This document discusses substance abuse, specifically tobacco and alcohol. It begins by outlining the reasons why people start smoking tobacco, including peer and family pressures as well as glamorous advertising images. Nicotine is highly addictive and smoking progresses through stages from social to habitual smoking. Long term risks of smoking include various cancers and lung diseases. Alcohol is discussed next, noting that it is a depressant that impairs functions like thinking and movement at higher levels. Different types of drinkers are defined, from social to alcoholic, and alcohol damages the body and brain over time. Recovery from alcoholism requires detoxification and therapy or support groups to change behaviors.

1. Health: Substance AbuseDanielle Kern

2. Tobacco

3. The BeginningWhy people start smoking:Peer pressures

4. Family pressures

5. Glamorous images

6. AdvertisementsAddictionNicotine- habit forming drug found only in tobaccoThe body builds up tolerance, a resistance, to the drugStages of Addiction:Pleasure Smoker- social smoker; user likes the taste, the lift, the relaxationNegative Effect Smoker- uses to relieve stress becomes psychologically dependent Habitual Smoker- addiction (person’s body has become dependant on a chemical to function normally) also known as physical dependenceHeavy Smoker- chain smokes and may experience withdrawal (discomfort and sickness people suffer when they stop taking a drug to which they are addicted to)

7. Long Term RisksHeart DiseaseLung CancerOral CancerChronic Lung DiseaseOthers- asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, sinusitis, peptic ulcers

9. Alcohol

10. What is Alcohol?Ethanol is a kind of alcohol found in alcoholic drinks, safe in small doses otherwise poisonous.Ethanol in beverages is produced by fermentation (the process by which yeast changes sugar into carbon dioxide and alcohol). Distillation- wines and beers are evaporated to gases and then cooled back down to liquids after allowing some of the water vapor to escape. The resulting liquor has a greater percentage of alcohol.

11. What is Alcohol? Cont.Alcohol is adepressant (slows down important nerve activity)Inhibitions- are checks on emotion when weakened no self-controlReflexes- automatic muscle responses to pain or danger

12. IntoxicationIntoxication - set of bad effects that alcohol has on the body and mind Toxic- poisonous

13. Measuring intoxicationBlood Alcohol Content (BAC)- measures the number of milligrams of ethanol in each milliliter of blood.Expressed as a percentage of total blood content.The higher the BAC, the greater the alcohol’s effect on the body and mind

14. BACEffects0.10.20.30.40.5Over 0.5Dulls intelligence, sensory perceptions and motor skills; lowers inhibitionsInhibits clear thinking, memory, balance; slows movementsImpairs function of all sense organs; slurs speech; inhibits judgment of distancesReduces mental functions; inhibits control of body movements; uncontrolled vomiting and urination; may cause unconsciousnessunconsciousness; little to no reflexes; reduces blood pressure, breathing, and heartbeat; inactivates brain functionUsually causes death

15. Types of drinkers:Social Drinkers - socially, who can stop at any time Problem Drinkers - heavy, regular drinkers who are psychologically dependentAlcoholics - psychologically and physically dependentAlcoholics go through withdrawal when without the substance.Delirium Tremens (D.T.’s) - described as the uncontrollable trembling that alcoholics suffer during withdrawal – life threatening reaction of the central nervous systemHallucinations - seeing, smelling, or feeling things that are not real

16. Damages to the body:shrinkage of brain oral cancerwidened blood vesselsdamages the muscles of the heart liver cannot process nutrients from the blood various stomach disorders, including gastritis and ulcerswomen who drink during pregnancy increase the risk of damaging their unborn child

17. Recovery from alcoholism: physical damage should be treated before the behavior patterns causing the problem can be changedDetoxification - the removal of all alcohol from the bodyPsychotherapy - treatment of mental, emotional, and nervous disorders (help to understand their behavior patterns and change them)Aversion therapy - treatment that changes behavior by connecting it with unpleasant feelingsSupportive organizations - friendship and group help very effective

18. Just Say No!