This study investigated whether oestradiol induces ovarian oxytocin secretion through prostaglandin release by blocking prostaglandin synthesis. Nine ewes with ovarian autotransplants received injections of either oestradiol alone or oestradiol plus finadyne, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Blood samples were taken from ovarian and jugular veins before and after injections to analyze hormone concentrations and secretion rates. Results showed ewes receiving oestradiol plus finadyne did not exhibit oxytocin or prostaglandin pulses, demonstrating prostaglandin initiation is important for oxytocin secretion following oestrogen treatment.
Presentation by neha jain on aspirin induced alterations on liver and kidneyneha jain
The document presents a study that examined the effects of aspirin administration on the liver, kidney, and reproductive system of female albino rats. Various parameters were measured including organ weights, hematological factors, enzyme levels, histopathology, and estrus cycle. The results showed that aspirin induced toxicity in the liver and kidney and caused morphological changes in the ovaries, oviduct, and uterus along with effects on the estrus cycle.
Histochemical Studies of Enzymes in the Adrenal Gland of Rat & Rabbit during ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Administration of ACTH stimulates adrenal secretion of progesterone as well as corticosterone (Resko, 19691; Feder et al., 1969; Feder et al., 1971; Piva et al., 1973). Progesterone is both an obligatory intra-adrenal substrate for corticosterone production and a steroid essential for maintenance of pregnancy. Thus, the regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis during pregnancy has two potentially important aspects: i.) Maintenance of optimal blood levels of corticosterone and ii.)Contributing significant amounts of progesterone to the total maternal pool. Since the extended luteotrophic function of ovary in rat & mice during pregnancy is related to the Peroxidase-Ascorbate system (Agrawal, P. & Laloraya, M.M. 1979). It appears likely that synthesis of progesterone under the action of ACTH during pregnancy may be controlled by a similar mechanism as reported for LH in the ovary, thus causing increased synthesis and secretion of the Progesterone and corticosteroids from the adrenal gland.
The document discusses prostaglandin production in ovine placentas. It finds that PGHS-1 is expressed in trophoblast epithelial cells and weakly in maternal tissues, while PGHS-2 expression increases specifically in trophoblast cells near term and during labor. Glucocorticoid treatment and spontaneous labor both significantly increase PGHS-2 levels in trophoblasts, indicating its role in elevated prostaglandin production during labor. The study elucidates the cellular localization of PGHS isozymes in ovine placentas and how their expression changes with gestation and the onset of labor.
This study investigated the antioxidant effects of nebivolol in protecting against testicular damage caused by torsion-detorsion injury in rats. Forty rats were divided into four groups: a control group, a torsion group, a torsion/detorsion group, and a torsion/detorsion+nebivolol group. Biochemical assays and histopathological examination found that torsion-detorsion injury increased oxidative stress markers and apoptosis in testicular tissue, while administration of nebivolol before detorsion decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis. The study suggests that nebivolol has a protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the testes caused by torsion-
The document discusses various in vivo and in vitro methods for evaluating the contraceptive, estrogenic, progestational, androgenic, and anti-fertility properties of drugs. It describes animal models and assays to test mechanisms of action such as inhibition of ovulation, implantation, sperm function, and hormone receptor binding. Tests are outlined for evaluating efficacy parameters like fertility, litter size, hormone levels, organ weights, and histological changes in response to drug administration. The goal is to establish contraceptive properties and mechanisms of action through preclinical testing before human trials.
HISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS OF ENZYMES DURING ESTROUS CYCLE IN THE ADRENAL GLA...paperpublications3
Abstract:Peroxidase appears to be involved in the biosynthetic machinery controlling corticosteroidogenesis Peroxidase and Cytochrome oxidase would seem to transform adrenocortical cells into highly oxidative compartments of the adrenal which attributes to the oxidation of Pregnenolone to Progesterone and Corticosteroids towards maturation. In view of this, a study of in situ changes in various enzymes viz. ∆53β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, Peroxidase, Cytochrome oxidase, Acid & Alkaline phosphatases & Lipids in the adrenal gland at different stages of reproductive cycle in Rat (Rattus rattus) had been studied.
Keywords:Enzymes, Estrous Cycle, Adrenal, Pregnenolone to progesterone & Biosynthetic machinery.
Presentation by neha jain on aspirin induced alterations on liver and kidneyneha jain
The document presents a study that examined the effects of aspirin administration on the liver, kidney, and reproductive system of female albino rats. Various parameters were measured including organ weights, hematological factors, enzyme levels, histopathology, and estrus cycle. The results showed that aspirin induced toxicity in the liver and kidney and caused morphological changes in the ovaries, oviduct, and uterus along with effects on the estrus cycle.
Histochemical Studies of Enzymes in the Adrenal Gland of Rat & Rabbit during ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Administration of ACTH stimulates adrenal secretion of progesterone as well as corticosterone (Resko, 19691; Feder et al., 1969; Feder et al., 1971; Piva et al., 1973). Progesterone is both an obligatory intra-adrenal substrate for corticosterone production and a steroid essential for maintenance of pregnancy. Thus, the regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis during pregnancy has two potentially important aspects: i.) Maintenance of optimal blood levels of corticosterone and ii.)Contributing significant amounts of progesterone to the total maternal pool. Since the extended luteotrophic function of ovary in rat & mice during pregnancy is related to the Peroxidase-Ascorbate system (Agrawal, P. & Laloraya, M.M. 1979). It appears likely that synthesis of progesterone under the action of ACTH during pregnancy may be controlled by a similar mechanism as reported for LH in the ovary, thus causing increased synthesis and secretion of the Progesterone and corticosteroids from the adrenal gland.
The document discusses prostaglandin production in ovine placentas. It finds that PGHS-1 is expressed in trophoblast epithelial cells and weakly in maternal tissues, while PGHS-2 expression increases specifically in trophoblast cells near term and during labor. Glucocorticoid treatment and spontaneous labor both significantly increase PGHS-2 levels in trophoblasts, indicating its role in elevated prostaglandin production during labor. The study elucidates the cellular localization of PGHS isozymes in ovine placentas and how their expression changes with gestation and the onset of labor.
This study investigated the antioxidant effects of nebivolol in protecting against testicular damage caused by torsion-detorsion injury in rats. Forty rats were divided into four groups: a control group, a torsion group, a torsion/detorsion group, and a torsion/detorsion+nebivolol group. Biochemical assays and histopathological examination found that torsion-detorsion injury increased oxidative stress markers and apoptosis in testicular tissue, while administration of nebivolol before detorsion decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis. The study suggests that nebivolol has a protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the testes caused by torsion-
The document discusses various in vivo and in vitro methods for evaluating the contraceptive, estrogenic, progestational, androgenic, and anti-fertility properties of drugs. It describes animal models and assays to test mechanisms of action such as inhibition of ovulation, implantation, sperm function, and hormone receptor binding. Tests are outlined for evaluating efficacy parameters like fertility, litter size, hormone levels, organ weights, and histological changes in response to drug administration. The goal is to establish contraceptive properties and mechanisms of action through preclinical testing before human trials.
HISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS OF ENZYMES DURING ESTROUS CYCLE IN THE ADRENAL GLA...paperpublications3
Abstract:Peroxidase appears to be involved in the biosynthetic machinery controlling corticosteroidogenesis Peroxidase and Cytochrome oxidase would seem to transform adrenocortical cells into highly oxidative compartments of the adrenal which attributes to the oxidation of Pregnenolone to Progesterone and Corticosteroids towards maturation. In view of this, a study of in situ changes in various enzymes viz. ∆53β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, Peroxidase, Cytochrome oxidase, Acid & Alkaline phosphatases & Lipids in the adrenal gland at different stages of reproductive cycle in Rat (Rattus rattus) had been studied.
Keywords:Enzymes, Estrous Cycle, Adrenal, Pregnenolone to progesterone & Biosynthetic machinery.
This document summarizes various treatment options for thin endometrium, including long-term estrogen treatment, growth hormone, follicular HCG priming, tamoxifen, platelet-rich plasma infusion, stem cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells and endometrial cell sheets, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. It also compares the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates between treatments using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor alone versus with endometrial scratch.
1. The document discusses various methods for treating thin endometrium, including long-term estrogen treatment, growth hormone supplementation, follicular HCG priming, tamoxifen, platelet-rich plasma infusion, and stem cell therapies using mesenchymal stem cells from sources like menstrual blood or bone marrow.
2. Methods discussed include estrogen supplementation either orally or intravaginally to thicken the endometrium, followed by progesterone administration to prepare for embryo transfer. Some studies used additional treatments during the estrogen phase like growth hormone or HCG injections.
3. Research is also exploring regenerative approaches using stem cells, including delivering menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in spheroids to
Polyamine-Related Genes in Mouse Implantation_2008_EndocrinologyYuechao Zhao
Polyamines are essential for embryo implantation. This study investigated the expression and regulation of polyamine-related genes in the mouse uterus during embryo implantation. The study found:
1) Ornithine decarboxylase (Odc), a key regulator of polyamine synthesis, was strongly expressed at implantation sites and stimulated by estrogen treatment.
