Energy and Water Nexus: Mary Ann Dickinson
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Nearly half of total U.S. water withdrawals are used for power plant cooling, amounting to 201 billion gallons per day. Irrigation accounts for 31% of freshwater withdrawals, while public supply and industrial/mining use 11% and 6% respectively. Producing and delivering energy requires significant amounts of water, while supplying water demands large amounts of energy, demonstrating the close linkage between water and energy resources and policies.
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The document discusses the water-energy nexus and Irvine Ranch Water District's (IRWD) efforts to promote greater efficiency. IRWD serves over 500,000 customers across six cities in Orange County, California. Energy costs comprise 12% of IRWD's operating budget, so the agency focuses on water use efficiency, supply diversification, resource recovery, and demand response to reduce energy usage. IRWD also generates some of its own power and partners with other utilities to implement cost-effective projects. The document calls for engaging with state regulators on policies that encourage water and energy agencies to adopt renewable energy and pursue infrastructure funding to further improve efficiencies.
Discovery Day Gower
This document summarizes a research project exploring the relationship between water availability and small-scale agricultural systems near Mount Kenya. The research examines how hydrologic variability is offset by irrigation using river water, which supports a range of agricultural operations. It also investigates the potential impacts of climate change on water availability and livelihoods in the area. The research questions guiding the study examine current and past irrigation use, populations dependent on irrigation for livelihoods, and factors affecting the resilience of dryland agriculture. The ongoing work involves stream gauging, isotopic sampling, and the development of a socio-hydrologic model to evaluate outcomes of climate and land use change on total crop yields.
EcologicalFootprintBiocapacityOfCalifornia_2013
California has a significant ecological deficit, using over five times as much biocapacity as is available within the state. Carbon emissions account for 73% of California's footprint. While California's per capita footprint is lower than the national average, its biocapacity per person is much lower due to its high population density and dry climate. Even though California has productive agriculture, fishing, and forestry, most of the biocapacity from these sectors is exported, while the products consumed are largely imported.
The water energy nexus - a marriage of convenience
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The water-energy nexus - A marriage of convenience
The document discusses the water-energy nexus, which is the relationship between the water used for energy production and the energy required for water extraction, treatment, and distribution. It notes that all forms of energy production use water directly or indirectly, while energy is needed to access and purify water. The document then provides examples of how droughts and heat waves have disrupted energy production by reducing hydroelectric output or limiting cooling water availability for other power plants. It concludes by stating that integrated management of water and energy resources is needed and that nexus issues should be considered regarding biofuels, electric vehicles, environment, climate change, economics, society, and food security.
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California is facing increasing water scarcity due to droughts exacerbated by climate change and a growing population. Desalination of seawater and brackish water, combined with current water sources, could help mitigate the effects while being more environmentally safe and secure compared to existing water projects. The largest desalination plant in the Western Hemisphere is under construction in Carlsbad, California and will provide 50 million gallons per day when complete. Israel overcame drought issues through heavy investment in desalination and water recycling after a seven-year drought. Diversifying California's water supply through desalination and other technologies is necessary to ensure a reliable supply for the future in a sustainable way.
OzFlux presentation
The OzFlux network aims to measure carbon, water and energy fluxes across Australian ecosystems. It operates numerous flux stations collecting hourly data on variables like radiation, temperature, and carbon uptake. This allows analysis of ecosystem functioning, carbon and water balances, and responses to climate change. OzFlux provides consistent, quality data to the research community to advance understanding in these areas. It also engages stakeholders to address questions about key ecosystems and their disturbance by factors like clearing and fire.
An IChemE Green Paper - Getting to grips with the water-energy-food Nexus
1) The document discusses how water, energy, and food resources are intrinsically linked as demand for each increases globally. By 2050, the world population is expected to reach over 9 billion people, placing further pressure on these limited and interconnected resources.
2) Chemical engineers can help address this challenge by applying systems thinking approaches like life cycle analysis to understand resource interdependencies and develop sustainable solutions across the water-energy-food nexus.
3) Several case studies are presented that highlight examples where considering interactions between resources (such as using less water in food production or improving energy efficiency in water desalination) can help improve sustainability.
