Effect of Job Stress, Benefits and Salary on Employee Job Satisfaction Based on Mediating and Moderating Role of Work Environment and Leadership: Evidence from Telecom Sector
The study aimed to explore the mediating role of work environment with employee job satisfaction, job stress and benefits and salary, to investigate the moderating effects of leadership between work environment and employee job satisfaction. The quantitative and inductive approach was used to collect data for 515 employees. The data was collected through a field survey with a closed-ended questionnaire methodology. The Smart-Partial Least Square (PLS-3.0) was used to analyze structural equation modeling (SEM) for studied variables. Furthermore, findings proved that there is a positive relationship between benefits and salary with employee job satisfaction. The work environment mediates the relationship between Benefits & salary and employee job satisfaction. Here, leadership moderates between work environment and employees' job satisfaction. The job stress has a relationship between employee job satisfaction, whereas, the work environment has a positive effect on job stress. This study assists the executive bodies of the telecommunication sector, how to reduce job stress and raise the level of job satisfaction among employees.
AN ANALYSIS OF WORKPLACE ENTERTAINMENT AMONG COLLEGE TEACHERS ON WORK ENGAGEMENTIAEME Publication
The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of workplace entertainment on work engagement among college teachers. An empirical study conducted among the 200 college teachers in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu. Purposive sampling method under non probability sampling technique was adopted for selecting samples for this study. Questionnaire survey was conducted for data collection. The major findings were workplace entertainment have both positive and negative effect on the work engagement of college teachers. Socialising with co-workers and Personal freedom at work have positive effect on factors like cognitive, emotional and social work engagement while celebration at work has positive effect on emotional work engagement and negative effect on cognitive and social work engagement of teachers. Authorities of colleges are major beneficiary of findings of this study. They will get a clear picture about the current pulse of workers regarding the effects of workplace entertainment on work engagement experienced by the college teachers.
The article discusses the importance of employee engagement for organizational
and business performance through the prism of ergonomics. The issues that are
discussed in this paper comprise the modest contribution that ergonomics as a
discipline has made. The relevance of workplace health and ergonomics work relate
with that of participation, safety culture and further implications for participatory
ergonomics approaches. Based on recently published conceptual framework that
recognises the dynamic and multi-dimensional nature of safety culture, the paper
highlights the due significance demanded by ergonomics and that which is equally
ignored by top management. The paper concludes by considering the much needed
empirical survey on this issue in almost all industries and prompt action being taken
to implement it. Also, the paper gives a glimpse of various approaches for an
empirical study, within an organisation which is noted as important to the success of
ergonomics projects
INFLUENCE OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE ON JOB SATISFACTION: A FOCUS ON EMPLOYEES I...IAEME Publication
Arising from the fact that it has become pertinent to establish a research agenda that can guide managerial efforts ethical conducts that will be perceived as workplace or organizational justice, especially with respect to distributive justice, hence, this research is focused on investigating the influence of distributive justice on employees’ job satisfaction. The descriptive survey research design was used for this study. The sample size for this study included three hundred and twenty-five (325) staff of the Nigerian Ports Authority. Using the multiple regression analysis, the study revealed that that distributive justice has significant influence on employees’ satisfaction. Consequently, the study suggested that deliberate effort should be made to install and run a system whereby distribution of outcomes, particularly financial rewards should be performance based and reviewed at regular intervals in light of prevailing socio-economic circumstances.
In poor setting workplace environment in Bangladesh, most of the employees are bound to work due to the scarcity of job. Despite remarkable progresses in industrial sectors over the last few decades employees are facing two types of disadvantages; one they are working with dissatisfied workplace environment and lower wages on the other. It is the reality of the most of the employees in industrial sectors especially in the physical labour oriented industries. This study based on the information collected from 417 employees of three physical labour based aluminum industries in Rajshahi city of Bangladesh. Results of this study highlight that there are a strong variation in the satisfaction level of the employees about the workplace environment by their socio-demographic characteristics. It is believed that the findings of the study will facilitate policy-makers and respected authorities to take timely and viable steps and develop workable strategies to address the issue of sound workplace environment in the industrial sector. Without ensuring employees satisfaction through better workplace environment, it is difficult to reach sustainable development of the country.
An environment is a place of needs that cannot be separated from human life. Sub-District
Organizations as government agencies that provide services to the community are required to improve
performance that leads to environmental preservation in the workplace. So that the behavior of employees who
care about the environment (green), their involvement in creating a green environment (green work
engagement), and performance as an impact of green behavior is very interesting to study more deeply in
quantitative research
The greater challenges of work and personal aspects of life have intensified the
work life balance scenario. Employee engagement and retention has emerged as an
important as well as critical tool in today’s business. So in order to maintain a
equilibrium between personal and professional life, organizations should formulate
policies that manage better; any work related stress, tensions or conflict arising at the
workplace. The study is based on Literature Review and Secondary data collected from
selected papers analyzed and a conceptual framework has been established depicting
the reason behind work-life imbalance. This study investigates the factors responsible
for work life balance and what are the challenges involved in the manufacturing sector.
It was suggested that the employers must consider work life balance programs on the
basis of policies they formulate, benefits they provide and services they render.
Additionally policies and strategies must be constituted such that it can modify an
employee’s perception about his employer and they tend to stay in the organization for a
longer period of time. It provides a scope for future direction to various researchers,
policy makers and also academicians in this field
AN ANALYSIS OF WORKPLACE ENTERTAINMENT AMONG COLLEGE TEACHERS ON WORK ENGAGEMENTIAEME Publication
The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of workplace entertainment on work engagement among college teachers. An empirical study conducted among the 200 college teachers in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu. Purposive sampling method under non probability sampling technique was adopted for selecting samples for this study. Questionnaire survey was conducted for data collection. The major findings were workplace entertainment have both positive and negative effect on the work engagement of college teachers. Socialising with co-workers and Personal freedom at work have positive effect on factors like cognitive, emotional and social work engagement while celebration at work has positive effect on emotional work engagement and negative effect on cognitive and social work engagement of teachers. Authorities of colleges are major beneficiary of findings of this study. They will get a clear picture about the current pulse of workers regarding the effects of workplace entertainment on work engagement experienced by the college teachers.
The article discusses the importance of employee engagement for organizational
and business performance through the prism of ergonomics. The issues that are
discussed in this paper comprise the modest contribution that ergonomics as a
discipline has made. The relevance of workplace health and ergonomics work relate
with that of participation, safety culture and further implications for participatory
ergonomics approaches. Based on recently published conceptual framework that
recognises the dynamic and multi-dimensional nature of safety culture, the paper
highlights the due significance demanded by ergonomics and that which is equally
ignored by top management. The paper concludes by considering the much needed
empirical survey on this issue in almost all industries and prompt action being taken
to implement it. Also, the paper gives a glimpse of various approaches for an
empirical study, within an organisation which is noted as important to the success of
ergonomics projects
INFLUENCE OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE ON JOB SATISFACTION: A FOCUS ON EMPLOYEES I...IAEME Publication
Arising from the fact that it has become pertinent to establish a research agenda that can guide managerial efforts ethical conducts that will be perceived as workplace or organizational justice, especially with respect to distributive justice, hence, this research is focused on investigating the influence of distributive justice on employees’ job satisfaction. The descriptive survey research design was used for this study. The sample size for this study included three hundred and twenty-five (325) staff of the Nigerian Ports Authority. Using the multiple regression analysis, the study revealed that that distributive justice has significant influence on employees’ satisfaction. Consequently, the study suggested that deliberate effort should be made to install and run a system whereby distribution of outcomes, particularly financial rewards should be performance based and reviewed at regular intervals in light of prevailing socio-economic circumstances.
In poor setting workplace environment in Bangladesh, most of the employees are bound to work due to the scarcity of job. Despite remarkable progresses in industrial sectors over the last few decades employees are facing two types of disadvantages; one they are working with dissatisfied workplace environment and lower wages on the other. It is the reality of the most of the employees in industrial sectors especially in the physical labour oriented industries. This study based on the information collected from 417 employees of three physical labour based aluminum industries in Rajshahi city of Bangladesh. Results of this study highlight that there are a strong variation in the satisfaction level of the employees about the workplace environment by their socio-demographic characteristics. It is believed that the findings of the study will facilitate policy-makers and respected authorities to take timely and viable steps and develop workable strategies to address the issue of sound workplace environment in the industrial sector. Without ensuring employees satisfaction through better workplace environment, it is difficult to reach sustainable development of the country.
An environment is a place of needs that cannot be separated from human life. Sub-District
Organizations as government agencies that provide services to the community are required to improve
performance that leads to environmental preservation in the workplace. So that the behavior of employees who
care about the environment (green), their involvement in creating a green environment (green work
engagement), and performance as an impact of green behavior is very interesting to study more deeply in
quantitative research
The greater challenges of work and personal aspects of life have intensified the
work life balance scenario. Employee engagement and retention has emerged as an
important as well as critical tool in today’s business. So in order to maintain a
equilibrium between personal and professional life, organizations should formulate
policies that manage better; any work related stress, tensions or conflict arising at the
workplace. The study is based on Literature Review and Secondary data collected from
selected papers analyzed and a conceptual framework has been established depicting
the reason behind work-life imbalance. This study investigates the factors responsible
for work life balance and what are the challenges involved in the manufacturing sector.
It was suggested that the employers must consider work life balance programs on the
basis of policies they formulate, benefits they provide and services they render.
Additionally policies and strategies must be constituted such that it can modify an
employee’s perception about his employer and they tend to stay in the organization for a
longer period of time. It provides a scope for future direction to various researchers,
policy makers and also academicians in this field
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Strong work ethics have the capacity to influence workforce commitment thereby ensuring
organizational competitiveness and high organizational performance. Unfortunately, many core work values
and guidelines are in most cases ignored and they go unmonitored in many organizations. As a result, this
affects the morale, performance and level of commitment of individual employees in organizations
An Empirical Study on relationship among Quality of work life and its factorsIOSR Journals
QWL is a very important concept of favorable situation in a working environment. QWL helps the management and employees by facilitating training opportunities, job satisfaction and working condition. A satisfied employee is one who has a career growth along with the organization growth. Sample of 826 respondents were collected from IT industry. The factor analysis was applied to find out the underlying variance among the variables. the results of exploratory factor analysis confirmed that the measurement scales used in this study satisfactorily met the standards of validity and reliability analyses. This study used empirical research methods to explore the correlation between QWL factors. That provided a new way of thinking and measures how to improve the QWL of IT professionals and the organization Performance. Conclusion of this study is elaborated.
A Study of the Relationship between Work Engagement and Job Satisfaction in P...IJAEMSJORNAL
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between work engagement and job satisfaction. The research aimed to examine each of ( equal opportunities, personal influence, nature of career, development opportunity, employee recognition, work challenge, supervisor behaviour, ethics and integrity, and job empowerment) and its relationship with job satisfaction in private companies in Erbil. The researcher used quantitative research method in order to measure the relationship between work engagement and job satisfaction, however only 108 respondents were participated in the current study. The researcher used multiple regression analysis to measure the relationship among variables. The researcher found that workplace challenge had the highest value among other work engagement elements = .671 and P-value = .000 which indicates that many private companies’ employees are engaged to their job because of time management, Overwhelming workloads and communication. This research highlighted the significance of workplace challenge that inspires the individuals to be more engaged to their organization. Employee engagement is a positive attitude towards the workplace and is the degree that an individual is bind to the organization. Only small number of employees had participated in this research from private companies in Kurdistan, which limits the outcome of the study.