2) The expression of other polyamine-related genes like Odc antizyme 1 and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase was also high at implantation sites and regulated by Odc levels.
3) Inhibiting Odc using an inhibitor significantly reduced embryo implantation rates, indicating polyamines are important for successful
Participation of the oviductal s100 calcium binding protein G in the genomic effect of estradiol that accelerates oviductal embryo transport in mated rats
Mariana Ríos1, Alexis Parada-Bustamante1, Luis A Velásquez2,3, Horacio B Croxatto2,3,4 and Pedro A Orihuela2,3*
By Luis Alberto Velasquez Cumplido
Birth following of fitrification of small numbers oocyteEnty Ismail
1) Researchers vitrified 17 mature human oocytes from 4 patients using a solution of 40% ethylene glycol and 0.6 mol/l sucrose. 11 oocytes survived vitrification.
2) After ICSI, 5 oocytes were fertilized forming pronuclear zygotes, of which 3 developed into embryos. One embryo was transferred to a 47 year old recipient.
3) This resulted in the successful delivery of a healthy baby girl, demonstrating the potential of oocyte vitrification for human fertility preservation and treatment.
Differences in the endometrial transcript profile during the receptive period between women who were refractory to implantation and those who achieved pregnancy.
By Luis Alberto Velásquez Cumplido
Evolution of ovarian stimulation for ART - towards an individualized approachSandro Esteves
The presentation discusses the evolution of ovarian stimulation for assisted reproductive technology (ART). It begins with a historical perspective of gonadotropin development from urinary sources to recombinant products. It then examines primary factors affecting IVF success like age, ovarian reserve markers, and cause of infertility. The presentation concludes by exploring more individualized clinical strategies like tailoring gonadotropin doses, flexible GnRH antagonist protocols, and LH supplementation to improve IVF outcomes.
Effect of flax seeds (linum usitatissimum) on uterine andDr Asif Ahmad
This study investigated the effects of an aqueous methanolic extract of flax seeds (Linum usitatissimum) on puberty in immature female mice. Mice were orally administered doses of 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg of the flax seed extract or distilled water (control) daily for 25 days. Higher doses of the extract increased body, ovarian, and uterine weights compared to controls. Ovarian and uterine protein contents increased while ovarian cholesterol decreased with higher extract doses. Serum estradiol levels peaked earlier in extract-treated mice. Vaginal opening and first estrus occurred at an earlier age in mice given higher extract doses, indicating enhanced onset of puberty.
Improving Success by Tailoring Ovarian StimulationSandro Esteves
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Sandro Esteves on improving IVF success through tailored ovarian stimulation. The presentation covered factors that determine ovarian response, strategies for high and poor responders, and evidence for different stimulation protocols. For high responders, low starting doses of rFSH, GnRH antagonists, and GnRH agonist triggering were recommended based on evidence from randomized controlled trials and observational studies. For poor responders, GnRH antagonists were suggested to potentially improve outcomes based on data from 14 RCTs.
This document discusses various biomolecules associated with pregnancy, focusing on Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins (PAGs). It describes how PAGs are secreted by trophoblast cells of the placenta and can be detected in maternal blood and milk as early as 15-30 days into pregnancy, making them useful for early pregnancy diagnosis. The document outlines the 22 known bovine PAGs and how PAG-1 in particular has properties that make it a reliable biomarker for developing commercial diagnostic kits to detect pregnancy more accurately and earlier than traditional methods.
The document discusses recent advances in controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocols for infertility treatment. It describes how recombinant gonadotropins are purer and safer than urinary gonadotropins, while having similar clinical efficacy. COS protocols now utilize GnRH antagonists to simplify treatment and decrease the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome compared to agonists. Overall, novel COS protocols incorporate recombinant gonadotropins and GnRH antagonists to provide patient-friendly stimulation with good outcomes.
複製 New developments in reproductive medicinet7260678
1. Approximately 15-20% of couples in Germany experience infertility issues. New developments in reproductive medicine include GnRH-antagonists for ovarian stimulation, elective single embryo transfer (eSET) to reduce multiple pregnancies, blastocyst transfer, in-vitro maturation, and vitrification for cryopreservation.
2. Studies show eSET results in similar pregnancy rates as double embryo transfer but significantly reduces multiple pregnancy risks. Vitrification is an improved cryopreservation technique with higher post-thaw survival and pregnancy rates compared to slow freezing.
3. In-vitro maturation of oocytes is a promising new technique that could benefit conditions like PCOS, high responders at risk for OHSS,
This document summarizes research on cryopreserving and reimplanting whole ovaries and ovarian tissue in sheep. It describes two experiments: 1) cryopreserving and analyzing whole porcine ovaries, finding good structure preservation; and 2) cryopreserving and reimplanting whole sheep ovaries, resulting in pregnancy and live birth. The document concludes that while technically possible, whole ovary transplantation is a major procedure, but ovarian tissue or slice transplantation is easier surgically with a reduced follicle pool.
IBMX part I -rabbit reproduction Theriogenology 2010 (1)ELENI FOTOPOULOU
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine (IBMX), an inhibitor of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate phosphodiesterases, on rabbit reproduction. The study found that IBMX enhanced the stimulatory effects of gonadotropins on ovulation, embryo development, and fertility. IBMX increased the number of ovulations, embryos, and pregnancy and birth rates. Younger rabbits were more sensitive to IBMX than older rabbits. The results suggest that cyclic nucleotides play an important role in controlling rabbit reproduction and that IBMX can stimulate reproduction and fertility.
Number of oocytes and progesterone levels in IVF: Do they matter?Sandro Esteves
- The document summarizes research on factors that influence IVF success rates, including the number of oocytes retrieved and progesterone levels.
- It finds that retrieving around 15 oocytes optimizes live birth rates, and that recombinant FSH preparations yield more oocytes than other gonadotropins.
- While progesterone levels on the day of hCG administration correlate with the number of oocytes, there is no clear evidence that certain progesterone levels negatively impact pregnancy rates, especially with adequate embryos for freezing and future transfers.
- Considering cumulative live birth rates from multiple transfer cycles is important to properly assess IVF success rates and outcomes. Optimizing oocyte yield, embryo culture, vitrification techniques, and performing
New Developments In Reproductive Medicineguest7f0a3a
- Infertility affects approximately 15-20% of couples in Germany (1.2-1.6 million couples). Major developments in reproductive medicine over the past 50 years include in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and cryopreservation techniques.
- Newer developments include the use of GnRH antagonists for ovarian stimulation, elective single embryo transfer to reduce multiple pregnancies, blastocyst culture, and vitrification for improved cryopreservation. These aim to improve success rates while reducing risks and costs.
- In vitro maturation of oocytes is another promising new technique being used increasingly for fertility preservation and treatment of conditions like PCOS. Larger randomized controlled
Supplementation with goat follicular fluid in the in vitroAlexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that examined the effects of supplementing goat follicular fluid (GFF) at different levels in an in vitro maturation medium on cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation of goat oocytes. The results showed that cumulus expansion increased with higher levels of GFF in the medium, with the highest levels at 10% GFF. Lower or no GFF in the medium resulted in less cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation, suggesting oocyte needs were not supported without hormones and nutrients from GFF. The study concludes GFF supplementation in maturation medium can improve oocyte development in vitro.
This document summarizes research on using prostaglandins to aid uterine involution in cattle after calving. Some key points:
- Uterine involution normally reduces the uterus by 95% in weight within 20-25 days, through shedding of tissues and absorption processes similar to inflammation.
- Studies since the 1970s have found prostaglandins like cloprostenol administered post-calving help the uterus involute faster and cows resume cyclicity and breeding earlier.
- Multiple studies found cloprostenol reduced the calving-to-conception interval by an average of 30 days compared to untreated cows. Optimal timing may be the first week post-calving.
2005 4-k o'connell whats special about c10 MSD Finca Productiva Salud Del HatoMSD Salud Animal
Covexin 10 is a clostridial vaccine that offers higher potency than competitors. It uses a novel aluminum adjuvant called alum that more efficiently traps antigens during production. Testing shows Covexin 10 produces stronger immune responses and meets regulatory standards at higher levels than comparable vaccines. It is manufactured in New Zealand using local ingredients in facilities with advanced production technology.
This document summarizes various treatment options for thin endometrium, including long-term estrogen treatment, growth hormone, follicular HCG priming, tamoxifen, platelet-rich plasma infusion, stem cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells and endometrial cell sheets, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. It also compares the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates between treatments using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor alone versus with endometrial scratch.
1. The document discusses various methods for treating thin endometrium, including long-term estrogen treatment, growth hormone supplementation, follicular HCG priming, tamoxifen, platelet-rich plasma infusion, and stem cell therapies using mesenchymal stem cells from sources like menstrual blood or bone marrow.
2. Methods discussed include estrogen supplementation either orally or intravaginally to thicken the endometrium, followed by progesterone administration to prepare for embryo transfer. Some studies used additional treatments during the estrogen phase like growth hormone or HCG injections.
3. Research is also exploring regenerative approaches using stem cells, including delivering menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in spheroids to
Polyamine-Related Genes in Mouse Implantation_2008_EndocrinologyYuechao Zhao
Polyamines are essential for embryo implantation. This study investigated the expression and regulation of polyamine-related genes in the mouse uterus during embryo implantation. The study found:
1) Ornithine decarboxylase (Odc), a key regulator of polyamine synthesis, was strongly expressed at implantation sites and stimulated by estrogen treatment.
