The document discusses a study that evaluated the effect of dietary organic selenium supplementation on rumen microbes and enzyme activities in goats. The study found that high concentrate diets and selenium supplementation increased short chain fatty acid concentrations and microbial populations in the rumen compared to goats on a basal diet only. While there were no significant differences between just the high concentrate diet and the high concentrate diet with selenium, rumen fermentation patterns were slightly better with selenium addition. The study concludes that selenium supplementation can improve rumen fermentation when goats are fed high concentrate diets.

2. TITLE
EFFECT OF DIETARY ORGANIC SELENIUM
SUPPLEMENTATION ON MASS AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES
OF RUMEN MICROBES OF GOAT
BISMILLAH KHAN
REG. No: 2K20-BP-003
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
FACULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCES
SINDH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY TANDOJAM
2023

3. SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE
• SUPERVISOR DR. JAMILA SOOMRO
• CO-SUPERVISOR-I DR. MOOLCHAND MALHI
• CO-SUPERVISOR-II DR. GULFAM ALI MUGHAL

4. INTRODUCTION

5. INTRODUCTION

6. INTRODUCTION
SCFA pH Acidosis
Growth & production
High concentrate feeding
For Short term
High concentrate feeding
For Long term
Plays an important rule in Antioxidation defense
system, And is integral part of (glutathione
peroxidase) GSH-PX
Helps in Resistance of cell membrane protection
from oxidative damage
Also helps in Growth &
Production performance of
Ruminants
Is Biological Trace
Element

7. Objectives
•To evaluate the effect of dietary organic Se
supplementation on microbial count, SCFA
concentrations and pH in ruminal fluid of goat.
•To assess the effect of dietary organic Se
supplementation on activities of microbial enzymes in
ruminal fluid of goat.

8. MATERIALS AND METHODS

9. Adaptation period
2-3 weeks
Collection of Rumen fluid
SCFA & pH
Formaline Saline Solution
18 Goats
Experiment
last for 8 weeks
Microbial count Enzymes
HC+ SeY=6 goats
Basal diet +High
concentrate+ SeY@
0.3mg/kg feed
LC=6 goats
Basal diet only
HC=6 goats
Basal diet +High
concentrate
Chromatography
Digital pH
metery
Method described by Brar., et
al (2002) Veterinary clinical
diagnosis laboratory method
Kit Method

10. Table 1. Chemical composition of experimental ration fed to
goats (% on DM basis)
Chemical composition Concentrate Hay
Moisture 12.98 10.85
Salt (NaCl) % 0.38 0.23
Crude protein, % DM 16.66 10.12
Crude fat, % DM 10.75 6.70
Crude fiber, % DM 9.23 19.82
Crude ash, % DM 8.15 11.06
Gross energy (Kcal) 4053.09 3446.35
The concentrate was composed of ground corn, soybean meal, cottonseed bran, wheat
bran, fish meal, limestone, salt and vitamin premix (vitamin A, D and E).

11. RESULTS

12. Table 2. Determination of Ruminal SCFA concentration and
pH
Items Treatment
LC HC HC+SeY LSD
Acetate (mmol) 43.52 ±0.46b 58.26± 1.05a 57.63 ±0.69a 2.168
Propionate (mmol) 20.16±0 5b 29.60±0 .73a 28.75±0 .77a 2.253
Butyrate (mmol) 8.78 ±0.26b 13.02±0.54a 11.94±0 .39a 1.396
TSCFA(mmol) 72.47± 1.03b 100.25 ±0.06a 99.40±0 .30a 2.175
pH 6.93 ±0.03a 5.96±0 .11b 6.03 ±0.06b 0.280
We analyzed rumen fluid of the goats to determine the effect of HC diet and selenium
on SCFA concentrations. The concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total
short chain fatty acids (TSCFA) were significantly icreased in HC and HC+SeY group as
compared to LC group
The pH of ruminal fluid was significantly decreased in HC and HC+SeY groups as
compared to LC On the other hand,there was no significant differences found in the
SCFA concentration and pH between HC and HC+SeY groups

13. Items Treatment
LC HC HC+SeY LSD
Large 2.83±0.16b 11.27± 0.47a 10.60 ±0.25a 0.901
Medium 9.93± 0.21b 66.61 ± 6.43a 56.02±3.24a 10.87
Small 113.61± 1.52b 141.05± 3.98a 146.17± 5.64a 10.84
Table 3. Population of large, medium and small protozoa in fresh rumen fluid
Items Treatment
LC HC HC+SeY LSD
Protozoa 483094±29611b 654191±5773.5a 740289±38116a 92363
Table 4. Population of protozoa count from stained slides of rumen fluid

14. Table 5. Ruminal Enzymatic Activities
Items Treatment
LC HC HC+SeY LSD
Urease 7.02±0.05b 7.35±0.02a 7.40±0.05a 0.1130
Cellulase 415.03±5.92b 431.37±0.62a 433.53±0.33a 10.342
Protease 0.18±0.27b 0.25±0.89a 0.26±0.87a 0.018
Amylase 139.65±2.50b 145.25±0.34a 145.88±0.15a 4.390
Lipase 0.98±0.04b 1.13±0.03a 1.20±0.23a 0.086
Items Treatment
LC HC HC+SeY LSD
Bacteria 62×1010±0.8786b 82×1010±0.5367a 83×1010±0.3183a 1.9851
Table 6. Ruminal bacterial count

15. CONCLUSION

16. Conclusion
 Ruminal SCFA concentration increased and pH decreased
in rumen of HC and HC+SeY goats compared with LC.
 Microbial population and enzymatic activities increased in
rumen of HC and HC+SeY goats compared with LC.
 Though there was non-significant difference b/w HC and
HC+SeY but the rumen fermentation pattern was slightly
better in goats fed HC diet with Se-Y.

17. Recommendations
Since Se Supplementation with high concentrate diet
improved ruminal fermentation therefore the Se addition in
diet should be ensured.
 Further studies may be carried out at molecular levels to
understand the role of Se in ruminants.

18. PICTURES GALLERY