Job Satisfactions of Quantity Surveyors in Building Construction Firms in Dar...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Human resource is the key component for any
organization’s success. It is crucial for organization to manage
their human resources effectively and to their satisfaction, so
that they stay longer without leaving the organization. Job
satisfaction is identified as one of the factor that causes
turnover intention of human resources in any organization.
The study evaluates the job satisfaction of quantity surveyors
in building construction firms of Dar-Es-salaam, Tanzania;
with objectives being; to identify factors influencing job
satisfaction; to determine level of job satisfaction; and to
recommend interventions that can be applied to improve job
satisfaction of quantity surveyors in building construction
firms. The study considered a descriptive design where
quantity surveyors employed by Class I to IV building
construction firms were used, as a unit of analysis. In
collecting data, a total of 55 questionnaires were distributed,
whereby 42 were returned. Quantitative data were analyzed
using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), while
qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study
revealed the major factors influencing job satisfaction of
quantity surveyors, in order of importance, which includes;
the working condition; organization commitment; pay; selfsatisfaction of work done; job recognition; appreciation;
relationship with co-workers; training and development
opportunities; job security; job feedback; and job involvement
in decision making and responsibilities. Furthermore, findings
indicated that; the overall level of job satisfaction of quantity
surveyors in building construction firms, is an average level of
satisfaction with the mean score value of 3.02 and mode of
4.00. Moreover, it revealed that; quantity surveyors in
building construction firm, have low level satisfaction in terms
of job involvement in decision making and responsibilities;
feedback and communication; job security; level of
supervision; training and development opportunities; and the
company’s promotion policies. Various interventions
recommended to improve job satisfaction of quantity
surveyors in building construction firms includes; adequate
recognition of the work by the quantity surveyors in the
construction firms should be fully appreciated, and
encroachment by other professionals should be highly
discouraged. Advancement opportunity in career progression
and professional development should be encouraged to
improve quality service delivery. The work to be done by
quantity surveyors should have clear goals, while objectives
and interference by other professionals should be checked.
Effect of Work Motivation and Incentives on Employee Performance at COCO Gas ...ijtsrd
This study uses qualitative research methods that contain numbers. The population in this study was all employees at COCO gas station HM.Yamin Medan. Sampling with sampling techniques saturated with samples of 26 employees. Data collection techniques using the dissemination of questionnaires with a likert scale that has 5 alternative answers. And analyzed using multiple linear regressions and coefficients of R2 determination with SPSS software for windows version 16.The results showed the following 1 Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees at COCO gas stations HM.Yamin Medan, 2 Incentives do not have a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees at COCO gas stations HM.Yamin Medan, 3 There is a positive and significant influence between work motivation and incentives on employee performance at COCO gas stations HM.Medan yamin with correlation coefficient R of 0.724 and determination coefficient R2 of 0.524. This means that 52.4 of employees performance is at COCO gas stations HM.Yamin Medan was influenced by work motivation and incentives, while the other 47.6 was determined by other variables not described in this study. Fahri Setidi | Abdul Fadly Syahana | Edward Alezandro Lbn. Raja | Karina Silaen "Effect of Work Motivation and Incentives on Employee Performance at COCO Gas Station Hm. Yamin Medan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47630.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/47630/effect-of-work-motivation-and-incentives-on-employee-performance-at-coco-gas-station-hm-yamin-medan/fahri-setidi
Effects of Employee Commitment on Academic Performance of Secondary Schools i...paperpublications3
Abstract: Employee commitment always plays a very key role in improving the academic performance. Distinguished performing companies perceive that employee commitment is a premier contributing factor toward maintaining continual success and composing value. A committed employee is participative and energized about their work and performs in an aspect that will progress the organization’s interest. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of employee commitment on academic performance of secondary schools in Elgeyo- Marakwet County. The objectives of the study were: to determine the effect of emotional commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance, to establish the effect of normative commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance, to examine the effect of continual commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance. The study adopted a census case design that entailed having all the headteachers of all the secondary schools in Elgeyo-Marakwet County as the respondents. The three constructs of employee commitment i.e. the normative, emotional and continuous commitment were treated as the independent variable while academic performance was the dependent variable. Data was analyzed using SPSS and both descriptive and inferential statistics was used. Regression was used to construct models that were used to determine the nature of the relationships between the variables of interest. All the hypothesized relationships developed were found to be statistically significant at level p < 0.05 i.e. emotional commitment (r = 0.401, p < 0.000), continual commitment (r = 0.410, p < 0.000), normative commitment (r = 0.273, p < 0.000) were correlated to academic performance significantly and positively. all the organizational commitment constructs of emotional commitment, continual commitment, and normative commitment have significant positive relationship with academic performance (emotional commitment: β=.258, p-value= 0.000; continual commitment: β= .137, p-value= 0.020; normative commitment: β= .056, p-value= 0.044). The results of this study will form the framework for policy making on the issue of organizational commitment and academic performance.
A STUDY ON JOB COMPLETION OF WORKING WOMEN UNDER THE SERVICE SECTORS TIRUCHIR...IAEME Publication
There are many factors that contribute to job satisfaction and empowerment, according to this study. For the purposes of this paper, we will examine how much decision-making and decision-making power women have in the workplace. It is crucial for women to have a voice in all aspects of income generation, distribution, investment, and expenditure in order to achieve economic empowerment. Working women's empowerment programmes aim to help them exercise their rights as equal partners in society to participate in decision-making at all levels and in all spheres, both inside and outside the home. Women’s earning potential is being improved, and efforts are being made to guarantee that they have access to and control over all family/community assets.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE INVOLVEMENT OF EMPLOYEES IN STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES (SO...IAEME Publication
This study aimed to obtain empirical evidence of factors that affect involvement of
employees at PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Branch Aceh. There have been many
previous studies examine on this topic, but along with the passing of time and changes
in the environment that is so powerful it is necessary to reconfirm the factors that
affect JI especially in the organization of PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Branch Aceh.
Primary data was taken by circulating questionnaires to the company employees 98
people with census method. Data were analyzed using SEM with AMOS program
assistance. Results of the analysis showed that the independent variables OI, PF, and
Tr contribute significantly to the dependent variable JI, while the independent
variables POS and Mtv not contribute at all to the JI. Furthermore, also found that all
the independent variables have a close correlation linearly either contribute or not.
COVID IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN AN IT INDUSTRY AND THE REMEDIATION PLANIAEME Publication
The need for the study of COVID Impact among the Employee of IT Industry had been considered as very critical at this moment. Any IT industry believes in the principle of 4Ps namely PROCESS, PEOPLE, PARTNERS and PRODUCTS. The Process deals with the flow of business in way of operating to meet the client needs. The PRODUCTS deals with the outcome of the PROCESS to satisfy the need of the Customer. The PARTNERS are the souls of winning the business who are the customers / clients who would purchase our products and in turn pays for our income. The PEOPLE are the highly critical component who are the hearts of the EMPLOYEE who work out the requirements at all levels and converts the expectation into realized benefits to organization and to us. Hence this study deals with how the COVID had impacted the employees of IT Industry and the recommended a remediation plan to act upon the critical situations wisely well in advance.
The primary purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual framework for „student satisfaction‟ in
order to understand and conceptualise the key aspects of the term.
This study aims to describe the reward, work discipline and employee performance, to analyze the
impact of reward on employee performance, to analyze the impact of reward on work discipline, to analyze the
effect of work discipline on employee performance, and to analyze influence of reward on employee
performance through work discipline of the CV Glory Dewi Kencana. The sample in this study was 50
employees.
Job satisfaction of employees of public and private organizations in BangladeshPremier Publishers
This study examined the level of job satisfaction among the employees ofprivate and public organizations in Bangladesh. Data have been collected randomly from 40employees of Gaibandha District in Bangladesh through a structured questionnairein January to February, 2010. Among the respondents 50% is government employee while 50% is non-government employee. Brayfield and Rothe (1951) method was used to determine the job satisfaction of the employees. Likert scale was used for measuring the attitude of the employees on their job. This research revealed that there was no significant difference between the job satisfaction of government and non-government employees. The study suggests that an effective policy on recruitment, job security, service rules, promotional opportunities, regular payments, retirements’ benefits should be made by the government to improve the job satisfaction and attitude of employees in both government and non-government employees.
QUALITY OF WORK-LIFE ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION AND JOB SATISFACTION: THE MODERATI...IAEME Publication
Purpose: A work-life balance leads employees’ texture towards job satisfaction for they can well-work whereas in the institutions; consequently they do not require to be hampered by outside problems. In the recent competitive world, among the companies, it is aggregate along with the global economic growth. This study intended to discover the impact of quality of work-life on employee retention and job satisfaction with the moderation of job performance. Methods: This study has 383 as a sample by using a simple random sample technique. A structured measurement scale was used. The researcher framed the conceptual framework with the support of literature. Basic analysis was tested and multiple linear regression was used to validate the constructed hypotheses. Findings: The result found that there is an impact of quality of work-life on employee retention and job satisfaction among the faculty members in higher education institutions. Job performance plays a moderation role in the relationship among the variables. Quality of the work-life and employee retention leads to better satisfaction among the employees.
MOTIVATION EFFECT ANALYSIS ANDJOB DISCIPLINE ON JOB SATISFACTION AND EMPLOYEE...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This research was conducted based on field phenomena that indicated inadequate employee
performance, allegedly caused by the weak role of work motivation, work discipline and job satisfaction. This
study aims to analyze the effect of work motivation, work discipline and job satisfaction on employee
performance. Causal associative research method with respondents all employees at PT. Pradipa Asri Karya
Denpasar as many as 58 employees. The data analysis technique used SEM-PLS 3.3 with the result that there
was an influence of work motivation, work discipline and job satisfaction on employee performance. The total
effect as a whole is 92.9% while the remaining 7.1% is explained by other variables outside of the research.
KEYWORDS: motivation, work discipline, job satisfaction, job performance
A Study on Employee Job Satisfaction at Eid Parry Nellikuppam Cuddaloreijtsrd
Job satisfaction or employee satisfaction is a measure of workers contentedness with their job, whether or not they like the job or individual aspects or facets of jobs, such as nature of work or supervision. Job satisfaction can be measured in cognitive evaluative , affective or emotional , and behavioral components. Job Satisfaction is the favorableness or un favorableness with which the employee views his work. It expresses the amount of agreement between one's expectation of the job and the rewards that the job provides. The objective of the study is to know about the employee job satisfaction factors, the relationship between gender and employee job satisfaction. Descriptive research method is used in the study. This study consists of both primary and secondary data. The tool used in this study is correlation. The population size is 50 and the sample size is 30. From the study it was found that there is no significant relationship between gender and employee job satisfaction. S. Jasmeen | K. Haritha | M. Selva Ganapathy "A Study on Employee Job Satisfaction at Eid Parry Nellikuppam Cuddalore" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29189.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/29189/a-study-on-employee-job-satisfaction-at-eid-parry-nellikuppam-cuddalore/s-jasmeen
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Strong work ethics have the capacity to influence workforce commitment thereby ensuring
organizational competitiveness and high organizational performance. Unfortunately, many core work values
and guidelines are in most cases ignored and they go unmonitored in many organizations. As a result, this
affects the morale, performance and level of commitment of individual employees in organizations
An Empirical Study on relationship among Quality of work life and its factorsIOSR Journals
QWL is a very important concept of favorable situation in a working environment. QWL helps the management and employees by facilitating training opportunities, job satisfaction and working condition. A satisfied employee is one who has a career growth along with the organization growth. Sample of 826 respondents were collected from IT industry. The factor analysis was applied to find out the underlying variance among the variables. the results of exploratory factor analysis confirmed that the measurement scales used in this study satisfactorily met the standards of validity and reliability analyses. This study used empirical research methods to explore the correlation between QWL factors. That provided a new way of thinking and measures how to improve the QWL of IT professionals and the organization Performance. Conclusion of this study is elaborated.