2) The expression of other polyamine-related genes like Odc antizyme 1 and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase was also high at implantation sites and regulated by Odc levels.
3) Inhibiting Odc using an inhibitor significantly reduced embryo implantation rates, indicating polyamines are important for successful
Participation of the oviductal s100 calcium binding protein G in the genomic effect of estradiol that accelerates oviductal embryo transport in mated rats
Mariana Ríos1, Alexis Parada-Bustamante1, Luis A Velásquez2,3, Horacio B Croxatto2,3,4 and Pedro A Orihuela2,3*
By Luis Alberto Velasquez Cumplido
Birth following of fitrification of small numbers oocyteEnty Ismail
1) Researchers vitrified 17 mature human oocytes from 4 patients using a solution of 40% ethylene glycol and 0.6 mol/l sucrose. 11 oocytes survived vitrification.
2) After ICSI, 5 oocytes were fertilized forming pronuclear zygotes, of which 3 developed into embryos. One embryo was transferred to a 47 year old recipient.
3) This resulted in the successful delivery of a healthy baby girl, demonstrating the potential of oocyte vitrification for human fertility preservation and treatment.
Differences in the endometrial transcript profile during the receptive period between women who were refractory to implantation and those who achieved pregnancy.
By Luis Alberto Velásquez Cumplido
Evolution of ovarian stimulation for ART - towards an individualized approachSandro Esteves
The presentation discusses the evolution of ovarian stimulation for assisted reproductive technology (ART). It begins with a historical perspective of gonadotropin development from urinary sources to recombinant products. It then examines primary factors affecting IVF success like age, ovarian reserve markers, and cause of infertility. The presentation concludes by exploring more individualized clinical strategies like tailoring gonadotropin doses, flexible GnRH antagonist protocols, and LH supplementation to improve IVF outcomes.
Effect of flax seeds (linum usitatissimum) on uterine andDr Asif Ahmad
This study investigated the effects of an aqueous methanolic extract of flax seeds (Linum usitatissimum) on puberty in immature female mice. Mice were orally administered doses of 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg of the flax seed extract or distilled water (control) daily for 25 days. Higher doses of the extract increased body, ovarian, and uterine weights compared to controls. Ovarian and uterine protein contents increased while ovarian cholesterol decreased with higher extract doses. Serum estradiol levels peaked earlier in extract-treated mice. Vaginal opening and first estrus occurred at an earlier age in mice given higher extract doses, indicating enhanced onset of puberty.
Improving Success by Tailoring Ovarian StimulationSandro Esteves
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Sandro Esteves on improving IVF success through tailored ovarian stimulation. The presentation covered factors that determine ovarian response, strategies for high and poor responders, and evidence for different stimulation protocols. For high responders, low starting doses of rFSH, GnRH antagonists, and GnRH agonist triggering were recommended based on evidence from randomized controlled trials and observational studies. For poor responders, GnRH antagonists were suggested to potentially improve outcomes based on data from 14 RCTs.
This document discusses various biomolecules associated with pregnancy, focusing on Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins (PAGs). It describes how PAGs are secreted by trophoblast cells of the placenta and can be detected in maternal blood and milk as early as 15-30 days into pregnancy, making them useful for early pregnancy diagnosis. The document outlines the 22 known bovine PAGs and how PAG-1 in particular has properties that make it a reliable biomarker for developing commercial diagnostic kits to detect pregnancy more accurately and earlier than traditional methods.
The document discusses recent advances in controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocols for infertility treatment. It describes how recombinant gonadotropins are purer and safer than urinary gonadotropins, while having similar clinical efficacy. COS protocols now utilize GnRH antagonists to simplify treatment and decrease the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome compared to agonists. Overall, novel COS protocols incorporate recombinant gonadotropins and GnRH antagonists to provide patient-friendly stimulation with good outcomes.
複製 New developments in reproductive medicinet7260678
1. Approximately 15-20% of couples in Germany experience infertility issues. New developments in reproductive medicine include GnRH-antagonists for ovarian stimulation, elective single embryo transfer (eSET) to reduce multiple pregnancies, blastocyst transfer, in-vitro maturation, and vitrification for cryopreservation.
2. Studies show eSET results in similar pregnancy rates as double embryo transfer but significantly reduces multiple pregnancy risks. Vitrification is an improved cryopreservation technique with higher post-thaw survival and pregnancy rates compared to slow freezing.
3. In-vitro maturation of oocytes is a promising new technique that could benefit conditions like PCOS, high responders at risk for OHSS,
This document summarizes research on cryopreserving and reimplanting whole ovaries and ovarian tissue in sheep. It describes two experiments: 1) cryopreserving and analyzing whole porcine ovaries, finding good structure preservation; and 2) cryopreserving and reimplanting whole sheep ovaries, resulting in pregnancy and live birth. The document concludes that while technically possible, whole ovary transplantation is a major procedure, but ovarian tissue or slice transplantation is easier surgically with a reduced follicle pool.
IBMX part I -rabbit reproduction Theriogenology 2010 (1)ELENI FOTOPOULOU
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine (IBMX), an inhibitor of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate phosphodiesterases, on rabbit reproduction. The study found that IBMX enhanced the stimulatory effects of gonadotropins on ovulation, embryo development, and fertility. IBMX increased the number of ovulations, embryos, and pregnancy and birth rates. Younger rabbits were more sensitive to IBMX than older rabbits. The results suggest that cyclic nucleotides play an important role in controlling rabbit reproduction and that IBMX can stimulate reproduction and fertility.
Number of oocytes and progesterone levels in IVF: Do they matter?Sandro Esteves
- The document summarizes research on factors that influence IVF success rates, including the number of oocytes retrieved and progesterone levels.
- It finds that retrieving around 15 oocytes optimizes live birth rates, and that recombinant FSH preparations yield more oocytes than other gonadotropins.
- While progesterone levels on the day of hCG administration correlate with the number of oocytes, there is no clear evidence that certain progesterone levels negatively impact pregnancy rates, especially with adequate embryos for freezing and future transfers.
- Considering cumulative live birth rates from multiple transfer cycles is important to properly assess IVF success rates and outcomes. Optimizing oocyte yield, embryo culture, vitrification techniques, and performing
New Developments In Reproductive Medicineguest7f0a3a
- Infertility affects approximately 15-20% of couples in Germany (1.2-1.6 million couples). Major developments in reproductive medicine over the past 50 years include in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and cryopreservation techniques.
- Newer developments include the use of GnRH antagonists for ovarian stimulation, elective single embryo transfer to reduce multiple pregnancies, blastocyst culture, and vitrification for improved cryopreservation. These aim to improve success rates while reducing risks and costs.
- In vitro maturation of oocytes is another promising new technique being used increasingly for fertility preservation and treatment of conditions like PCOS. Larger randomized controlled
Supplementation with goat follicular fluid in the in vitroAlexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that examined the effects of supplementing goat follicular fluid (GFF) at different levels in an in vitro maturation medium on cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation of goat oocytes. The results showed that cumulus expansion increased with higher levels of GFF in the medium, with the highest levels at 10% GFF. Lower or no GFF in the medium resulted in less cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation, suggesting oocyte needs were not supported without hormones and nutrients from GFF. The study concludes GFF supplementation in maturation medium can improve oocyte development in vitro.
This document summarizes research on using prostaglandins to aid uterine involution in cattle after calving. Some key points:
- Uterine involution normally reduces the uterus by 95% in weight within 20-25 days, through shedding of tissues and absorption processes similar to inflammation.
- Studies since the 1970s have found prostaglandins like cloprostenol administered post-calving help the uterus involute faster and cows resume cyclicity and breeding earlier.
- Multiple studies found cloprostenol reduced the calving-to-conception interval by an average of 30 days compared to untreated cows. Optimal timing may be the first week post-calving.
2005 4-k o'connell whats special about c10 MSD Finca Productiva Salud Del HatoMSD Salud Animal
Covexin 10 is a clostridial vaccine that offers higher potency than competitors. It uses a novel aluminum adjuvant called alum that more efficiently traps antigens during production. Testing shows Covexin 10 produces stronger immune responses and meets regulatory standards at higher levels than comparable vaccines. It is manufactured in New Zealand using local ingredients in facilities with advanced production technology.
nuflor farmer booklet for prevention and treatment MSD Finca Productiva Salu...MSD Salud Animal
Nuflor is an antibiotic that can both prevent and treat bacterial pneumonia in cattle. It works fast, within 30 minutes, to reduce fever and breathing issues. Studies show whole batch treatment of sick and exposed cattle with Nuflor can prevent the spread of pneumonia and significantly reduce failure rates. Farmers report cattle recovering almost instantly after Nuflor treatment, which is important for meeting growth targets. Nuflor is also long-lasting, broad-spectrum, and there is no resistance among major pneumonia-causing bacteria, making it a trusted first-line treatment recommended by vets.