Water H₂OECS 1116 September 2016Donald B. OlsonProb.docx
Water: H₂O
ECS 111
6 September 2016
Donald B. Olson
Problems with Water:
Demise of the Marsh Arabs
What sets the scales for water as a commodity?
What sets the price of water?
How does water quality enter the picture?
Is there a need to protect the price of water for some specific uses?
Does the last question suggest that waters has different worth under free trade?
When does water lead to diplomatic problems including war?
National Geo. Apr. 2010
Water in our Ecosystems: Cont.
Adequate water: Domestic, industrial, agricultural uses, and the rest of nature
Sustainability of water supplies: Future use
Maintenance of water quality: Pollution from natural (salt), industrial/agriculture, domestic sources.
Trans-boundary issues: Sharing water between cities/rural districts, states, countries.
Natural Saline Waters
Colorado River
Sources of fresh water:
Ground water: Aquifers
- Volume (km³), removal rate (km³/sec)
– Issue recharge rates and depletion times
Rivers and streams: Runoff in channels
- Volume transport (km³/sec)
- Downstream water quality
Lakes: Still waters, natural and dam created
- Volume exchange: Residence times
- Water quality and pollution build up
Residence and depletion times:
Residence time:TR Equilibrium (Steady State)
Depletion rates:TD
Rate of resource decay
Problems to consider:
Calculate the residence times for the different water pools in the last lecture (see Tables).
Discuss the assumptions you have to make to turn these global numbers into something that might be useful for policy. (What do you have to assume?)
Choose a lake that you are interested in and work out its water balance.
Calculate a depletion time for an aquifer.
Water Stocks in the Environment
21
From: Chow, Maidment and Mays, Applied Hydrology, McGraw Hill, 1988
Water Fluxes in the Environment
Salinity ~ 35 gm salt/kg sea water; potable water < 19
22
More on freshwater availability
23
Global Water Balance (land)
Rainfall (119,000 km3/yr or 31 in) =
Evapotranspiration (72,000 km3/yr or 19 in) +
Runoff (44,700 km3/yr or 11.7 in) +
Infiltration (2,200 km3/yr or 0.3 in)
Conclusion: the world lives on a “water budget”
24
Stocks and Fluxes
Budgeting of an environmental stock takes place over a period of time (day, month, year, etc).
[Change in Stock] = [Flux In]
- [Flux Out]
+ [Stock created]
- [Stock withdrawn]
25
Rainfall Data
Annual Rainfall in the Continental US, 1895-2003
Source: NOAA (www.noaa.gov)
26
Evaporation
Found by “evaporation pans”
Actual Evaporation =
Pan Evaporation x 0.70
27
Transpiration
Vegetation uptake and release of water for metabolic (growth) purposes
Uptake takes place through the roots
Release takes place through the leaves (stomata)
Vegetation functions as a “pass-through” for water
28
Source: Laio et al., Advances
In Water Resources 24, p. 708,
.
Adapting to Climate Change: Risks & Opporunities in the Upper Delaware River ...
Adapting to Climate Change: Risks & Opporunities in the Upper Delaware River Region by Susan Beecher, Research Fellow, Pinchot Institute for Conservation
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The Water-Energy Nexus: Opportunities and Challenges
The Water-Energy Nexus: Opportunities and Challenges
PROGRESS IN DEFINING THE WATER-ENERGY NEXUS: WHAT’S NEXT?
PROGRESS IN DEFINING THE WATER-ENERGY NEXUS: WHAT’S NEXT?
Becu Probes California Unveiling The Conundrum of Sustainable Energy and Envi...
Becu Probes California Unveiling The Conundrum of Sustainable Energy and Envi...