A Study of the Relationship between Work Engagement and Job Satisfaction in P...IJAEMSJORNAL
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between work engagement and job satisfaction. The research aimed to examine each of ( equal opportunities, personal influence, nature of career, development opportunity, employee recognition, work challenge, supervisor behaviour, ethics and integrity, and job empowerment) and its relationship with job satisfaction in private companies in Erbil. The researcher used quantitative research method in order to measure the relationship between work engagement and job satisfaction, however only 108 respondents were participated in the current study. The researcher used multiple regression analysis to measure the relationship among variables. The researcher found that workplace challenge had the highest value among other work engagement elements = .671 and P-value = .000 which indicates that many private companies’ employees are engaged to their job because of time management, Overwhelming workloads and communication. This research highlighted the significance of workplace challenge that inspires the individuals to be more engaged to their organization. Employee engagement is a positive attitude towards the workplace and is the degree that an individual is bind to the organization. Only small number of employees had participated in this research from private companies in Kurdistan, which limits the outcome of the study.
Job Satisfactions of Quantity Surveyors in Building Construction Firms in Dar...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Human resource is the key component for any
organization’s success. It is crucial for organization to manage
their human resources effectively and to their satisfaction, so
that they stay longer without leaving the organization. Job
satisfaction is identified as one of the factor that causes
turnover intention of human resources in any organization.
The study evaluates the job satisfaction of quantity surveyors
in building construction firms of Dar-Es-salaam, Tanzania;
with objectives being; to identify factors influencing job
satisfaction; to determine level of job satisfaction; and to
recommend interventions that can be applied to improve job
satisfaction of quantity surveyors in building construction
firms. The study considered a descriptive design where
quantity surveyors employed by Class I to IV building
construction firms were used, as a unit of analysis. In
collecting data, a total of 55 questionnaires were distributed,
whereby 42 were returned. Quantitative data were analyzed
using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), while
qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study
revealed the major factors influencing job satisfaction of
quantity surveyors, in order of importance, which includes;
the working condition; organization commitment; pay; selfsatisfaction of work done; job recognition; appreciation;
relationship with co-workers; training and development
opportunities; job security; job feedback; and job involvement
in decision making and responsibilities. Furthermore, findings
indicated that; the overall level of job satisfaction of quantity
surveyors in building construction firms, is an average level of
satisfaction with the mean score value of 3.02 and mode of
4.00. Moreover, it revealed that; quantity surveyors in
building construction firm, have low level satisfaction in terms
of job involvement in decision making and responsibilities;
feedback and communication; job security; level of
supervision; training and development opportunities; and the
company’s promotion policies. Various interventions
recommended to improve job satisfaction of quantity
surveyors in building construction firms includes; adequate
recognition of the work by the quantity surveyors in the
construction firms should be fully appreciated, and
encroachment by other professionals should be highly
discouraged. Advancement opportunity in career progression
and professional development should be encouraged to
improve quality service delivery. The work to be done by
quantity surveyors should have clear goals, while objectives
and interference by other professionals should be checked.
Effect of Work Motivation and Incentives on Employee Performance at COCO Gas ...ijtsrd
This study uses qualitative research methods that contain numbers. The population in this study was all employees at COCO gas station HM.Yamin Medan. Sampling with sampling techniques saturated with samples of 26 employees. Data collection techniques using the dissemination of questionnaires with a likert scale that has 5 alternative answers. And analyzed using multiple linear regressions and coefficients of R2 determination with SPSS software for windows version 16.The results showed the following 1 Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees at COCO gas stations HM.Yamin Medan, 2 Incentives do not have a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees at COCO gas stations HM.Yamin Medan, 3 There is a positive and significant influence between work motivation and incentives on employee performance at COCO gas stations HM.Medan yamin with correlation coefficient R of 0.724 and determination coefficient R2 of 0.524. This means that 52.4 of employees performance is at COCO gas stations HM.Yamin Medan was influenced by work motivation and incentives, while the other 47.6 was determined by other variables not described in this study. Fahri Setidi | Abdul Fadly Syahana | Edward Alezandro Lbn. Raja | Karina Silaen "Effect of Work Motivation and Incentives on Employee Performance at COCO Gas Station Hm. Yamin Medan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47630.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/47630/effect-of-work-motivation-and-incentives-on-employee-performance-at-coco-gas-station-hm-yamin-medan/fahri-setidi
Effects of Employee Commitment on Academic Performance of Secondary Schools i...paperpublications3
Abstract: Employee commitment always plays a very key role in improving the academic performance. Distinguished performing companies perceive that employee commitment is a premier contributing factor toward maintaining continual success and composing value. A committed employee is participative and energized about their work and performs in an aspect that will progress the organization’s interest. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of employee commitment on academic performance of secondary schools in Elgeyo- Marakwet County. The objectives of the study were: to determine the effect of emotional commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance, to establish the effect of normative commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance, to examine the effect of continual commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance. The study adopted a census case design that entailed having all the headteachers of all the secondary schools in Elgeyo-Marakwet County as the respondents. The three constructs of employee commitment i.e. the normative, emotional and continuous commitment were treated as the independent variable while academic performance was the dependent variable. Data was analyzed using SPSS and both descriptive and inferential statistics was used. Regression was used to construct models that were used to determine the nature of the relationships between the variables of interest. All the hypothesized relationships developed were found to be statistically significant at level p < 0.05 i.e. emotional commitment (r = 0.401, p < 0.000), continual commitment (r = 0.410, p < 0.000), normative commitment (r = 0.273, p < 0.000) were correlated to academic performance significantly and positively. all the organizational commitment constructs of emotional commitment, continual commitment, and normative commitment have significant positive relationship with academic performance (emotional commitment: β=.258, p-value= 0.000; continual commitment: β= .137, p-value= 0.020; normative commitment: β= .056, p-value= 0.044). The results of this study will form the framework for policy making on the issue of organizational commitment and academic performance.
A STUDY ON JOB COMPLETION OF WORKING WOMEN UNDER THE SERVICE SECTORS TIRUCHIR...IAEME Publication
There are many factors that contribute to job satisfaction and empowerment, according to this study. For the purposes of this paper, we will examine how much decision-making and decision-making power women have in the workplace. It is crucial for women to have a voice in all aspects of income generation, distribution, investment, and expenditure in order to achieve economic empowerment. Working women's empowerment programmes aim to help them exercise their rights as equal partners in society to participate in decision-making at all levels and in all spheres, both inside and outside the home. Women’s earning potential is being improved, and efforts are being made to guarantee that they have access to and control over all family/community assets.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE INVOLVEMENT OF EMPLOYEES IN STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES (SO...IAEME Publication
This study aimed to obtain empirical evidence of factors that affect involvement of
employees at PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Branch Aceh. There have been many
previous studies examine on this topic, but along with the passing of time and changes
in the environment that is so powerful it is necessary to reconfirm the factors that
affect JI especially in the organization of PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Branch Aceh.
Primary data was taken by circulating questionnaires to the company employees 98
people with census method. Data were analyzed using SEM with AMOS program
assistance. Results of the analysis showed that the independent variables OI, PF, and
Tr contribute significantly to the dependent variable JI, while the independent
variables POS and Mtv not contribute at all to the JI. Furthermore, also found that all
the independent variables have a close correlation linearly either contribute or not.
COVID IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN AN IT INDUSTRY AND THE REMEDIATION PLANIAEME Publication
The need for the study of COVID Impact among the Employee of IT Industry had been considered as very critical at this moment. Any IT industry believes in the principle of 4Ps namely PROCESS, PEOPLE, PARTNERS and PRODUCTS. The Process deals with the flow of business in way of operating to meet the client needs. The PRODUCTS deals with the outcome of the PROCESS to satisfy the need of the Customer. The PARTNERS are the souls of winning the business who are the customers / clients who would purchase our products and in turn pays for our income. The PEOPLE are the highly critical component who are the hearts of the EMPLOYEE who work out the requirements at all levels and converts the expectation into realized benefits to organization and to us. Hence this study deals with how the COVID had impacted the employees of IT Industry and the recommended a remediation plan to act upon the critical situations wisely well in advance.
The primary purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual framework for „student satisfaction‟ in
order to understand and conceptualise the key aspects of the term.
This study aims to describe the reward, work discipline and employee performance, to analyze the
impact of reward on employee performance, to analyze the impact of reward on work discipline, to analyze the
effect of work discipline on employee performance, and to analyze influence of reward on employee
performance through work discipline of the CV Glory Dewi Kencana. The sample in this study was 50
employees.
Job satisfaction of employees of public and private organizations in BangladeshPremier Publishers
This study examined the level of job satisfaction among the employees ofprivate and public organizations in Bangladesh. Data have been collected randomly from 40employees of Gaibandha District in Bangladesh through a structured questionnairein January to February, 2010. Among the respondents 50% is government employee while 50% is non-government employee. Brayfield and Rothe (1951) method was used to determine the job satisfaction of the employees. Likert scale was used for measuring the attitude of the employees on their job. This research revealed that there was no significant difference between the job satisfaction of government and non-government employees. The study suggests that an effective policy on recruitment, job security, service rules, promotional opportunities, regular payments, retirements’ benefits should be made by the government to improve the job satisfaction and attitude of employees in both government and non-government employees.
Job satisfaction of employees of public and private organizations in Bangladesh
Similar to Effect of Job Stress, Benefits and Salary on Employee Job Satisfaction Based on Mediating and Moderating Role of Work Environment and Leadership: Evidence from Telecom Sector
QUALITY OF WORK-LIFE ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION AND JOB SATISFACTION: THE MODERATI...IAEME Publication
Purpose: A work-life balance leads employees’ texture towards job satisfaction for they can well-work whereas in the institutions; consequently they do not require to be hampered by outside problems. In the recent competitive world, among the companies, it is aggregate along with the global economic growth. This study intended to discover the impact of quality of work-life on employee retention and job satisfaction with the moderation of job performance. Methods: This study has 383 as a sample by using a simple random sample technique. A structured measurement scale was used. The researcher framed the conceptual framework with the support of literature. Basic analysis was tested and multiple linear regression was used to validate the constructed hypotheses. Findings: The result found that there is an impact of quality of work-life on employee retention and job satisfaction among the faculty members in higher education institutions. Job performance plays a moderation role in the relationship among the variables. Quality of the work-life and employee retention leads to better satisfaction among the employees.
MOTIVATION EFFECT ANALYSIS ANDJOB DISCIPLINE ON JOB SATISFACTION AND EMPLOYEE...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This research was conducted based on field phenomena that indicated inadequate employee
performance, allegedly caused by the weak role of work motivation, work discipline and job satisfaction. This
study aims to analyze the effect of work motivation, work discipline and job satisfaction on employee
performance. Causal associative research method with respondents all employees at PT. Pradipa Asri Karya
Denpasar as many as 58 employees. The data analysis technique used SEM-PLS 3.3 with the result that there
was an influence of work motivation, work discipline and job satisfaction on employee performance. The total
effect as a whole is 92.9% while the remaining 7.1% is explained by other variables outside of the research.