This document is the preface to the 9th edition of the Intervet Compendium of Animal Reproduction. It expresses gratitude to contributors who updated chapters and edited the text. The editor hopes readers will find the Compendium a useful reference on animal reproduction from both scientific and practical perspectives. It contains chapters on the physiology and management of reproduction in various species including cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, and goats.
Nuflor is effective at killing bacteria through both bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity. Its minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations are very close, allowing it to reduce bacterial populations in the bronchial secretions of infected cattle. Studies show that Nuflor maintains its effectiveness against major respiratory pathogens after over a decade of use, with high cure rates and few relapses compared to other antibiotics. Nuflor is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria commonly associated with bovine respiratory disease.
Estrumate prostaglandin consistently outperforms Lutalyse prostaglandin according to eight published studies. Estrumate has a longer half-life of 3 hours compared to a few minutes for Lutalyse, is a more potent luteolytic agent, and quickly reduces progesterone levels to induce estrus. Field trials across multiple dairies found higher conception rates using Estrumate versus Lutalyse.
Pregnancy losses are common in dairy cattle and can have significant economic impacts. Early embryonic death within the first 25 days of gestation accounts for the majority of losses. Factors that influence early embryonic survival include oocyte quality, persistent follicles, and heat stress. Poor quality oocytes resulting from stresses months prior can impair fertilization and development. Prolonged follicle dominance leads to aged, lower quality oocytes. Heat stress negatively impacts oocyte quality and early embryonic development through altered hormone production and membrane composition. Together these factors increase early embryonic losses and reduce herd reproductive efficiency.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las transacciones con bancos rusos clave y la prohibición de la venta de aviones y equipos a Rusia. Los líderes de la UE también acordaron excluir a varios bancos rusos del sistema SWIFT de mensajería financiera.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un embargo petrolero contra Rusia en respuesta a la invasión de Ucrania. El embargo prohibirá la mayoría de las importaciones de petróleo ruso a la UE y se implementará de manera gradual durante los próximos seis meses. Esta medida tiene como objetivo aumentar la presión económica sobre Rusia y privar al país de una importante fuente de ingresos.
Enterocin 55 produced by non rabbit-derived strain Enterococcus faecium EF55 ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of enterocin 55 (Ent55), produced by Enterococcus faecium EF55, on the microbiota and health parameters of broiler rabbits. Ent55 was administered to an experimental group of rabbits for 3 weeks. Microbial analysis found that Ent55 reduced counts of coagulase-negative staphylococci, Pseudomonas species, and coliforms in fecal and intestinal samples. Ent55 also increased phagocytic activity and reduced Eimeria oocyst counts, while not negatively impacting growth performance or biochemical parameters. The results indicate that Ent55 produced by a non-native strain can provide protective and beneficial effects in broiler rabbits.
This study examined how type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats respond differently than healthy Wistar rats to activation of the autonomic nervous system by intracisternal injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The GK rats had higher baseline blood glucose levels compared to Wistar rats. TRH injection induced a greater insulin response but smaller decrease in blood glucose in GK rats, indicating impaired insulin secretion and action. Vagotomy blocked the insulin response, while adrenalectomy prevented the rise in blood glucose, showing the involvement of the vagus nerve and adrenal glands. The GK rats also had higher basal insulin gene expression but a lower response to TRH
Biochemical Changes in Ascorbate and Peroxidase Activity in the Adrenal Gland...paperpublications3
This document discusses biochemical changes in ascorbate and peroxidase activity in the adrenal gland during different stages of the reproductive cycle in rats. It finds that peroxidase activity increases and ascorbate levels decrease during diestrous and proestrous, when ACTH levels are high. This suggests peroxidase may be involved in the rapid conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone in the adrenal gland. The adrenal gland produces sex hormones like progesterone until the ovaries mature, and progesterone levels have been found to fluctuate across the estrous cycle. High peroxidase activity in the adrenal cortex may be correlated with increased progesterone synthesis and secretion.
The aim of the study was to investigate the damage created in tissue by using an in vivo isolated portal ischemia and reperfusion model in the rat liver and the effects of heparin administration on the complement system. A total of 25 male rats weighing 150-290 gr were used in the study. Following anesthesia with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride, the incision area was shaved in all rats except the control group. The portal vein was isolated and clamped, and ischemia and reperfusion created. Two groups were sacrificed at the 24th hour and two at the 48th hour. Heparin was administered to one of the groups sacrificed at the 24th hour and not to the other group, and similarly one of the groups sacrificed at the 48th hour received heparin while the other did not. Biochemical and pathologic parameters were used to evaluate the damage using serum and liver tissue samples from the sacrificed rats. We used the liver GSH, MPO and C3 levels and the serum IL-6 level to evaluate the ischemia and reperfusion damage in the liver tissue. Heparin was shown to decrease the damage occurring after ischemia and reperfusion by decreasing complement activation and the MPO and IL-6 levels while increasing GSH levels as a result of the statistical analysis performed. Heparin was shown to prevent tissue damage after ischemia and reperfusion by decreasing complement activation and inflammation.
This study examined the effects of desloratadine on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Rats were divided into three groups: an ischemia-reperfusion injury group, an ischemia-reperfusion injury group treated with desloratadine, and a sham group. Ovarian tissue was analyzed for markers of oxidative stress and inflammation after ischemia and reperfusion. Results showed that desloratadine significantly reduced oxidative stress markers like MDA and increased antioxidant markers like GSH compared to the ischemia-reperfusion injury group. Desloratadine also decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines like NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Histological analysis revealed that desl
Histochemical Studies of Enzymes in the Adrenal Gland of Rat & Rabbit during ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Administration of ACTH stimulates adrenal secretion of progesterone as well as corticosterone (Resko, 19691; Feder et al., 1969; Feder et al., 1971; Piva et al., 1973). Progesterone is both an obligatory intra-adrenal substrate for corticosterone production and a steroid essential for maintenance of pregnancy. Thus, the regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis during pregnancy has two potentially important aspects: i.) Maintenance of optimal blood levels of corticosterone and ii.)Contributing significant amounts of progesterone to the total maternal pool. Since the extended luteotrophic function of ovary in rat & mice during pregnancy is related to the Peroxidase-Ascorbate system (Agrawal, P. & Laloraya, M.M. 1979). It appears likely that synthesis of progesterone under the action of ACTH during pregnancy may be controlled by a similar mechanism as reported for LH in the ovary, thus causing increased synthesis and secretion of the Progesterone and corticosteroids from the adrenal gland.
This study investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on asprosin and meteorin-like protein (METRNL) levels in a rat model of lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion injury. Rats were divided into five groups: a control group, sham surgery group, NAC treatment group, ischemia-reperfusion injury group, and ischemia-reperfusion injury plus NAC treatment group. Serum and tissue levels of asprosin and METRNL were measured after 120 minutes of reperfusion. The results showed that asprosin and METRNL levels were lower in the ischemia-reperfusion injury group compared to controls, but higher in the ischemia-reperfusion injury plus NAC treatment group compared
STUDIES OF PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF RATTUS NORVEGICUS...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
The effects of Annona muricata fruit pulp extract have been observed which
confirms its activity against experimentally induced non-cancerous tumor.
The prostate gland provides the semen with vitamins and other nutrients thus,
maintaining its vitality during the journey up the female reproductive tract.
Diseases of the prostate gland, affect millions of people the world over,
decreasing their quality of life. Benign prostate hyperplasia, BPH, is the
medical term used to describe an enlarged prostate. It means a noncancerous
enlargement of the prostate gland. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a
progressive condition characterised by prostate enlargement accompanied by
lower urinary tract symptoms. This study follows an experimental design in
which a total of fifty five male wistar albino rats were used. These rats were
grouped into five main groups, three of these groups were further sub-divided
into three sub-groups of five rats each. The groups include; Hormone
Control, HC, five rats, Vehicle Control, VC, five rats, Test Group, TG, which
is further divided into three sub-groups of five ats each, TGa, TGb, and TGc,
Vehicle + soursop, VS, which is further divided into three sub-groups of five
rats each, VSa, VSb, and VSc and then Soursop Control, SC, which is further
divided into three sub-groups of five rats each, bringing the total of groups
and sub-groups to eleven groups. The sub-groups a, b, and c are to be
administered soursop extract at graded doses of 500mg/kg. 1000mg/kg and
2000mg/kg respectively Tumor induction was done by administering
Testosterone Propionate and Estradiol Valerate at 300pg:80µg/kg
subcutaneously in the inguinal region of the rats on alternate days for 21
days. Induction caused a very significant increase in the serum level of
prostate specific antigen (PSA) of the HC group above the normal range in
comparism to that obtained in the VC sub-groups at P≤0.05; while the
Annona muricata extracts at low dose (500mg/kg) reduced the PSA level, the
normal and high dose (1000mg/kg) inhibited (prevented) any increase in the
PSA level.
Three farms experienced adverse reactions in neonatal pigs after ivermectin injections to control mange. Young piglets exhibited central nervous system disturbances like tremors and ataxia. Liver samples from affected piglets contained much higher levels of ivermectin than expected. The overdoses were likely due to treating very young neonates and using large syringes, making accurate dosing impossible. Producers are advised not to inject ivermectin in neonates or to dilute it and use a small syringe if treatment is necessary.