052115 final nlm jd water energy goggles 2015 emc final
052115 final nlm jd water energy goggles 2015 emc final
Federal regulations and pending legislation affecting nutrient management
Federal regulations and pending legislation affecting nutrient management
Managing Water for Increased Resiliency of Drained Agricultural Landscapes
Managing Water for Increased Resiliency of Drained Agricultural Landscapes
Growing Consumption of Natural Gas to Fuel California’s Green Economy
Growing Consumption of Natural Gas to Fuel California’s Green Economy
The water energy nexus - a marriage of convenience
The water energy nexus - a marriage of convenience
The water-energy nexus - A marriage of convenience
The water-energy nexus - A marriage of convenience
Diversifying California's Water Supply By Vardan Kajberuni
Diversifying California's Water Supply By Vardan Kajberuni
An IChemE Green Paper - Getting to grips with the water-energy-food Nexus
An IChemE Green Paper - Getting to grips with the water-energy-food Nexus
Water H₂OECS 1116 September 2016Donald B. OlsonProb.docx
Water H₂OECS 1116 September 2016Donald B. OlsonProb.docx
Adapting to Climate Change: Risks & Opporunities in the Upper Delaware River ...
Adapting to Climate Change: Risks & Opporunities in the Upper Delaware River ...
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This document summarizes a panel discussion on the challenges facing the Falls Lake watershed in North Carolina. It discusses the history of water quality issues in Falls Lake, the development of consensus principles to address nutrient management, and the reconfiguration of the Upper Neuse River Basin Association to help member jurisdictions comply with regulatory requirements. The panel examines the roles of adaptive management and science in reexamining the nutrient reduction goals, and the political factors that could influence the Falls Lake nutrient strategy.
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Neuse River Basic OWLS '14 Presentation
This document summarizes a panel discussion on the challenges facing the Falls Lake watershed in North Carolina. It discusses the history of water quality issues in Falls Lake leading to stringent nutrient reduction requirements. The Upper Neuse River Basin Association (UNRBA) was refocused to help members meet these requirements through collaborative efforts like developing nutrient credits and an adaptive monitoring program. While making progress towards its goals, the UNRBA still faces challenges in balancing ecological science with public policy given the large costs of compliance.
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This document provides an overview of the Edwards Aquifer, which supplies water to cities like San Antonio and supports endangered species. It notes the aquifer responds directly to pumping and recharge. There are increasing demands on the aquifer from municipal, agricultural, and industrial use that have led to lawsuits to protect spring flows and endangered species. Legal challenges have established minimum spring flow rates and established the Edwards Aquifer Authority to set withdrawal limits and regulate pumping versus spring flows.
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The document discusses Target Field, the home stadium of the Minnesota Twins baseball team. It notes that outsiders may see fans as indifferent but they are just happy to be looking at the green grass. It also mentions that the stadium received LEED Silver certification, was built on a dense urban site, and over 40% of fans arrive via public transportation. The grass is kept above 36 degrees through a 41 mile tubing system heated by a nearby power plant so that games can be played.
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Harriet Festing presented at the One Water Leadership Summit 2013 on behalf of the Center for Neighborhood Technology (CNT). CNT is a national nonprofit focused on urban sustainability through research, tools, and policy advocacy. Their water program conducts research on issues like urban flooding and water loss in the Great Lakes region. Survey results showed municipalities face problems like frequent flooding complaints, aging infrastructure, and high water loss without clear goals. Festing argued for building policy cases around these issues by highlighting costs to homeowners, rising water rates, and jobs from infrastructure investment. The key lessons were that solutions exist but need promotion, the costs of inaction are high, and the public already supports change, so coalitions must be built.
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Biomimicry in agriculture: Nature-Inspired Solutions for a Greener Future
Presentation made for the Webinar Series on Biomimicry for sustainability on 1st June 2024 organized by Green Building Council Sri Lanka
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
原版制作(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
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Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
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- 1. Water and Energy are Linked
- 3. US Daily Water Withdrawals 49% of U.S. water withdrawals for power plant cooling (201 Billion gal/day) 51% of freshwater withdrawals (143 Billion gal/day) U.S. Average of 23 gallons per kWh 49% 31% 11% 6% 3% USDaily Water Usage Powerplant cooling irrigation publicsupply industrial&mining livestock& aquaculture Total = 410 Billion Gallons in 2005 Source: US Geological Survey 2005
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- 7. National Action Needed Blueprint document issued with over 50 recommendations from the stakeholder workshop Focused on state and national policies and programs Presented to Congress Posted at www.a4we.org
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