KEYWORDS: motivation, work discipline, job satisfaction, job performance
A Study on Employee Job Satisfaction at Eid Parry Nellikuppam Cuddaloreijtsrd
Job satisfaction or employee satisfaction is a measure of workers contentedness with their job, whether or not they like the job or individual aspects or facets of jobs, such as nature of work or supervision. Job satisfaction can be measured in cognitive evaluative , affective or emotional , and behavioral components. Job Satisfaction is the favorableness or un favorableness with which the employee views his work. It expresses the amount of agreement between one's expectation of the job and the rewards that the job provides. The objective of the study is to know about the employee job satisfaction factors, the relationship between gender and employee job satisfaction. Descriptive research method is used in the study. This study consists of both primary and secondary data. The tool used in this study is correlation. The population size is 50 and the sample size is 30. From the study it was found that there is no significant relationship between gender and employee job satisfaction. S. Jasmeen | K. Haritha | M. Selva Ganapathy "A Study on Employee Job Satisfaction at Eid Parry Nellikuppam Cuddalore" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29189.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/29189/a-study-on-employee-job-satisfaction-at-eid-parry-nellikuppam-cuddalore/s-jasmeen
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND LEADERSHIP ON JOB SATISFACTION AN...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine and examine the effect of Organizational Justice and Leadership
on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. The
research data was obtained from a questionnaire that had been distributed to contract employees at the General
Bureau of Udayana University, totaling 139 people. Data was measured using a Likert scale and analyzed using
Partial Least Square (PLS). The findings of this study are organizational justice and leadership have a positive
and significant effect on job satisfaction and employee performance. Job satisfaction can mediate the effect of
organizational justice and leadership on employee performance. This finding can be interpreted thatJob
satisfaction can be determined by organizational justice as well as a good leadership role in an organization.
This study provides suggestions and input to the General Bureau of Udayana University regarding efforts to
improve employee performance.
KEYWORDS: Organizational Justice, Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Employee Performance
An Empirical Study of Workplace Environment with Special Reference to Employe...ijtsrd
The workplace environment impacts on agent responsibility both quite and oppositely. The work place environment in a larger piece of affiliations is hazardous and bothersome, especially in gathering associations. The crucial objective of this survey is to know the impact of work place environment on employee engagement. This paper relies upon the discretionary data. The wellspring of information has been taken from the past articles, journals and course books. Useful human resource the block and keep with incredible working environment or culture impacts the agent responsibility just as effects on execution of laborer, the turn of events and improvement of entire affiliation. Prof. Jyoti Borde "An Empirical Study of Workplace Environment with Special Reference to Employee Engagement, Work Productivity and Performance in Manufacturing Industries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47530.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/47530/an-empirical-study-of-workplace-environment-with-special-reference-to-employee-engagement-work-productivity-and-performance-in-manufacturing-industries/prof-jyoti-borde
Doctors' Work Life Quality and Effect on Job Satisfaction: An Exploratory Stu...AI Publications
Every day, the health-care system becomes more complicated. It is mostly due to changes in lifestyle, greater demand for patient care, and the effect of technology on the health-care delivery process. Sophisticated devices necessitate specialized knowledge, which necessitates a better and more current medical education system, which, in turn, necessitates a better organizational structure. All of this has an impact on the entire medical profession, as novel difficulties must be met with increasing skill and potential development, as well as increased dedication to the profession, as performance management becomes a major aspect in avoiding professional hazards in various forms. As a result, the entire health policy needs to be updated in order to provide health care professionals, particularly doctors, with enough quality work life and improved job satisfaction in order to improve their performance at work. We try to answer these questions in our research.
Factors of Job Satisfaction in UniversitiesIJAEMSJORNAL
Purpose: To highlight the factors that make up the concept of job satisfaction in organizations and, especially, in universities in order to reduce turnover and increase productivity. Design / methodology / approach: Bibliometric research in 34 selected articles, Scimago Journal Rank Q4 or higher. Findings: The findings suggest that job satisfaction focused on universities, although it has been little studied in the academic literature, show that the factors are like other types of organizations. Limitations of research: These results indicate the need for more studies to build a theory to raise job satisfaction in organizations and, especially, in universities. Practical implications: This document allows to identify the multiple criteria that influence job satisfaction to create the necessary conditions to retain the best qualified and talented personnel. Type of academic publication: Literature review. Originality / value: This article makes three specific contributions to literature. First, identify the factors that influence job satisfaction within any type of organization; second, it focuses on job satisfaction within universities, and third, it shows some constructs that help raise the level of job satisfaction.
The impact of Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Justice on Perceiv...IJAEMSJORNAL
The study aimed to investigate the influence of psychological empowerment and organizational justice on perceived organizational performance at public sectors in Kurdistan region of Iraq. The research provided empirical evidence regarding the role of psychological empowerment and organizational justice on perceived organizational performance. The current study applied quantitative research, a questionnaire was used to collected data from the participants (employees, supervisors, and managers) from public sector in Kurdistan region of Iraq. The sample size for the current study was 114 units. The study developed two research hypotheses to measure the current study. The findings revealed that the first research hypothesis was supported which stated that psychological empowerment has a positive and significant influence on perceived organizational performance at public sector in Kurdistan region of Iraq, furthermore the second research hypothesis was supported which stated that organizational justice has a positive and significant influence on perceived organizational performance at public sector in Kurdistan region of Iraq. However, it was found that the highest value was for the psychological empowerment effect on perceived organizational performance.
MEASURING THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AN...IAEME Publication
The current study is titled “Measuring the influence of Motivational techniques on employee performance and level of satisfaction with reference to IT Sector in Chennai”. Selected staff from employees from selected information sector in Chennai, at various positions was used in order to examine and analyze the factors which contribute to employee performance levels. The independent variables in this case are motivation, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The dependent variable is employee performance. Questionnaires were distributed among respondents who are employed in the information sector. The resulting data was processed through frequency analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis by using SPSS version 21. The findings reveal that there exists a positive significant relationship between all the independent variables and the dependent variable, which is employee performance. The Research hypothesis is supported.
AN ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF WORK RELATED FACTORS ON THE LEVEL OF OCCUPATIONA...IAEME Publication
Since globalization, the role of banking sector has expanded leading to increased to competition. With employees of the banking institutions playing a vital role in the service provision, the stiff competition has led to the increased work pressure and the resultant stress. With work environment playing a deterministic role in productivity, the changing work environment due to increased work pressure is expected to result in lower productivity. Hence, it becomes pertinent to understand the employees’ opinion on quality of work life and the level of stress due to increased work pressure. The present piece of research attempted towards this end. The study conducted among the selected employees of public and private sector banks of Coimbatore district indicated that there is high level of stress which requires an immediate action of coping up the stress.
MODERATING EFFECT OF JOB SATISFACTION ON TURNOVER INTENTION AND STRESS BURNOU...IAEME Publication
Purpose: This study determined the relationship between turnover intention and stress burnout with the moderating effect of job satisfaction. Burnout the stress is the most important factor that leads to turnover intention. Especially in the Information technology sector, the employee faced these challenges nowadays. Methods: The study moves with the quantitative method with a simple random sampling technique. The sample of the study is 392 in Bangalore City. To collect the data, a structured measurement scale was used. Hypotheses were framed based on the conceptual framework of the study. The constructed hypotheses were tested by using statistical tools such as regression analysis to validate the purpose. Findings: The findings of the study explores that there is a positive relationship between turnover intention and stress burnout among the employees in the information technology sector. Conclusion: The turnover intention was initiated to fluctuate depending on working circumstances. There is insufficient research on burnout and turnover intention with moderating effect on job satisfaction
A Study Of The Effect Of Organization, Employees Opinion, Experience And Comm...IOSR Journals
Employees form the basis and foundation for the growth of the organization just like a seed giving
rise to a huge tree bearing fruits and vegetables. The employees promote the growth of an organization to
produce useful products beneficial to mankind and the country. Employee satisfaction is defined as “a function
of perceived performance and expectations”. The reasons such as high stress, lack of communication within the
company, recognition, good working conditions or limited growth opportunities force the employees to resign.
My study is focussed on determining the effect of some of the above stated reasons on the employees in order to
achieve maximum career success. To assess the degree of Employee Satisfaction, Questionnaires were
administered to the employees in the real estate company taking a random of seventy employees for the study
and the research methodology to be used for analysis of the study was descriptive and inferential statistics. The
validity of the questionnaire was tested, using the Cronbach Reliability Calculator software. Further, the
influences of demographics such as gender, age, educational qualification, designation and years of experience on their opinions were examined by Chi-Square Test and the effect of the Constructs on Employee Satisfaction were determined by Regression Analysis.
The digitization of the health care sector has had a huge positive impact on medical practice in
Indonesia. Various challenges and problems, especially in terms of big data, data security, regulations, and
even human resources must be able to adapt to the needs of digital transformation systems.
The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of: 1) Professional competence on employee engagement.
2) Professional competence on employee performance. 3) Employee engagement on employee performance. 4)
Professional competence on employee performance mediated by employee engagement.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
Work Environment and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Rivers StateAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This study examined the relationship work environmentand organizational performance of
Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey in its investigation of the
variables. Primary data was generated through structured, self- administered questionnaire. The population of
the study is 72 managers (4 managers from each) of the 18 Deposit Money Banks operating in Rivers State. The
reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items
scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient. The
tests were carried out at a 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship
between work environmentand organizational performance of Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State. Therefore,
the study concludes that creating a conducive work environment positively enhance performance of deposit
money banks in Rivers State. Thus, the study recommends that deposit money banks should prioritize creating a
positive work environment that promotes employee well-being, engagement, and productivity. This can be
achieved through effective leadership, open communication, reduced workload, fair compensation, and fostering
a positive workplace culture.
KEYWORD: work environment, organizational performance, cost minimization, waste minimization, time
minimisation
The Role of Compensation in Improving Work Motivation and Employee Performanc...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The purposes of tis study is to investigate the role of compensation in improving work
motivation and employee performance at RSUD Madiun. Qualitative research methods were used to gain an indepth understanding of the impact of compensation on employee work motivation and performance. Data was
collected through in-depth interviews with employees of RSUD Madiun, and content analysis was used to
analyze the data. The results showed that compensation has a significant role in improving work motivation and
employee performance. Compensation that is fair and in line with employee contributions can encourage
intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, which in turn improves employee performance. An in-depth discussion was
conducted to illustrate the relationship between compensation, work motivation, and employee performance.
The conclusion of this study is the importance of good compensation management in creating a work
environment that motivates and supports improved employee performance.
KEYWORDS ::Compensation, Motivation, Performance, Employee
The Impact of Compensation, Motivation And Commitment To The Performance Of H...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This study aims to examine the effect of compensation, motivation, and commitment to the
performance of paramedics in Lamongan Regency. The population of thisstudywas all hospitalemployees in
Lamongan Regency, namely Sugongan Hospital Lamongan, Nasrul Ummah Lamongan Hospital,
Muhammadiyah Lamongan Hospital and Babat Muhammadiyah Hospital. The population in the studywas all
paramedics in hospitals in Lamongan Regency which amounted to 329 people. Based on the Slovin formula
with a standard 5% errorobtained as many as 181 people. The resultsshowedthat compensation had a
significanteffect on the performance of hospitalparamedics. Motivation has a significanteffect on the
performance of hospitalparamedics. Paramediccommitment has a significanteffect on the performance of
hospital paramedics in Lamongan Regency
Keywords -compensation; motivation; Commitment; paramedic performance.