This document outlines the process of egg transplantation, including oocyte recovery, fertilization and culture, and embryo transplant. It discusses these stages in humans and animals like cows and rabbits. For oocyte recovery, eggs are collected directly from the ovaries through stimulation and aspiration. The eggs are then fertilized in culture media and incubated. For embryo transplant, the uterus is prepared and embryos are passed through the cervix into the uterine cavity. Follow up involves pregnancy testing and scans. The document provides details on performing each stage of the process in different species.
1) The study explored the effects of Physalis alkekengi and Alhagi maurorum extracts in ameliorating cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
2) Cisplatin treatment significantly increased serum creatinine and urea levels as well as sodium and potassium excretion, while decreasing creatinine clearance, indicating renal dysfunction.
3) Oral administration of P. alkekengi or A. maurorum extracts for 10 days after cisplatin treatment reduced serum creatinine and urea levels and improved sodium and potassium excretion and creatinine clearance, demonstrating protective effects against cisplatin-induced kidney damage.
BASIC STEPS IN IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF)Wasiu Adeseji
The document summarizes the basic steps in in vitro fertilization (IVF). It begins with pituitary suppression and ovarian hyperstimulation to develop multiple follicles. Mature eggs are then retrieved from the ovaries through transvaginal ultrasound-guided needle aspiration. Sperm is collected and prepared for fertilization through sperm washing. The eggs and sperm are then fertilized through either insemination or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The fertilized eggs are cultured for 2-6 days until embryo transfer into the uterus. Success rates vary based on factors like maternal age but average live birth rates in the US range from about 30-40% per cycle for women under 35.
In vivo evaluation techniques, for Antifertility agent/activityswapniltirmanwar
"Here are a few techniques that can be used for in vivo study of antifertility drugs in an invoice format.""Here are a few techniques that can be used for in vivo study of antifertility drugs for study ."
1) The study evaluated the effect of prolonged high-dose tibolone treatment on the vaginas of ovariectomized rats.
2) Histological analysis found the tibolone group had significantly thicker vaginal epithelium, more blood vessels, mast cells, and proliferating cells compared to the control group.
3) The results suggest high-dose long-term tibolone reverses vaginal atrophy in ovariectomized rats without causing dysplasia or tumors in the vagina.
Protective Effect of β-Carotene Extracted From the Cyanobacterium Oscillatori...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
1. The study examined morphological changes in the ovine cervix in response to sex steroids using confocal microscopy. Ovariectomized ewes were treated with various sex steroid combinations and their cervical morphology was compared to intact ewes at different reproductive stages.
2. Confocal microscopy allowed visualization of subcellular changes in cervical epithelium associated with alterations in progesterone and estradiol levels. Differences in nuclear size, distribution and density could be detected between treatment groups.
3. The results demonstrate that confocal microscopy has potential for detecting hormonally-induced cellular changes in the cervix and may help diagnose cervical conditions.
Respiratory and reproduction pharmacology ManjuJhakhar
This document summarizes animal models used in respiratory and reproductive pharmacology. For respiratory pharmacology, it describes in vitro tests including histamine receptor binding and effects on isolated organs. It also describes various in vivo tests in anesthetized guinea pigs to assess bronchospasmolytic activity. For reproduction pharmacology, it discusses models to evaluate inhibition of fertility and gonadotropin secretion, including suppressing organ weights in rats treated with steroids.
This study explored whether the compound Rhein can inhibit stress in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria caused by acute myocardial infarction through activating the PI3K/Akt/ERK signaling pathway. A rat model of myocardial infarction was used. Rats treated with Rhein showed improved cardiac function and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis compared to untreated rats. Rhein was found to inhibit expression of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial proteins associated with stress and apoptosis, while elevating expression of proteins in the PI3K/Akt/ERK pathway. The results suggest Rhein can protect against myocardial damage from infarction by reducing endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial dysfunction through this signaling pathway.
This study investigated the protective effects of carvacrol on testicular damage caused by experimental testicular torsion-detorsion in rats. The study consisted of 4 groups of rats: a control group, a torsion group, a torsion-detorsion group, and a torsion-detorsion group treated with carvacrol. Histopathological analysis found increased damage in spermatogenic cells and decreased antioxidant levels in the torsion and torsion-detorsion groups compared to the control and carvacrol groups. Immunohistochemical staining showed increased endothelin-1 expression in the torsion and detorsion groups but not in the carvacrol group. The results suggest that carvacrol may prevent
The study investigated the effects of methoxychlor (MXC), an organochlorine pesticide, on liver and kidney function in rats and the potential protective effects of propolis. Rats were exposed to MXC, propolis, or both for 6 or 12 months. MXC exposure significantly increased liver enzymes and oxidative stress markers in the liver and caused histological damage. It also increased kidney dysfunction biomarkers and caused tubular degeneration. Co-administration of propolis with MXC ameliorated many of the toxic effects of MXC on the liver and kidney, decreasing oxidative stress and normalizing biomarker levels. The study suggests that propolis has protective effects against MXC-induced toxicity in
Similar to Effect of finadyne on oestradiol induced ovarian oxytocin MSD Finca Productiva Salud Del Hato (20)
Este documento discute la necesidad de combatir los parásitos en el ganado debido a los daños que causan y las pérdidas económicas que generan. Explica el ciclo de vida de los parásitos y las condiciones óptimas para su desarrollo. También describe programas de desparasitación estratégicos y tácticos, haciendo énfasis en el uso de Panacur debido a su eficacia contra diferentes etapas del ciclo de vida de los parásitos y su seguridad para el ganado y la
Fasciola hepatica epidemiologia y control fp MSD Salud Animal salud Antiparas...MSD Salud Animal
El documento resume el ciclo de vida de Fasciola hepática, que incluye etapas dentro del huésped intermediario (caracol) y definitivo (rumiantes). Las condiciones ambientales adecuadas como alta precipitación y suelos mal drenados permiten la reproducción del caracol y la propagación del parásito. Esto puede causar infecciones masivas o crónicas en los animales con pérdidas económicas. El control integrado involucra fasciolicidas, manejo del huésped y molusquicidas, así
Control integrado de garrapatas fp MSD Salud Animal salud Antiparasitarios MSD Salud Animal
El documento habla sobre el control integrado de garrapatas. Menciona que el control integrado consiste en usar varios métodos de control combinados para reducir costos y lograr un mejor control que cada método individual. Algunos de los métodos mencionados incluyen realizar tratamientos estratégicos basados en el umbral de daño, usar ganado resistente, eliminar animales susceptibles, rotación de potreros y el uso de vacunas y hongos entomopatógenos para el control de garrapatas.
Control de las moscas del ganado msd fp MSD Salud Animal salud Antiparasitarios MSD Salud Animal
Este documento describe estrategias para el control de moscas que afectan al ganado bovino, incluyendo la mosca de los establos y la mosca de los cuernos. Explica sus ciclos de vida, métodos de control como el cultural, mecánico, biológico y químico utilizando insecticidas. También recomienda realizar controles tácticos y estratégicos basados en los niveles de infestación, alternando entre tratamientos con productos como Garafós, Butox y Expert para reducir las poblaciones
Mayores Ganancias
El documento habla sobre las soluciones estratégicas para el control de parásitos en el ganado con el fin de aumentar la producción animal. Explica que los parásitos causan grandes pérdidas económicas al ganadero y amenazan la seguridad alimentaria mundial. Propone enfocar esfuerzos en el control de parásitos en animales jóvenes usando tratamientos estratégicos como inyectables y orales de forma simultánea con otros programas sanitarios. Finalmente, resalta
Este documento describe brevemente el impacto económico de los parásitos en bovinos. Discuten las pérdidas causadas por garrapatas como Boophilus microplus, que transmiten enfermedades como babesiosis y anaplasmosis. También cubre los efectos de nematodos gastrointestinales y pulmonares. Finalmente, ofrece algunos ejemplos de estudios que cuantifican las pérdidas en términos de ganancia de peso y producción de leche debido a parásitos.
