the effluent has an adverse effect on seed
germination and plant growth of the Abelmoschus
esculentus at the higher concentrations of effluents. But
low concentration of effluent is less toxic and found
suitable for seed germination and growth. The study
suggests that the appropriate dilution of the effluent can be
made to reduce harmful effects at the time of germination
and growth of the Abelmoschus esculentus.
Acknowledgement
Three of the authors namely Sajid Ali, Firoz Ali Ansari and
Tabassum Akhtar sincerely acknowledge the financial
support provided by University Grants Commission,
India.
References
[1] Al-Ansari, Nadhir., Aldardor, Wafa., Siergieiev,
Dmytro. and Knutsson. (2013). Effect of treated
wastewater irrigation on vegetables. Journal of
Environmental Hydrology, 21, 5.
[2] Arora, M., Kiran, B., Shweta, R., Rani, A., Kaur, B.,
and Mittal, N. (2008). Heavy metal accumulation in
vegetables irrigated with water from different sources.
Food Chemistry, 111, 811-815.
[3] APHA. (1992). Standard Methods for the Examination
of water and wastewater. 19th
ed. Washington D.C.,
U.S.A.
[4] Begum, Ara, Shameem., Alam, Jahangir.M., Rahman,
Shyafur, Syed and Rahman, Mizanur. M. (2010).
Effect of industrial effluents on the germination and
seedling growth of three leafy vegetables. Bangladesh
J. Sci. Ind. Res., 45(2), 101-104.
[5] Bhale, U.N. (2011). Tolerance of polluted water on
seedling growth of some cereal crops. Int. J Latest
Trends Bot. Sci., 1(1), 5-7.
[6] http://www.roaddistance.in/new-delhi/lajpat-nagar-
new-delhi-to-okhla-distance/by-road/
[7] Kumar, Vinod and Chopra, A.K. (2012). Effects of
paper mill effluents irrigation on agronomical
characteristics of Vigna radiate (L.) in two different
Table 8: Dry Weight (Gram/plant) of Abelmoschus esculentus grown under different concentrations of effluent with different
soil treatments. (n=3. Mean ± SD).
Soil treatments Effluents concentration
Age of the plants (days after sowing)
15 30 45 60
Soil without
treatment
0 % 0.085 ± 0.031 0.130 ± 0.071 0.187 ± 0.050 0.329 ± 0.089
25 % 0.154 ± 0.053 0.351 ± 0.056 0.336 ± 0.103 0.412 ± 0.092
50 % 0.137 ± 0.027 0.311 ± 0.027 0.305 ± 0.006 0.339 ± 0.062
75 % 0.144 ± 0.020 0.309 ± 0.123 0.233 ± 0.123 0.310 ± 0.013
100 % 0.145 ± 0.053 0.244 ± 0.100 0.305 ± 0.092 0.297 ± 0.016
Soil with cow
dung treatment
0 % 0.093 ± 0.050 0.181 ± 0.070 0.286 ± 0.047 0.255 ± 0.050
25 % 0.168 ± 0.025 0.372 ± 0.054 0.283 ± 0.039 0.538 ± 0.129
50 % 0.164 ± 0.020 0.339 ± 0.061 0.294 ± 0.021 0.401 ± 0.127
75 % 0.157 ± 0.030 0.341 ± 0.062 0.261 ± 0.142 0.383 ± 0.136
100 % 0.148 ± 0.021 0.252 ± 0.052 0.294 ± 0.086 0.462 ± 0.137
Soil with Neem
Treatment
0 % 0.138 ± 0.073 0.141 ± 0.061 0.202 ± 0.010 0.380 ± 0.115
25 % 0.139 ± 0.016 0.551 ± 0.079 0.344 ± 0.057 0.440 ± 0.124
50 % 0.168 ± 0.012 0.401 ± 0.009 0.259 ± 0.055 0.292 ± 0.027
75 % 0.192 ± 0.081 0.273 ± 0.053 0.228 ± 0.055 0.361 ± 0.058
100 % 0.125 ± 0.020 0.269 ± 0.147 0.311 ± 0.100 0.398 ± 0.014
7. Volume 4 Issue 12, December 2015
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Paper ID: NOV151537 Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 1331
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ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2014): 5.611
seasons. Communications in Soil Science and Plant
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