Similar to Effect of Job Stress, Benefits and Salary on Employee Job Satisfaction Based on Mediating and Moderating Role of Work Environment and Leadership: Evidence from Telecom Sector (20)
Total Ionization Cross Sections due to Electron Impact of Ammonia from Thresh...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In the present paper, we have employed modified Khare-BEB method [Atoms, (2019)] to evaluate total ionization cross sections by the electron impact for ammonia in energy range from the ionization threshold to 10 MeV. The theoretical ionization cross sections have been compared to the available previous theoretical and experimental results. The collision parameters dipole matrix squared M_j^2 and CRP also have been calculated. The present calculations were found in remarkable agreement with the available experimental results.
A Case Study on Small Town Big Player – Enjay IT Solutions Ltd., BhiladDr. Amarjeet Singh
Adequately trained Manpower is a problem that affects the IT industry as a whole, but it is particularly acute for Enjay IT Solution. Enjay's location in a semi-urban or rural area makes it even more difficult to find a talented employee with the right skills. As the competition for skilled workers grows, it becomes more difficult to attract and keep those workers who have the requisite training and experience.
Effect of Biopesticide from the Stems of Gossypium Arboreum on Pink Bollworm ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Pink bollworm and Lepidoptera development quickly in numbers which is a typical animal group that produces around 100 youthful ones inside certain days or weeks. This assault influences the harvests broadly in the tropical and sub-tropical temperature areas. Thus, to keep up with the yield of harvests the vermin ought to be kept away by utilizing pesticides. The unnecessary measure of the purpose of pesticides influences the dirt, land, and as well as human well-being, and contaminates the climate. Thus, an ozone-accommodating biopesticide is extracted from the stems of the Gossypium arboreum. Thus, the extraction of biopesticide from the stems of Gossypium arboreum demonstrated that the quantity of pink bollworm and Lepidoptera is diminished step by step in the wake of showering the arrangement on the impacted region of the plant because of the presence of the gossypol.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques in E-Commerce: The Possibility of Exploiti...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
E-Commerce has transformed business as we know over the past few decades. The rapid increasing use of the Internet and the strong purchasing power in Saudi Arabia have had a strong impact on the evolution of E-Commerce in the country. Saudi Arabia is yet another country that will release artificial intelligence power to fuel its growth in the economic world. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) applications that can facilitate e-commerce processes have been widely used. The impact of using artificial intelligence (AI) concepts and techniques on the efficiency of e-commerce, particularly has been overlooked by many prior studies. In this paper, a literature review was conducted to explore and investigate possible applications of AI in E-Commerce that can help Saudi Arabian businesses.
Factors Influencing Ownership Pattern and its Impact on Corporate Performance...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This study on factors influencing Ownership pattern and its impact on corporate performance has used five industries data viz Automobile industry, IT industry, Banking industry, Oil & Gas industry and pharmaceutical industry for five years from 2017 to 2021. First the factors influencing ownership pattern was identified and later its impact on corporate performance was analysed. Multiple Regression, ANOVA and Correlation was used in SPSS 28. Percentage of independent directors on the board and size of the company has significant impact on Indian Promotor holding and non-institutional ownership has significant impact on corporate performance.
An Analytical Study on Ratios Influencing Profitability of Selected Indian Au...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Every country with a well-developed transportation network has a well-developed economy. The automobile industry is a critical engine of the nation's economic development. The automobile industry has significant backward and forward links with every area of the economy, as well as a strong and progressive multiplier impact. The automotive industry and the auto component industry are both included in the vehicle industry. It includes passenger waggons, light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles, as well as multi-utility vehicles such as jeeps, three-wheelers, military vehicles, motorcycles, tractors, and auto-components such as engine parts, batteries, drive transmission parts, electrical, suspension and chassis parts, and body and other parts. In the last several years, India's automobile sector has seen incredible growth in sales, production, innovation, and exports. India's car industry has emerged as one of the best in the world, and the auto-ancillary sector is poised to assist the vehicle sector's expansion. Vehicle manufacturers and auto-parts manufacturers account for a significant component of global motorised manufacturing. Vehicle manufacturers from across the world are keeping a close eye on the Indian auto sector in order to assess future demand and establish India as a global manufacturing base. The current research focuses on three automotive behemoths: TATA Motors, MRF, and Mahindra & Mahindra.
A Study on Factors Influencing the Financial Performance Analysis Selected Pr...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The growth of a country's banking sector has a significant impact on its economic development. The banking sector plays a critical role in determining a country's economic future. A well-planned, structured, efficient, and viable banking system is an essential component of an economy's economic and social infrastructure. In modern society, a strong banking system is required because it meets the financial needs of the modern society. In a country's economy, the banking system plays a crucial role. Because it connects surplus and deficit economic agents, the bank is the most important financial intermediary in the economy. The banking system is regarded as the economy's lifeline. It meets the financial needs of commerce, industry, and agriculture. As a result, the country's development and the banking system are intertwined. They are critical in the mobilisation of savings and the distribution of credit to various sectors of the economy. India's private sector banks play a critical role in the country's economic development. So The financial performance of private sector banks must be evaluated carefully.
An Empirical Analysis of Financial Performance of Selected Oil Exploration an...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
After the United States, China, and Japan, India was the world's fourth biggest consumer of oil and petroleum products. The nation is significantly reliant on crude oil imports, the majority of which come from the Middle East. The Indian oil and gas business is one of the country's six main sectors, with important forward links to the rest of the economy. More than two-thirds of the country's overall primary energy demands are met by the oil and gas industry. The industry has played a key role in placing India on the global map. India is now the world's sixth biggest crude oil user and ninth largest crude oil importer. In addition, the country's portion of the worldwide refining market is growing. India's refining industry is now the world's sixth biggest. With plans for Reliance Petroleum Limited to commission another refinery with a capacity of 29 MTPA next 16 to its 33 MTPA refinery in Jamnagar, Gujarat, this position is projected to be enhanced. As a consequence, the Reliance refinery would be the biggest single-site refinery in the world. Based on secondary data gathered from CMIE, the current research examines the ratios influencing the profitability of selected oil exploration and production businesses in India during a 10-year period.
Since 1991, thanks to economic policy liberalization, the Indian economy has entered an era in which Indian businesses can no longer disregard global markets. Prior to the 1990s, the prices of a variety of commodities, metals, and other assets were carefully regulated. Others, which were not rolled, were primarily dependant on regulated input costs. As a result, there was no uncertainty and, as a result, no price fluctuations. However, in 1991, when the process of deregulation began, the prices of most items were deregulated. It has also resulted in the exchange being partially deregulated, easing trade restrictions, lowering interest rates, and making significant advancements in foreign institutional investors' access to the capital markets, as well as establishing market-based government securities pricing, among other things. Furthermore, portfolio and securities price volatility and instability were influenced by market-determined exchange rates and interest rates. As a result, hedging strategies employing a variety of derivatives were exposed to a variety of risks. The Indian capital market will be examined in this study, with a focus on derivatives.
Theoretical Estimation of CO2 Compression and Transport Costs for an hypothet...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
SEI S.p.a. presented a project to build a 1320 MW coal-fired power plant in Saline Joniche, on the Southern tip of Calabria Region, Italy, in 2008. A gross early evaluation about the possibility to add CCS (CO2 Capture & Storage) was performed too. The project generated widespread opposition among environmental associations, citizens and local institutions in that period, against the coal use to produce energy, as a consequence of its GHG clima-alterating impact. Moreover the CCS (also named Carbon Capture & Storage or more recently CCUS: Carbon Capture-Usage-Storage) technology was at that time still an unknown and “mysterious” solution for the GHG avoiding to the atmosphere. The present study concerns the sizing of the compression and transportation system of the CCS section, included in the project presented at the time by SEI Spa; the sizing of the compression station and the pipeline connecting the plant to the possible Fosca01 offshore injection site previously studied as a possible storage solution, as part of a coarse screening of CO2 storage sites in the Calabria Region. This study takes into account the costs of construction, operation and maintenance (O&M) of both the compression plant and the sound pipeline, considering the gross static storage capacity of the Fosca01 reservoir as a whole as previously evaluated.
Analytical Mechanics of Magnetic Particles Suspended in Magnetorheological FluidDr. Amarjeet Singh
In this paper, the behavior of MR particles has been systematically investigated within the scope of analytical mechanics. . A magnetorheological fluid belongs to a class of smart materials. In magnetorheological fluids, the motion of magnetic particles is controlled by the action of internal and external forces. This paper presents analytical mechanics for the interaction of system of particles in MR fluid. In this paper, basic principles of Analytical Mechanics are utilized for the construction of equations.
Techno-Economic Aspects of Solid Food Wastes into Bio-ManureDr. Amarjeet Singh
Solid waste is health hazard and cause damage to the environment due to improper handling. Solid waste comprises of Industrial Waste (IW), Hazardous Waste (HW), Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Electronic waste (E-waste), Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) which depend on their supply & characteristics. Food waste or Bio-waste composting and its role in sustainable development is explained in food waste is a growing area of concern with many costs to our community in terms of waste collection, disposal and greenhouse gases. When rotting food ends up in landfill it turns into methane, a greenhouse gas that is particularly damaging to the environment. Composting is biochemical process in which organic materials are biologically degraded, resulting in the production of organic by products and energy in the form of heat. Heat is trapped within the composting mass, leading to the phenomenon of self-heating. This overall process provide us Bio-Manure.
Crypto-Currencies: Can Investors Rely on them as Investment Avenue?Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The purpose of this study is to examine investors’ perceptions about investing in crypto-currencies. We think that investors trust in crypto-currencies is largely driven by crypto-currency comprehension, trust in government, and transaction speed. This is the first study to examine crypto-currencies from the investor’s perspective. Following that, we discover important antecedents of crypto-currency confidence. Second, we look at the government's role in crypto-currencies. The importance of this study is: first, crypto-currencies have the potential to disrupt the current economic system as the debate is all about impact of decentralization of transactions; thus, further research into how it affects investors trust is essential; and second, access to crypto-currencies. Finally, if Fin-Tech companies or banks want to enter the bitcoin industry may not attract huge advertising costs as well as marketing to soothe clients' concerns about investing in various digital currencies The research sheds light on indecisiveness in the context of marketing aspects adopted by demonstrating investors are aware about the crypto.
Awareness of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) among Student of the Catanduanes S...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The Island Province of Catanduanes is prone to all types of natural hazards that includes torrential and heavy rains, strong winds and surge, flooding and landslide or slope failures as a result of its geographical location and topography. RA 10121 mandates local DRRM bodies to “encourage community, specifically the youth, participation in disaster risk reduction and management activities, such as organizing quick response groups, particularly in identified disaster-prone areas, as well as the inclusion of disaster risk reduction and management programs as part of youth programs and projects. The study aims to determine the awareness to disaster of the student of the Catanduanes State University. The disaster-based questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 636 students selected randomly from different Colleges and Laboratory Schools in the University
The Catanduanes State University students understood some disaster-related concepts and ideas, but uncertain on issues on preparedness, adaptation, and awareness on the risks inflicted by these natural hazards. Low perception on disaster risks are evidently observed among students. The responses of the students could be based on the efficiency and impact of the integration of DRR education in the senior high school curriculum. Specifically, integration of the concepts about the hazards, hazard maps, disaster preparedness, awareness, mitigation, prevention, adaptation, and resiliency in the science curriculum possibly affect the knowledge and understanding of students on DRR. Preparedness drills and other forms of capacity building must be done to improve awareness of the student towards DRRM.