El documento describe dos enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas y moscas en ganado: babesiosis y anaplasmosis. Estas enfermedades se transmiten cuando las garrapatas u otros insectos chupan sangre infectada y luego pican a otros animales. El documento también resume varios métodos para el control de estas enfermedades, incluido el control de vectores, tratamientos farmacéuticos y vacunación. Finalmente, analiza algunos medicamentos comunes como Revevet, Imizol y Berenil que se usan para tratar babesiosis y anap
Este documento discute la necesidad de luchar contra los parásitos en el ganado debido a los daños económicos que causan. Los parásitos dañan los sistemas digestivo y respiratorio de los animales a través de acciones mecánicas, tóxicas y depredadoras. Se describen las condiciones óptimas para el desarrollo de las larvas de los parásitos. También se explica cómo los pastizales se pueden contaminar rápidamente con huevos de parásitos y cómo esto afecta negativamente la product
El documento resume el ciclo de vida de Fasciola hepática, que incluye etapas dentro del huésped intermediario (caracol) y definitivo (rumiantes). Las condiciones ambientales adecuadas como alta precipitación y suelos mal drenados permiten la reproducción del caracol y la propagación del parásito. Esto puede causar infecciones masivas o crónicas en los animales con pérdidas económicas. El control integrado involucra fasciolicidas, manejo del huésped y control biológico del
El documento habla sobre el control integrado de garrapatas. Menciona que el control integrado consiste en usar varios métodos de control combinados para reducir costos y lograr un mejor control que cada método individual. Entre los objetivos del control integrado se encuentran el manejo racional de garrapaticidas, retrasar la aparición de resistencia, menor riesgo de residuos y menor impacto ambiental. Algunos de los métodos de control integrado mencionados incluyen determinar el umbral de daño, tratamientos estratégicos, uso de ganado res
Este documento describe estrategias para el control de moscas que afectan al ganado bovino, incluyendo la mosca de los establos y la mosca de los cuernos. Explica sus ciclos de vida, métodos de control como el cultural, mecánico, biológico y químico utilizando insecticidas. También recomienda realizar controles tácticos y estratégicos basados en los niveles de infestación, alternando entre tratamientos con productos como Garafós, Butox y Expert para reducir las poblaciones
El documento presenta información sobre el impacto económico de los parásitos en bovinos. Aborda las pérdidas causadas por garrapatas como Boophilus microplus y las enfermedades que transmiten como babesiosis y anaplasmosis. También analiza los efectos directos como la pérdida de sangre y estrés, e indirectos como disminución de la producción de leche y ganancia de peso. Finalmente, ofrece estimaciones de las pérdidas económicas anuales causadas por estos parásitos en países como México y
El documento describe dos enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas y moscas en ganado: babesiosis y anaplasmosis. Estas enfermedades se transmiten cuando las garrapatas u otros insectos chupan sangre infectada y luego pican a otros animales. El documento también resume varios métodos para el control de estas enfermedades, incluido el control de vectores, tratamientos farmacéuticos y vacunación. Finalmente, analiza algunos medicamentos comunes como Revevet, Imizol y Berenil que se usan para tratar babesiosis y anap
El documento presenta información sobre el impacto económico de los parásitos en bovinos. Aborda las pérdidas causadas por garrapatas como Boophilus microplus y las enfermedades que transmiten como babesiosis y anaplasmosis. También analiza los efectos directos como la pérdida de sangre y estrés, e indirectos como disminución de la producción de leche y ganancia de peso. Finalmente, ofrece estimaciones de las pérdidas económicas anuales causadas por estos parásitos en países como México y
El documento describe dos enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas y moscas en ganado: babesiosis y anaplasmosis. Estas enfermedades se transmiten cuando las garrapatas u otros insectos chupan sangre infectada y luego pican a otros animales. El documento también resume varios métodos para el control de estas enfermedades, incluido el control de vectores, tratamientos farmacéuticos y vacunación. Finalmente, analiza algunos medicamentos comunes como Revevet, Imizol y Berenil que se usan para tratar babesiosis y anap
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. 430 H. Y. Al-Matubsi and R. J. Fairclough
inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis using finadyne, which is were placed in heparinized glass tubes and the catheter was
an inhibitor of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway. refilled with heparinized saline (50 iu ml–1).
Ovarian venous blood was collected using the method
described by McCracken et al. (1969). Approximately 5 ml
Materials and Methods
ovarian blood was allowed to drain freely every 30 min
Experimental animals from the open end of the catheter into heparinized 15 ml
graduated centrifuge tubes. The time taken to collect this
Border Leicester Merino ewes (n = 9) were prepared
sample was measured using a stopwatch. Three millilitres of
with ovarian autotransplants as described by Goding et al.
ovarian venous blood were collected at alternate 15 min
(1967). The ewes were housed individually in metabolic
intervals after collection of each 5 ml sample after
cages in a temperature-controlled room (20 C) and were fed
oestradiol injection. Thus, samples were collected every
once a day with 800 g of a pelleted ration consisting of
15 min for determination of hormone concentrations and
hammer milled lucerne (60%) and oats (40%). Water was
every 30 min for determination of blood flow (Lamsa et al.,
available ad libitum. The study was carried out at CSIRO
1989). The blood samples were centrifuged at 1900 g for
Division of Animal Production, Australia. All protocols
15 min. Plasma was collected and stored at –20 C until
were approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethics
assayed for oxytocin and progesterone (ovarian venous
Committees of Victoria University of Technology and the
plasma) or PGFM and oestradiol (jugular venous plasma) by
CSIRO Division of Animal Production.
radioimmunoassay (RIA). Blood flow (ml min–1) was
calculated by measuring the time taken to collect a known
Experimental design
volume of ovarian venous blood. The packed cell volume
As ewes with autotransplanted ovaries do not naturally (PCV) was determined at 1 h intervals and the plasma flow
undergo oestrous cycles, oestrus was induced synchro- (ml min–1) was calculated by multiplying the blood flow by
nously by two injections of 125 µg synthetic PGF2α 100-PCV divided by 100. The secretion rate of oxytocin and
(Estrumate; ICI, Sydney) given 15 days apart. After the progesterone (ng min–1) was obtained by multiplying the
second injection, oestrus was detected by inspection twice plasma flow (ml min–1) by the concentration of hormone in
a day for the presence of crayon marks after mating with a the ovarian venous plasma (ng ml–1).
ram fitted with a sire-o-sine harness (Radford et al., 1960).
The day that the ewes displayed oestrous behaviour Hormone analysis
was designated day 0. On day 15 of the cycle, all ewes
PGFM assay. Plasma PGFM concentrations were
were injected i.m. with 50 µg oestradiol benzoate
measured by RIA (Burgess et al., 1990) with a sensitivity of
(Intervet, Sydney) in peanut oil. In addition, four of
8 pg ml–1. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation
these ewes were injected i.m. with 2.2 mg kg–1 of the
were 8 and 11%, respectively.
prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, finadyne (Allhank
Trading Company, Melbourne) at 3 h intervals starting at
Oestradiol assay. The concentration of oestradiol was
the time of oestradiol injection. The remaining five ewes
measured in peripheral blood plasma by RIA (Burgess et al.,
received vehicle only.
1990) with a sensitivity of 7 pg ml–1. The samples were
measured in a single assay and the intra-assay coefficient of
Cannulation of jugular and ovarian veins
variation was 4.7%.
Cannulations were carried out under local anaesthesia
(10% lignocaine hydrochloride spray: xylocaine; Astra Progesterone assay. Progesterone was assayed in 100 µl
Pharmaceuticals, Sydney) as described by McCracken et al. ovarian plasma extracted with 2 ml n-hexane (Crown
(1969) at least 24 h before the start of blood sampling. In Scientific, Victoria) according to the method of Rice et al.
brief, a polyvinyl catheter was inserted into the jugular vein (1986). The sensitivity of the assay was 0.25 ng ml–1. The
exteriorized in the skin loop to cannulate the ovarian vein. samples were measured in a single assay and the intra-assay
The tip of the catheter was positioned at the junction of the coefficient of variation was 7%.
ovarian and jugular veins. An additional polyvinyl catheter
(50 cm) was inserted into the contralateral jugular vein. The Oxytocin assay. Plasma oxytocin concentrations were
catheters were filled with heparinized saline (1000 iu ml–1). measured by RIA as described by Al-Matubsi et al. (1997).
The sensitivity of the assay was 16 pg ml–1, and the intra-
Blood sampling and interassay coefficients of variation were 6 and 11.9%,
respectively.
On day 15 after oestrus, 5 ml and 3 ml samples of blood
were collected from the ovarian and contralateral jugular
Statistical analysis
veins, respectively, at 30 min intervals for 6 h before
oestradiol or finadyne injections and subsequently at Statistically significant pulses of ovarian vein oxytocin
15 min intervals for up to 9 h after injection. The blood and jugular vein PGFM were determined using a Pulsar
samples (3 ml) collected from the contralateral jugular vein program (Merriam and Wachter, 1982). Assay variability
3. Effects of finadyne on oestradiol-induced secretion of oxytocin and PGF2α during late oestrus 431
(a) was estimated by regression analysis of the standard
3000 60 500 deviation for duplicate determinations and the mean at
55 a
2500 50
400
each point. Baseline was calculated representing the
45
2000 40
contribution of long-term trends (15 h) but not fluctuations
35 300 of shorter duration (30 min). The amplitudes of the ovarian
1500 30
25
oxytocin and peripheral PGFM pulses were calculated by
200
1000 20 subtracting baseline values. The resulting values were then
15
500 10 100 rescaled in terms of standard deviation units by dividing the
5 rescaled values by an estimate of assay variability. The
0 0 0
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 amplitude of the rescaled pulses was identified by applying
height and duration criteria specified by user-defined cut-off
(b) points [G(n)] for pulses. These calculations were repeated
3000 60 500
55 until two iterations produced the same values for pulses or
2500 50
400 until the preset limit of six iterations was completed. The
45
2000 40 quadratic (a), linear (b), and constant (c) terms for Pulsar
35 300 were as follows: for oxytocin: a = 0.00, b = 11.91 and
1500 30
25 200 c = 0.00; and for PGFM: a = 0.00, b = 11.17 and c = 0.00.