The study further recommends that teachers and instructor must also be capacitated in handling disaster as they are the prime movers in the implementation of the DRRM in education. Preparedness drills and other forms of capacity building must be done to improve awareness of the student towards DRRM. Core subjects in Earth Sciences must be reinforced with geologic hazards. Learning competencies must also be focused on hazard identification and mapping, and coping with different geologic disaster.
The 1857 war was a watershed moment in the history of the Indian subcontinent. The battle has sparked academic debate among historians and sociologists all around the world. Despite the fact that it has been more than 150 years, this battle continues to pique the interest of historians. The war's causes and events that occurred throughout the conflict, persons who backed the British and anti-British fighters, and the results and ramifications, are all aspects of this conflict. In terms of outcomes, many academics believe that the war was a failure for those who started it. It is often assumed that the Indians who battled the British in this conflict were unable to achieve their goals. Many gains accrued to Indians as a result of the conflict, but these achievements are overshadowed by the dispute over the war's failure. This research effort focuses on the war's achievements for India, and the significance of those achievements.
Haryana's Honour Killings: A Social and Legal Point of ViewDr. Amarjeet Singh
Life is unpredictably unpredictable. Nobody knows what will happen in the next minute of their lives. In this circumstance, every human being has the right and desire to conduct their lives according to their own desires. No one should be forced to live a life solely for the benefit and reputation of others. Honour killing is defined as the assassination of a person, whether male or female, who refuses to accept the family's arranged marriage or decides to move her or his marital life according to her or his wishes solely because it jeopardizes the family's honour. The family's supreme authority looks after the family's name but neglects to consider the love and affection shared among family members. I have discussed honour killing in India in my research work. This sort of murder occurs as a result of particular triggers, which are also examined in relation to the role of the law in honour killing. No one can be released free if they break the law, and in this case, it is a felony that violates various regulations designed to safeguard citizens. This crime is similar to many others, but it is distinct enough to be differentiated in the report. When the husband is of low social standing, it lowers the position and caste of the female family, prompting the male family members to murder the girl. But they forget that the girl is their kid and that while rank may be attained, a girl's life can never be replaced, and that caste is less valuable than the girl's life and love spent with them.
Optimization of Digital-Based MSME E-Commerce: Challenges and Opportunities i...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The impact caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic on Micro and Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) was so severe and fatal
that not a few went out of business. The heavy burden is borne by MSME actors due to social restrictions imposed by the
government, the declining purchasing power of the people, a product that continues to decline until capital runs out. Plus
inadequate knowledge in carrying out marketing strategies and product innovations are the main trigger for the lack of
enthusiasm for MSME actors as well as bankruptcy. MSME digitalization-based e-commerce is an opportunity and the right
solution in dealing with the obstacles caused by the impact of Covid-19, as well as a challenge for MSME actors to design old
ways in new ways through digital business.
Modal Space Controller for Hydraulically Driven Six Degree of Freedom Paralle...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper presents the Modal space decoupled control for a hydraulically driven parallel mechanism has been presented. The approach is based on singular values decomposition to the properties of joint-space inverse mass matrix, and mapping of the control and feedback variables from the joint space to the decoupling modal space. The method transformed highly coupled six-input six-output dynamics into six independent single-input single-output (SISO) 1 DOF hydraulically driven mechanical systems. The novelty in this method is that the signals including control errors, control outputs and pressure feedbacks are transformed into decoupled modal space and also the proportional gains and dynamic pressure feedback are tuned in modal space. The results indicate that the conventional controller can only attenuate the resonance peaks of the lower eigenfrequencies of six rigid modes properly, and the peaking points of other relative higher eigenfrequencies are over damped, The further results show that it is very effective to design and tune the system in modal space and that the bandwidth increased substantially except surge (x) and sway (y) motions, each degree of freedom can be almost tuned independently and their bandwidths can be increased near to the undamped eigenfrequencies.
It is a known fact that a large number of Steel Industry Expansion projects in India have been delayed due to regulatory clearances, environmental issues and problems pertaining to land acquisition. Also, there are challenges in the tendering phase that affect viability of projects thus delaying implementation, construction phase is beset with over-runs and disputes and last but not the least; provider skills are weak all across the value chain. Given the critical role of Steel Sector in ensuring a sustained growth trajectory for India, it is imperative that we identify the core issues affecting completion of infrastructure projects in India and chalk out initiatives that need to be acted upon in short term as well as long term.
A blockchain is a decentralised database that is shared across computer network nodes. A blockchain acts as a database, storing information in a digital format. The study primarily aims to explore how in the future, block chain technology will alter several areas of the Indian economy. The current study aims to obtain a deeper understanding of blockchain technology's idea and implementation in India, as well as the technology's potential as a disruptive financial technological innovation.
Secondary sources such as reports, journals, papers, and websites were used to compile all the data. Current and relevant information were utilised to help understand the research goals. All the information is rationally organised to fulfil the objectives. The current research focuses on recommendations for enhancing India's Blockchain ecosystem so that it may become one of the best in the world at utilising this new technology.
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The case study discusses the potential of drone delivery and the challenges that need to be addressed before it becomes widespread.
Key takeaways:
Drone delivery is in its early stages: Amazon's trial in the UK demonstrates the potential for faster deliveries, but it's still limited by regulations and technology.
Regulations are a major hurdle: Safety concerns around drone collisions with airplanes and people have led to restrictions on flight height and location.
Other challenges exist: Who will use drone delivery the most? Is it cost-effective compared to traditional delivery trucks?
Discussion questions:
Managerial challenges: Integrating drones requires planning for new infrastructure, training staff, and navigating regulations. There are also marketing and recruitment considerations specific to this technology.
External forces vary by country: Regulations, consumer acceptance, and infrastructure all differ between countries.
Demographics matter: Younger generations might be more receptive to drone delivery, while older populations might have concerns.
Stakeholders for Amazon: Customers, regulators, aviation authorities, and competitors are all stakeholders. Regulators likely hold the greatest influence as they determine the feasibility of drone delivery.
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers new opportunities to radically reinvent the way we do business. This study explores how CEOs and top decision makers around the world are responding to the transformative potential of AI.
Senior Project and Engineering Leader Jim Smith.pdfJim Smith
I am a Project and Engineering Leader with extensive experience as a Business Operations Leader, Technical Project Manager, Engineering Manager and Operations Experience for Domestic and International companies such as Electrolux, Carrier, and Deutz. I have developed new products using Stage Gate development/MS Project/JIRA, for the pro-duction of Medical Equipment, Large Commercial Refrigeration Systems, Appliances, HVAC, and Diesel engines.
My experience includes:
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Successfully developed the $15-20M yearly corporate capital strategy for manufacturing, with the Executive Team and key stakeholders. Created project scope and specifications, business case, ROI, managed project plans with key personnel for nine consumer product manufacturing and distribution sites; to support the company’s strategic sales plan.
Over 15 years of experience managing and developing cost improvement projects with key Stakeholders, site Manufacturing Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, Maintenance, and facility support personnel to optimize pro-duction operations, safety, EHS, and new product development. (BioLab, Deutz, Caire)
Experience working as a Technical Manager developing new products with chemical engineers and packaging engineers to enhance and reduce the cost of retail products. I have led the activities of multiple engineering groups with diverse backgrounds.
Great experience managing the product development of products which utilize complex electrical controls, high voltage power panels, product testing, and commissioning.
Created project scope, business case, ROI for multiple capital projects to support electrotechnical assembly and CPG goods. Identified project cost, risk, success criteria, and performed equipment qualifications. (Carrier, Electrolux, Biolab, Price, Hussmann)
Created detailed projects plans using MS Project, Gant charts in excel, and updated new product development in Jira for stakeholders and project team members including critical path.
Great knowledge of ISO9001, NFPA, OSHA regulations.
User level knowledge of MRP/SAP, MS Project, Powerpoint, Visio, Mastercontrol, JIRA, Power BI and Tableau.
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Oprah Winfrey: A Leader in Media, Philanthropy, and Empowerment | CIO Women M...CIOWomenMagazine
This person is none other than Oprah Winfrey, a highly influential figure whose impact extends beyond television. This article will delve into the remarkable life and lasting legacy of Oprah. Her story serves as a reminder of the importance of perseverance, compassion, and firm determination.
Effect of Job Stress, Benefits and Salary on Employee Job Satisfaction Based on Mediating and Moderating Role of Work Environment and Leadership: Evidence from Telecom Sector
1. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
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121 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Effect of Job Stress, Benefits and Salary on Employee Job Satisfaction
Based on Mediating and Moderating Role of Work Environment and
Leadership: Evidence from Telecom Sector
Rehan Sohail Butt1
, Dr. Xuezhou Wen2
, Rana Yassir Hussain3
and Sabeeh Pervaiz4
1
PhD Scholar, School of Management, Jiangsu University, CHINA
2
Professor, School of Management, Jiangsu University, China/School of Business, Jiangnan University, CHINA
3
PhD Scholar, School of Management, Jiangsu University, CHINA
4
PhD Scholar, School of Management, Jiangsu University, CHINA
1
Corresponding Author: 5103170238@stmail.ujs.edu.cn
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to explore the mediating role of
work environment with employee job satisfaction, job stress
and benefits and salary, to investigate the moderating effects
of leadership between work environment and employee job
satisfaction. The quantitative and inductive approach was
used to collect data for 515 employees. The data was collected
through a field survey with a closed-ended questionnaire
methodology. The Smart-Partial Least Square (PLS-3.0) was
used to analyze structural equation modeling (SEM) for
studied variables. Furthermore, findings proved that there is a
positive relationship between benefits and salary with
employee job satisfaction. The work environment mediates the
relationship between Benefits & salary and employee job
satisfaction. Here, leadership moderates between work
environment and employees' job satisfaction. The job stress
has a relationship between employee job satisfaction, whereas,
the work environment has a positive effect on job stress. This
study assists the executive bodies of the telecommunication
sector, how to reduce job stress and raise the level of job
satisfaction among employees.
Keywords-- Employee Job Satisfaction, Job Stress, Benefits
and Salary, Work Environment, Leadership
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, small-medium enterprises are
struggling to become market leaders in their respective
fields and try to maintain their growth. The market growth
and situation is not only affecting the organizations but also
stakeholders and employees(Borgwardt et al., 2019;
Karimi, 2019). The employees with job stress found
themselves in a pressured work environment (Borgwardt et
al., 2019). Previous studies argued that inoperable pressure
by the management leads the employees to job stress
(Inamdar, 2019). Many researchers, studied job stress, job
satisfaction, and turnover intention of the employees in an
organization (Chhabra, 2016). Few of the researchers
studied on ethnicity, job category, dispositional resilience,
and instrumental support of employees in a firm (McVeigh
et al., 2019). The researcher Wolfe and Patel (2019), argued
that much involvement of higher management in employees
work practices, work-life balance with job (Holland, Tham,
Sheehan, & Cooper, 2019), social support, organizational
commitment, employment arrangement, workers health
(Granziera & Perera, 2019; Lambert, Qureshi, Frank,
Klahm, & Smith, 2018; Ray, Tat'Yana, & Pana-Cryan,
2017; Tongchaiprasit & Ariyabuddhiphongs, 2016; Won &
Chang, 2019) effects the employees' job satisfaction.
Sengupta (2017) Concluded that the telecom sector
is having tariff war across the world. Due to high
fluctuation in the market, companies and employees are
getting growth and job stress. The telecommunication
sector is much effective due to market fluctuation, recently
India is facing issues with the declining revenue of 40% in
2016–2017 (Arifeen, 2018). The psychiatrist, Harish Shetty
from India argued that “I receive eight to ten patients a
month and minimum three from telecom sector”, and
mostly I received patients from information technology and
telecom sector with depression and anxiety. Most of the
studies describe job stress as the main factor for the loss of
the telecommunication sector(Mansoor, Fida, Nasir, &
Ahmad, 2011; Memon, Ting, Salleh, Ali, & Yacob, 2016).
In the telecom sector of Pakistan, 161 million
subscribers with tele density of 76.76%, the users 68
million are having 3G/4G with 32.36% penetration rate.
The FDI awarded to telecom sector for the increase of
288.49 to 488.75 million in 2017–2018. The
telecommunication Jazz Company is working as a market
leader with 36.87% market share, Telenor with 27.65% of
shares, Zong 21.44%, and Ufone 14.04% as per the
information of Pakistan Telecommunication Authority
2019. In two quarters of the financial year 2017–2018, the
revenue of the telecom industry hit 235.5 billion, and 78.62
billion contributions recorded in terms of “taxes, regulatory
fees, initial and annual license charges, activation tax and
other charges as per the economic survey” (Farooq, 2018).
While from July 2014–June 2017 telecom sector
2. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
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122 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
contributed $ 4.42 billion to the national treasure (Jabri,
2018). Globally in 2016, mobile phone companies and
service operator centers contributed 4.4% to GDP—
equivalent to approximately $3.3 trillion of economic value.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Job Stress
Selye (1964) defined stress as “an individual’s
material and emotional reaction, into potential threatening
aspects of the environment”. The job stress is defined as the
“situation of an individual due to job issues, force an
individual to alter, modify or revolutionize his/her mental
and emotional state in such a manner that the individual
deviates from normal working behavior to the worst”
(Beehr & Newman, 1978). The researcher Cullen, Link ,
Wolfe & Frank (1985), defined as the “ worker’s feeling of
hardness, tension, anxiety, frustration and worries arising
from his/her job”. Consequently, the researchers S.Lee,
Yun, & Lee (2015) concluded that “employee feel job stress
when he is not fit with the working environment”, that
makes problem and an individual cannot perform the job
effectively and efficiently. The outcome of job stress
damages the psychological and physical health of an
employee. According to Beehr, Jex, Stacy. & Murray
(2000) , the prior work on job stress has given much
courtesy to the psychological consequences of
“nervousness, depression, as well as job dissatisfaction,
resulted in strains”. This study focuses on the relationship
of the work environment and job satisfaction of an
employee in the telecom sector of Pakistan.
2.2. Job Satisfaction
There are several kinds of research related to job
satisfaction. Spector (1985) defined job satisfaction an
individual who considered a job as a central part of their
life to enjoy, while others consider it as a routine. It’s a
collection of attitudes that employees develop in their jobs
and related tasks to accomplish (C.-H. Lee & Moon, 2011).
It refers to the degree that the work addresses the issues and
estimation of worker and the individual's reaction to that
environment (Babalola, 2016). According to Chung , Jung
& Sohn (2017), job satisfaction is a crucial construct to
know about employees’ insights and how they are cured by
their employers. The job satisfaction is connected to several
behavioral, mental, and physical health for organizational
outcomes, customer satisfaction, and productivity
(Tomaževič, Seljak, & Aristovnik, 2014).
2.3. Hypothesis Development
2.3.1. Work Environment and Job Stress
The work environment influences increasing job
stress with the role of ambiguity, workloads, and conflicts
of interest related to the assigned work (Jin, Sun, Jiang,
Wang, & Wen, 2018). The researcher defined that job stress
exists when the task is not accomplished due to the non-
work environment in an organization (Quick, Macik-Frey,
& Nelson, 2017). The researcher predicted job stress due to
physical and irrelevant interpersonal demands regarding
tasks at the workplace. The researcher argued that the work
environment influenced employee mental-disorder and
leads to retirement. The workplace environment is an
important factor that influences on job stress negatively and
positively. Job stress depends on the work environment and
costs directly and indirectly to the organization. Hence, it is
concluded that mismanagement by an organization creates
job stress and is dangerous for the work environment.
H1: Work environment has a positive and significant
impact on job stress
2.4.2. Benefits and Salary with Work Environment
Rasheed, Humayon, Awan, and Ahmed (2016)
explore the study conducted in a university which
concluded that employees with less salary have much job
stress with no loyalty towards institute and work
environment also affect the employee job interest. Peluso,
Innocenti, & Pilati (2017), the study conducted and
reflected the positive relationship of compensation with the
work environment which also included job satisfaction and
affective commitment towards the job. Therefore, we
construct the following hypothesis:
H2: Benefits and salary have a positive and significant
impact on the work environment
2.4.3. Job Stress and Job Satisfaction
Now a day, everyone is struggling to fulfill their
dreams within limited resources. The entrepreneurs are
facing many difficulties due to a lack of resources, an
increase in competition and continuous change in the
internal and external environment. This situation pushes the
organization to perform more, whereas, firms demand more
work and more work from their employees, which creates
job stress on employees affecting job satisfaction in an
organization. Khalatbari, Ghorbanshiroudi, and
Firouzbakhsh (2013) explored through the research with the
sample size of 160 employees and found an association
between job stress and job satisfaction.
H3: Job stress has a negative and significant impact on job
satisfaction
2.4.4 Benefits and Salary with Job Satisfaction
The research Spencer et al (2016) found that
gender discrimination based on benefits and salary is highly
effected on job satisfaction. Although, the research showed
that female employees work equivalent to the male
employee but in return, the female is unable to receive such
benefits as compare to the male employee. However, there
is no difference in job satisfaction levels. Peluso et al
(2017) explored the approach of Salary benefits which is
based on different fundamentals; basic pay, variable pay,
recognition and stocks, benefits including health care,
retirement plan, saving and off time benefits, training and
development opportunities, career development,
3. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
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123 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
performance management, succession planning, training
and work environment, which includes intangibles .This
research showed a positive relationship between reward
system and job satisfaction, affective commitment and
innovative work behavior.
H4: Benefits and salary have a positive significant impact
on employees’ job satisfaction
2.4.5 Work Environment and Job Satisfaction
A place with better psychological and physical
environments prospects to work-life brings loyalty with the
work, organization, and quality of performance. The study
on nurses in USA explored the job satisfaction with the
work environment in the era of 2005 to 2017. The
researcher investigated the employees at the front line for
the services and represents the company (Wei, Sewell,
Woody, & Rose, 2018). Singh and Nayak (2015)
Suggested, that to influence the extent of job satisfaction of
employees, it is mandatory to clarify the nature of work and
improve their work environment. A study of 642 employees
of hotels and resorts in Indonesia found a positive
association between work environment, organizational
culture, leadership style, and job satisfaction. Thus, we
proposed the following hypothesis.
H5: Work environment has a positive and significant
impact on job satisfaction
2.4.6 The Mediation Effect
Singh and Nayak (2015) study on the police
department of India revealed that a friendly working
environment will improve employees' performance and
decrease the level of job stress. Peluso et al (2017), study
displayed the importance of perceptions of benefits and
base pay on the work environment as well as its effects on
job satisfaction. It is noted that the work environment can
also perform the function of the mediator between the
constructs. An Italian based study (De Simone, Cicotto, &
Lampis, 2016) on teachers revealed that work stressors such
as workload, working environment, attitude towards
change, and insights of senior management influence
physical symptoms and indirect influence through job
satisfaction. Therefore, we have suggested the following
hypothesis:
H6: Work environment has a positive and significant
mediation between benefits and salary with employees’ job
satisfaction
2.4.7 The Leadership Effect on Employees Job
Satisfaction
Jin et al. (2018) concluded that job stress reduction
with supervisory support, role clarity, coworker integration,
and agency formalization. de Oliveira, Cavazotte, and Alan
Dunzer (2019) Study based on the context of Brazilian
organizations reflected that career management and
leadership career support job satisfaction and reduces
turnover intention on employees in an organization.
Moreover, the authors noted that leadership moderates
between organizational career management practices, job
satisfaction, and turnover intention. Boamah, Laschinger,
Wong, and Clarke (2018) investigated the direct influence
of leadership on workplace environments and noted
positive impacts on job satisfaction and also found the
positive impact of leadership on employees’ job satisfaction
and consider one of the critical factors for promoting work
engagement.
H7: Leadership positively and significantly influences
employees’ job satisfaction
2.4.8 The Leadership Effect on Job Satisfaction
In previous studies leadership was used and analyzed as
moderator (Hussain & Younis, 2015; Zheng, Graham,
Epitropaki, & Snape, 2019) between jealousy and
productive work behavior. In other studies (González-
Navarro, Zurriaga-Llorens, Tosin Olateju, & Llinares-Insa,
2018) leadership was used as a moderator in between
intragroup conflicts and teamwork. Furthermore, the
researcher Curseu (2011), explored the moderation effect of
leadership with strategic human resource practices and job
satisfaction (Hamid & Azhar). The leadership plays the role
of moderator with management control and business
excellence (Doeleman, ten Have, & Ahaus, 2012).
Therefore, on the base of literature we suggested the
following hypothesis:
H8: Leadership has a positive and significantly moderation
effect between work environment and employees’ job
satisfaction
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Sample and Data Collections
This study targeted all levels of employees
working in the telecommunication industry of Pakistan.
There are five major players in the telecom industry, such
Job Stress
Benefit &Salary
Work
Environment
Employees’ Job
Satisfaction
Leadership
H5
H6
H1
H2
H3
H4
H7H8
4. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
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124 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
as PTCL, Mobilink Telenor, Zong, and Ufone. A closed-
ended self-administered questionnaire was used consisting
of six sections. The data was collected through major cities
of Pakistan from January 2019 to April 2019. Initially, pilot
testing was applied to the observation of 50 respondents.
After founded satisfactory results, collection for further data
was started at a large scale and distributed 550
questionnaires from which 515 received and 35
questionnaires were removed due to incomplete
information. A technique of convenient random sampling
was applied for data collection. The questionnaire includes
39 items and smart-partial least square (PLS) was used to
test structural equation modeling (SEM).
3.2 Demographical Information
Table 1 showed the demographics information of
respondents. A sample of 515 employees represents the
population of the telecommunication sector in Pakistan.
From the respondents, 392 (76%) were males, followed by
123 (24%) were females. Also, 219 (42%) of the
respondents were ranged between 20-30 years, followed by
50;(10%) in 41-50 years. From the education viewpoint,
216 (42%) holds graduation, followed by 291 (56%)
masters, and remaining (2%) were above master degrees.