1000 20
15
The following G(n) values were selected for both oxytocin
500 10 100 and PGFM pulses: G(1) = 6.5, G(2) = 4.45, G(3) = 3.25,
5
0 0 0 G(4) = 2.57 and G(5) = 2.05. Coincident episodes in the
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 secretion of oxytocin and PGFM were defined as those that
(c) showed an increase in the value of the PGFM pulse at the
same time as a defined oxytocin pulse. The plasma
Progesterone (ng min–1)
3000 60 500
55 a secretion rates of oxytocin and concentrations of PGFM
2500 50
PGFM (pg ml–1)
400
Oxytocin (ng min–1)
45 pulses were expressed in ng min–1 and pg ml–1, respectively,
2000 40
35 300 and the duration of that pulse was designated as τ being the
1500 30 number of minutes between the last time point before and
25 200
1000 20 the first time point after a significant increase in hormone
15
100 concentration as detected by the Pulsar program. The area
500 10
5 under the significant ovarian oxytocin and peripheral PGFM
0 0 0 pulses was then calculated for each ewe and was expressed
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
as (ng min–1) τ and (pg ml–1) τ, respectively. The overall
(d) mean concentration, pulse amplitude and duration of the
3000 60 500
55
ab pulse, and the area under the pulse were obtained using the
2500 50
400 Pulsar analysis program. The values were expressed as
45
2000 40 mean SEM. Individual characteristics of these responses
35 300 and the differences in concentrations of oestrogen and
1500 30
25 200 progesterone were compared using a Student’s unpaired t
1000 20 test. The number of ewes that showed pulses of oxytocin
15
500 10
100 and PGFM after oestradiol or oestradiol plus finadyne
5
0 0 0
injections was compared using a chi-squared test.
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(e) Results
3000 60
a 500
55 The progesterone secretion rate of oestradiol-treated ewes
2500 50
45
400 (679.04 ± 87.98 ng min–1) was not significantly different
2000 40 from that in the oestradiol–finadyne-treated ewes
35 300
1500 30
(762.77 141.76 ng min–1). Progesterone secretion re-
25 200 mained high during the sampling period, indicating the
1000 20
15 presence of a functional corpus luteum in both groups (Figs
100
500 10 1 and 2). In both treated groups, circulating concentrations
5
0 0 0
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
treated with oestradiol only on day 15 after oestrus. a and b indicate
Time (h)
significant episodes in secretion of ovarian oxytocin and PGFM,
Fig. 1. Oxytocin ( ) and progesterone ( ) secretion rates into respectively. : Identifies synchronous episodes of secretion of
ovarian venous plasma and concentrations of peripheral 13,14- both compounds. ⇓: Indicates time of oestradiol injection and ↓
dihydro-15-keto PGF2α (PGFM; ) from individual ewes (a–e) indicates times of injection of finadyne vehicle (control).
4. 432 H. Y. Al-Matubsi and R. J. Fairclough
(a) The effect of intramuscular injections of oestradiol only
3000 60
b
500 and oestradiol plus finadyne on peripheral PGFM
55
2500 50 concentrations and ovarian oxytocin secretion are shown
400
45 (Figs 1 and 2, respectively). The mean basal ovarian
2000 40
35 300 oxytocin secretion rate for oestradiol–finadyne-treated ewes
1500 30
(0.47 0.09 ng min–1) was not significantly different from
25 200
1000 20 that in oestradiol-treated ewes (0.50 0.16 ng min–1).
15
500 10
100 During the first 6 h of the sampling period, before the
5 oestrogen and finadyne injections, the mean amplitude
0 0 0
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(6.57 1.39 ng min–1) and the mean area under the curve
(2.33 0.88 ng min–1) τ for the ovarian oxytocin pulses in
(b) oestradiol–finadyne-treated ewes were not significantly
3000 60 500
55
a different from those in oestradiol-treated ewes
2500 50
400 (10.17 3.23 ng min–1 and 10.68 3.31 ng min–1 τ,
45
2000 40 respectively).
35 300 Administration of oestradiol plus finadyne to ovarian
1500 30
25 200 autotransplanted ewes on day 15 of the oestrous cycle
1000 20 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of ewes
Progesterone (ng min–1)
15
500 10 100 PGFM (pg ml–1) showing pulses of oxytocin (n = 0 versus n = 5) and PGFM
Oxytocin (ng min–1)
5
0 0 0 (n = 0 versus n = 5) when compared with ewes treated with
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 oestradiol only. None of the oestradiol–finadyne-treated
(c)
ewes showed significant pulses in ovarian oxytocin
3000 60 500 secretion after injection. In oestradiol-treated ewes, at least
55 one detectable pulse of ovarian oxytocin was observed after
2500 50
45 400 oestrogen injection. The mean amplitude (17.7 7.29 ng
2000 40
35 300 min–1) of these pulses was not significantly different from
1500 30 those measured before oestrogen injection (10.17
25 200
1000 20
3.23 ng min–1). However, a significant (P < 0.05) increase
15
100 in the area under the curve for ovarian oxytocin secretion
pulses (30.57 7.3 ng min–1) τ was observed after
500 10
5
0 0 0 oestrogen injection when compared with samples collected
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0
before injection (10.68 3.31 ng min–1) τ. In these ewes,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(d) the ovarian oxytocin pulses were detected at a mean of
3000 60
a
500 5.05 0.37 h and the mean inter-pulse interval was
55
2500 50
3.36 0.45 h. In oestradiol-treated ewes, administration of
400
45 oestrogen significantly (P < 0.05) increased the duration of
2000 40
35 300 ovarian oxytocin pulses (54 5.5 versus 26.25 7.2 min)
1500 30 compared with corresponding values measured before
25 200
1000 20 oestrogen injection.
15 None of the oestradiol–finadyne-treated ewes and all of
500 10
100
5 the ewes treated with oestradiol only showed significant
0 0 0 pulses of PGFM in peripheral plasma after oestradiol or
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
finadyne injections. Mean basal circulating concentrations
Time (h)
of PGFM were significantly (P < 0.05) different in
Fig. 2. Oxytocin ( ) and progesterone ( ) secretion rates into
oestradiol–finadyne-treated ewes (14.55 3.0 pg ml–1)
ovarian venous plasma and concentrations of peripheral 13,14-
dihydro-15-keto PGF2α (PGFM; ) from individual ewes (a–d)
compared with ewes that received oestrogen only
treated with oestradiol–finadyne on day 15 after oestrus. a and b (28.45 2.10 pg ml–1) over the sampling period.
indicate significant episodes in secretion of ovarian oxytocin and In oestradiol-treated ewes, at least one detectable pulse
PGFM, respectively. : Identifies synchronous episodes of in plasma PGFM concentration was observed after
secretion of both compounds. ⇓ and ↓: Indicate times of oestradiol injection. The mean amplitude of these pulses
and finadyne injections, respectively. (237.18 43.13 pg ml–1) was not significantly different
from those measured before oestrogen injection
of oestradiol were significantly (P < 0.001) higher during (176.16 68.37 pg ml–1). However, there was a significant
the 9 h after oestradiol injection compared with the 6 h (P < 0.05) increase in the area under the curve
period before oestradiol injection (21.48 1.14 versus (1062.11 309.67 versus 302.65 128.91 pg ml–1) τ and
9.99 0.89 and 18.66 1.29 versus 10.66 1.0 pg ml–1, duration of the pulse (109.5 16.65 versus 36 6 min) of
respectively). the PGFM response measured in peripheral plasma
5. Effects of finadyne on oestradiol-induced secretion of oxytocin and PGF2α during late oestrus 433
collected after oestrogen injection compared with samples the absence of luteal oxytocin release. Hooper et al. (1986)
collected before injection. Plasma PGFM pulses were reported that, in ewes, 56% of oxytocin pulses were
observed in all ewes treated with oestradiol only at > 4 h coincident with pulses in uterine PGF2α and 97% of all
after injection. pulses of uterine PGF2α release were accompanied or
During the sampling period, 62.5% of ovarian oxytocin followed by pulses of oxytocin in the ovarian vein. In the
pulses were associated with, or preceded, the increase in present study, the percentage of PGFM pulses that occurred
peripheral PGFM concentrations. In contrast, 46.15% of the immediately before or coincided with a significant increase
plasma PGFM pulses occurred immediately before or in ovarian oxytocin pulses was decreased (46.15%) by
coincided with a significant increase in the ovarian administration of oestradiol. Thus, the present study
oxytocin pulses. reaffirms the findings of Zhang et al. (1991), who reported
similar effects of oestradiol administered to ewes treated
with either sham or X-irradiated ovarian follicles.