Furthermore, 35 respondents were from Human Resource
(HR), the sales and marketing department were 42%, the
administrative department was 45 with 9% and the rest of
the 209 respondents were from other departments with
40%. Moreover, 127 with (25%) of the respondents have 1
– 5years’ experience followed by 260 (50%) with 5 – 10
years and (24%) 11 – 15 years, as well as respondents with
tenure above than 16 years, were 125 (1%). As mentioned
in below Table 1, showed 11 (2%) of respondents have
below 20,000 rupees’ salary, about 177 (34%) of the
respondent’s salary were between 20,000 to 40,000, 159
employees with (31%) of the respondents were with salary
40,000 to 60,000 and employees with a salary above 60,000
were (33%). Out of 515 respondents, 340 (66%) were
married, and the remaining 175 (34%) were single.
Table 1: Respondent’s Characteristics
Characteristics Distribution Frequency %
Gender
Male 392 76
Female 123 24
Age
20-30 219 42
31-40 246 48
41-50 50 10
Education
Bachelor 216 42
Master 291 56
Doctor 8 2
Department
HR 35 7
Finance 8 2
Sales &
Marketing
218 42
Administration 45 9
Others 209 40
Experience
1 to 5 years 127 25
5 to 10 years 260 50
11 to 15 years 125 24
16 years &
above
3 1
Salary
Below 20,000 11 2
20,000 to
40,000
177 34
40,000 to
60,000
159 31
Above 60,000 168 33
Marital Status
Married 340 66
Single 175 34
Total 515 100
3.3 Measurement Scales
The work environment evaluated through seven
items scale, developed by Qureshi et al (2012), and the
scale was adopted because it has been successfully used in
previous studies (Langer, Feeney, & Lee, 2019;
Pawirosumarto, Sarjana, & Gunawan, 2017). Job
satisfaction was assessed through four items scale
developed by Thatcher, Liu &Stepina (2002) and
successfully administered in previous studies (Lim, Lee, &
Bae, 2019). The studied variable job stress was evaluated
by seven items, which were developed by Qureshi et al
(2012), and was widely used due to its greater reliability
witnessed in previous studies (Chung et al., 2017; Halkos &
Bousinakis, 2017). The scale for leadership was analyzed
which was developed by Chaiprasti & Santidhiraku (2011),
this scale comprises 11 items that have already been used in
recent studies (Boamah et al., 2018). While benefits and
salary measured by eight items taken from the study of
Munir & Rahman (2016). All the variants reserved by using
5-points Likert scale ratings 1 = strongly disagree, 5 =
strongly agree.
IV. RESULTS AND MEASUREMENT
ANALYSIS
4.1. Measurement Model
Table 2 shows the results related to the assessment
of all constructs. As per the rule of thumb (Nunnally, 1978),
the coefficient value for Cronbach’s Alpha must exceed
0.70, the reliability should be in the range of 0.70 to
0.90.Table 2, CA values of all of the constructs ( benefits
and salary = 0.901, employee’s job satisfaction = 0.851, job
stress = 0.931, leadership = 0.923, and work environment =
0.764) fall in the range of 0.70 to 0.90. Also, related to the
loading, China (1998) proposed that factor loadings should
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be greater than 0.50. Furthermore, Bagozzi & Yi (1988)
stated that the value of AVE should be greater than 0.50.
Moreover, according to Gefen, Straub &Boudreau (2000),
the composite reliability of the construct should exceed
0.70. Hence, keeping in view all the rules of thumbs related
to reliability and validity standards, the results of the study
found satisfactory and met the basic criteria developed by
the previous scholars.
Table 2: Measurement Model Evaluation
Variables Items Loadings CA1
CR2
AVE3
Benefits and Salary
BS1 0.628
0.901 0.92 0.591
BS2 0.814
BS3 0.808
BS4 0.795
BS5 0.745
BS6 0.817
BS7 0.814
BS8 0.706
Employees' Job Satisfaction
EJS1 0.824
0.851 0.899 0.691
EJS2 0.824
EJS3 0.855
EJS4 0.822
Job Stress
JS1 0.904
0.931 0.892 0.548
JS2 0.923
JS3 0.600
JS4 0.587
JS5 0.776
JS6 0.662
JS7 0.652
Leadership
L2 0.737
0.923 0.934 0.589
L3 0.808
L4 0.780
L5 0.742
L6 0.801
L7 0.788
L8 0.863
L9 0.681
L10 0.752
L11 0.703
Work Environment
WE1 0.751
0.764 0.848 0.585
WE4 0.663
WE5 0.811
WE6 0.823
Note: CA1
= Cronbach’s alpha; CR2
= composite reliability; AVE3
= average value extracted.
Two methods were used to evaluate the
discriminant validity of the variables, to ensure the cross-
loadings of indicators and should be higher than any other
opposing constructs (Hair, Sarstedt, Ringle, & Mena, 2012).
(2) According to the Fornell & Larcekr (1981), the square
root of AVE for each construct should exceed the inter-
correlations of the construct with other model constructs.
Hence, as reflected in Table 3, both approaches ensured the
satisfaction of the results and validity.
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Table 3: Discriminant Validity
Variables 1 2 3 4 5
1 Benefits
and Salary 0.769
2
Employees'
Job
Satisfaction 0.553 0.831
3 Job Stress 0.074 0.056 0.741
4
Leadership 0.359 0.515 0.122 0.767
5 Work
Environment 0.419 0.804 0.200 0.501 0.765
Note: The values in the diagonal represent the square root of AVE value mentioned in table 1. For instance, AVE of Job Stress
= 0.548, its square root = 0.741.
Table 4: Path Co-Efficient and Hypothesis Testing
Note: ** p-value < 0.05 (two-tailed test); *** p-value < 0.001 (two-tailed test); SD = standard deviation; WE = work
environment; JS = job stress; BS = benefits and salary; EJS = employees’ job satisfaction; and L = leadership
Figure 2: Path Co-efficient
Hypothesis Relationship Path Coefficient Mean SD t-Value p-Value Decision
H1 WE -> JS
0.200 0.139 0.185 1.081 0.280
Not Supported
H2 BS -> WE 0.419 0.421 0.047 8.919*** 0.000 Supported
H3 JS -> EJS
-0.095 -0.055 0.113 0.839 0.402
Not Supported
H4 BS -> EJS 0.244 0.232 0.041 6.004*** 0.000 Supported
H5 WE -> EJS 0.682 0.697 0.043 15.83*** 0.000 Supported
H6 BS -> WE -> EJS 0.286 0.296 0.027 10.54*** 0.000 Supported
H7 L -> EJS 0.128 0.127 0.030 4.241*** 0.000 Supported
H8 WE*L -> EJS 0.055 0.066 0.022 2.547** 0.011 Supported
Job Stress
Benefit & Salary
Work
Environment
Employees’ Job
Satisfaction
Leadership
0.682
0.286
0.200
0.419
-0.095
0.244
0.1280.055
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Figure 3 shows the interaction of leadership on the
work environment and employee job satisfaction. The lines
on the graph show that if there is a greater focus on
leadership in the telecom sector, the moderation effect of
leadership will be higher.
Figure 3: Moderation Interaction
V. CONCLUSION
5.1 Discussion and Conclusion
The employees of every sector have much issue
which affects job satisfaction. This study focuses on the
telecom sector of Pakistan and explored the role of job
stress, benefits and salary, and work environment on
employee job satisfaction. The developing countries focus
on employee’s job satisfaction and the role of leadership is
very crucial for satisfaction. The study explored the
moderating effect of leadership on employee’s job
satisfaction. The study contained eight hypotheses, which
proves that relation of job stress with employee’s job
satisfaction is always negative. Moderation and mediation
play a positive effect on work environment employee’s job
satisfaction The hypotheses proposed that the work
environment has a positive significance on job stress with
0.20 coefficient value, which confirmed that work
environment impacted through job stress. Due to changes in
work and pressure of much workload, the employees with a
lack of capabilities and capacities become worried about
their jobs and the factor of job stress occurs will affect
employee job satisfaction. The proposed hypothesis
benefits and salary has a positive and significant impact on
employees' job satisfaction with beta 0.419, t-value 8.919,
and p-value 0.000 (Kulikowski, 2018).
Thus, hypothesis 3 constructed the results founded
with a negative -0.095 beta coefficient and t-value 0.839
and p-value 0.402. When the employees get benefits more
than their efforts, the level of satisfaction increases.
Besides, when companies have fewer employees, they feed
them more than limits, likewise in the Mobilink-Warid
merger case, after firing many employees, the rest of the
employees get more benefits and salaries than before (Lim
et al., 2019). Hence, the results of hypothesis 4: stated
positively with 0.244 beta, t-value 6.004, and p-value 0.000.
An internal environment plays a vital role in the satisfaction
of the employees. Therefore, when the job description is
defined appropriately, the task is easy to achieve in the
guidance of executives employees’ and performance
increases (Kakada & Deshpande, 2019). Therefore,
hypothesis 5 noted with positive beta value 0.682, t-value
15.830, and p-value 0.000.
The prior researches also proved that mandatory
benefits and salary that increase the employees’ job
satisfaction. We argue that if benefits and salary provided
with improved environmental conditions, it has a significant
influence on the satisfaction of employees. Hence, the
results of hypothesis 6: revealed positive beta 0.286, t-value
10.54, and p-value 0.000. In contrast to the direct effect of
benefits and salary (beta = 0.244) with the mediating role of
the work environment and beta = 0.286. Thus, it proved that
the work environment could increase the effects of benefits
and salary to employees’ job satisfaction. The productivity
of employees is directly associated with the work
environment, punctuality, consistency in their work and all
these factors raise due to leadership (Chan, 2019).
Therefore, hypothesis 7: proved and supported with beta
0.128, t-value 4.241, and p-value 0.000. Also, managerial
support for the adaptation of technology leadership which
moderates between work environment and employees’ job
satisfaction. For instance, when there are role ambiguity
and less direction towards a task, employees approach the
leaders. Hence, Hypothesis 8: constructed and the results
supported with positive beta 0.055, t-value 2.547, and p-
value 0.011. This study contributes to the existing literature
in several ways. Firstly, in prior studies, scholars have
shown interest in the moderating effects of leadership style.
Zhu, Avolio, and Walumbwa (2009) stated that leadership
style has moderating effects on the employee’s
characteristics and working conditions.
This study contributes to the moderating
interaction effect of participative leadership on work
environment and job satisfaction, as proved in hypothesis 8.
Leadership positively and significantly moderates the
relationship. Secondly, this work examines the mechanism
of associations among benefits and salary to work
environment and job satisfaction. Herzberg's theory of
motivation (1959), stated how hygiene and motivational
factors influenced job satisfaction and also investigated by
Addis, Dvivedi & Beshah (2018) as the theory has a gap of
how the work environment mediates the relationship
between constructs. Hence, this study elaborates on the
mediating role of work environment. Thirdly, this study
provides aids to telecom organizations’ executives about
lessening the level of job stress as proved that to increase
the employees’ job satisfaction; executives are required to
improve the work environment, which requires that there
should be clarity among objectives, roles, and targets.
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5.2 Suggestion and Limitation
Moreover, to increase the sales of the company’s
product, there should team and to involve the employees at
work, there should be incentives and an increase in bonuses
and other benefits. This study is not free from limitations.
The study was conducted in a developing country telecom
sector, Pakistan. Moreover, the convenient random
sampling technique was used for the collected data. This
study is based on cross-sectional data, which were collected
from a single country that could be challenged. In the
future, we recommend longitudinal cross-country data-sets
and comparison of findings from different countries that
have different cultural backgrounds to support/challenge the
outcomes of this model.
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