Discussion
The mechanism by which oestrogen stimulates ovarian
In this study, ovarian autotransplanted ewes were used as a oxytocin and uterine PGF2α release is not fully understood.
model to determine whether oestrogen acts to stimulate Oestrogen may act indirectly, perhaps via the uterus, to
release of ovarian oxytocin directly or indirectly via release release PGF2α, which, in turn, could stimulate ovarian
of PGF2α, which in turn stimulates ovarian oxytocin. The oxytocin release. Such a mechanism of action is unlikely to
concentrations of oxytocin in ovarian venous plasma were have occurred in the present study as PGF2α would need to
20–1403 pg ml–1 in the present study, which are similar to act through the systemic circulation to stimulate ovarian
those detected by Hooper et al. (1986) in the utero–ovarian oxytocin and it has been shown that 99% of PGF2α is
vein (50–1499 pg ml–1) and were much higher than those in cleared from blood after one passage through the lungs
peripheral plasma (20–220 pg ml–1; Hooper et al., 1986). (Piper et al., 1970). However, using ewes with ovarian
Together, these observations indicate that, in the present autotransplants does not necessarily preclude the possibility
study, oxytocin in ovarian venous plasma represents luteal that the effects of oestrogen and finadyne are mediated
rather than posterior pituitary secretion. through uterine release of PGF2α, as PGFM is known to
As would be expected in ovarian autotransplanted ewes stimulate luteal oxytocin–neurophysin secretion (Watkins
(Goding et al., 1967), the secretion of progesterone and Moore, 1987). Another possibility is that the corpus
remained high in both groups, indicating that the corpus luteum of ewes bearing ovarian autotransplants becomes
luteum of the transplanted ovary is maintained despite hypersensitive to low concentrations of PGF2α in the
intermittent surges of peripheral plasma PGFM in all ewes absence of normal basal concentrations from the adjacent
before oestradiol injection and in ewes treated with uterine horn. Such hypersensitivity may allow the corpus
oestradiol only after injection. Our observation that the luteum to release luteal oxytocin in response to even
administration of oestradiol can induce the simultaneous low concentrations of PGF2α that escape degradation by
release of ovarian oxytocin and uterine PGF2α in ovarian the lungs. An alternative site of oestradiol action may
autotransplanted ewes after a latency period of 4 h in all be directly on the ovary to induce ovarian oxytocin
ewes treated with oestradiol only is in agreement with the release. Oestradiol (Glass et al., 1984) and PGF2α (Fitz
study of Al-Matubsi et al. (1997). et al., 1982) receptors have been reported in large luteal
In the present study, synchronous pulses of ovarian cells, which are the sites of oxytocin synthesis (Rodgers
oxytocin and uterine PGF2α were observed during the first et al., 1983). Infusion of oestrogen into the corpus luteum
6 h of the sampling period before oestradiol treatment. causes luteal regression (Cook et al., 1974) and luteal
However, this did not affect subsequent synchronous cells from sheep (Tsai and Wiltbank, 1997) and cows
secretion of these hormones after oestradiol treatment. (Milvae and Hansel, 1983; Tsai et al., 1996) can produce
Thus, the uterine refractoriness to ovarian oxytocin release prostaglandins, such as PGF2α, PGE2 and PGI2. On the basis
and uterine PGF2α secretion can be eliminated as a reason of these findings it is possible that oestrogen stimulates
for variability in timing of the response. The results from the release of ovarian oxytocin through luteal prostaglandins
present study and other studies (Hooper et al., 1986; Al- (or some other metabolite of arachidonic acid) (Cooke
Matubsi et al., 1998) demonstrate that oxytocin pulses in and Ahmed, 1998). However, the physiological role of
utero–ovarian or ovarian venous plasma frequently occur in luteal prostaglandins during the oestrous cycle and the
the absence of any significant increase in utero–ovarian mechanisms controlling its production remain to be
PGF2α or peripheral PGFM concentrations and indicate that elucidated.
ovarian oxytocin can occur independently of uterine Thus, in intact ewes, the initiation of the arachidonic
PGF2α. In contrast, Lamsa et al. (1989) observed that uterine acid cascade is of importance for the secretion of oxytocin
PGF2α secretion into the utero–ovarian vein begins to after oestrogen treatment.
increase before the discharge of luteal oxytocin. Mann
(1999) demonstrated that normal frequency of episodes of The authors would like to thank J. Downing for helping with
PGF2α release, with lower amplitude and of longer cannulation of the animals and K. Tellbach for assisting with the
duration, can occur at the anticipated time of luteolysis in collection of blood samples.
6. 434 H. Y. Al-Matubsi and R. J. Fairclough
References McCracken JA, Uno A, Goding JR, Ichikawa Y and Baird DT (1969) The in-
vivo effects of sheep pituitary gonadotrophins on the secretion of
Al-Matubsi HY, Downing J, Jenkin G and Fairclough R (1997) Effect of
steroids by the autotransplanted ovary of the ewe Journal of
oestradiol on ovarian oxytocin secretion rate and luteolysis in the ewe
Endocrinology 45 425–440
after ovarian auto-transplantation Reproduction, Fertility and Mann GE (1999) The role of luteal oxytocin in episodic secretion of
Development 9 683–688 prostaglandin F2α at luteolysis in the ewe Animal Reproduction Science
Al-Matubsi HY, Downing J, Jenkin G and Fairclough R (1998) Stimulation 57 167–175
of ovarian oxytocin secretion and uterine prostaglandin release by Merriam GR and Wachter KW (1982) Algorithms for the study of episodic
exogenous progesterone early in the cycle of the ovarian auto- hormone secretion American Journal of Physiology 243 E310–E318
transplanted ewe Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 112 279–288 Milvae RA and Hansel W (1983) Prostacyclin, prostaglandin F2α and
Burgess KM, Ralph MM, Jenkin G and Thorburn GD (1990) Effect of
progesterone production by bovine luteal cells during the estrous cycle
oxytocin and oestradiol on uterine prostaglandin release in non- Biology of Reproduction 29 1063–1068
pregnant and early pregnant ewes Biology of Reproduction 42 822–833 Piper PJ, Vane JR and Wyllie JH (1970) Inactivation of prostaglandins by the
Cook B, Karsch FJ, Foster DL and Nalbandov AV (1974) Estrogen-induced
lungs Nature 225 600–604
luteolysis in the ewe: possible sites of action Endocrinology 94 Radford HH, Watson RH and Wood GF (1960) A crayon and associated
1197–1201
harness for the detection of mating under field conditions Australian
Cooke RG and Ahmed N (1998) Delayed luteolysis after intra-uterine Veterinary Journal 36 57–66
infusion of nordihydroguaiaretic acid in the ewe Animal Reproduction Rice GE, Jenkin G and Thorburn GD (1986) Comparison of particle-
Science 52 113–121 associated progesterone and oxytocin in the ovine corpus luteum
Fitz TA, Mayan MH, Sawyer HR and Niswender GD (1982) Journal of Endocrinology 108 109–116
Characterization of two steroidogenic cell types in the ovine corpus Richard S and Zingg HH (1990) The human oxytocin gene promoter is
luteum Biology of Reproduction 27 703–711 regulated by estrogens Journal of Biological Chemistry 265 6098–6103
Flint APF and Sheldrick EL (1982) Ovarian secretion of oxytocin is Rodgers RJ, O’Shea JD, Frindly JK, Flint APF and Sheldrick EL (1983) Large
stimulated by prostaglandin Nature 297 587–588 luteal cells the source of oxytocin in the sheep Endocrinology 113
Glass JD, Fitz TA and Niswender GD (1984) Cytosolic receptor for 2302–2304
oestradiol in the corpus luteum of the ewe: variation throughout the Tsai SJ and Wiltbank MC (1997) Prostaglandin F2α induces expression of
oestrous cycle and distribution between large and small steroidogenic prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 in the ovine corpus luteum, a potential
cell types Biology of Reproduction 31 967–974 positive feedback loop during luteolysis Biology of Reproduction 57
Goding JR, McCracken JA and Baird DT (1967) The study of ovarian 1016–1022
function in the ewe by means of a vascular autotransplantation Tsai SJ, Wiltbank MC and Bodensteiner KJ (1996) Distinct mechanisms
technique Journal of Endocrinology 39 37–52 regulate induction of messenger ribonucleic acid for prostaglandin G/H
Hooper SB, Watkins WB and Thorburn GD (1986) Oxytocin, oxytocin-
synthase-2, PGE (EP3) receptor, and PGF2α receptor in bovine
associated neurophysin and prostaglandin concentrations in the utero- preovulatory follicles Endocrinology 137 3348–3355
ovarian vein in pregnant and non pregnant sheep Endocrinology 119 Watkins WB and Moore LG (1987) Effect of systemic intravenous infusion
2590–2597
of PGF2α and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α on the release of oxytocin-
Jacobs DSC, Edgerton LA, Silvia WL and Schillo KK (1988) Effect of an associated neurophysin from the ovary in the ewe Journal of
estrogen antagonist (tamoxifen) on cloprostenol-induced luteolysis in Reproduction and Fertility 80 105–112
heifers Journal of Animal Science 66 735–742 Zhang J, Weston PG and Hixon JE (1991) Influence of oestradiol on the
Karsch FJ, Noveroske JW, Roche JF, Norton HW and Nalbandov AV (1970)
secretion of oxytocin and prostaglandin during luteolysis in the ewe
Maintenance of ovine corpora lutea in the absence of ovarian follicles Biology of Reproduction 45 395–403
Endocrinology 87 1228–1236
Lamsa JC, Knot SJ, Eldering JA, Nay MG and McCracken JA (1989)
Prostaglandin F2α stimulated release of ovarian oxytocin in the sheep in
vivo: threshold and dose dependency Biology of Reproduction 40 Received 22 May 2000.
1215–1223 Accepted 16 October 2000.