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This document provides an overview of several methods of educational psychology: 1) Introspection involves observing one's own mental states and behavior. It is subjective and personal. 2) Observation involves observing the mental processes and behavior of others in a planned, systematic way. It is more objective and reliable than introspection. 3) Experimental methods use controlled tests and variables to study psychological phenomena in a laboratory setting. They are highly accurate but also formalized. 4) Case study examines an individual's past records, current situation, and future possibilities to understand and address behavioral problems through diagnosis and treatment. The purpose is to provide better guidance and counseling.
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Methods of educational psychology
This document discusses four methods of studying psychology: introspection, observation, experimentation, and case study. It provides details on what each method involves, its advantages and limitations. Introspection involves observing one's own mental states, while observation looks at the mental processes of others. Experimentation uses controlled experiments in a laboratory setting. Case study analyzes an individual's behavior by reviewing their past and present circumstances. Each method provides a different perspective but also has limitations in terms of subjectivity, resources required, and applicability to different situations.
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This PPT prepared by Teacher Educator from Thiagarajar College of Preceptors -Madurai for B.ED Trainees
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Subject Psychology introduction of psychology
SUBJECT: PSYCHOLOGY
Unit 1st: Introduction of psychology
Outline
1. Introduction of psychology
2. Define psychology
3. Scope of psychology
4. Branches of psychology
5. Methods of psychology
6. Significance of psychology in nursing
7. Applied psychology to solve everyday issues.
8. Importance of psychology in nursing
INTRODUCTION
Psychology: The study of mind, behavior, emotions, and thought processes.
Psychology assists health professionals with understanding their patients and themselves. • The word of psychology made up of two Greek words – ‘Psychi’ and ‘logos’. ‘Psychi’ means ‘soul’ and ‘logos’ means the ‘study of’ or ‘knowledge’—study of soul.
DEFINITIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY
1. Psychology is the science of human and animal behavior; it includes the application of behavioral science to human problems.
2. Psychology is the science of human behavior. (Walter Bowers Pillsbury—1911)
3. Psychology is a science, which aims to give us better understanding and control of the behavior of the organism as a whole. (William Mc Doughall—1949)
4. Psychology is the investigation of human and animal behavior and of the mental and physiological processes associated with the behavior. (Jackson—1976)
HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF SCIENCE OF (DEVELOPMENT) PSYCHOLOGY
The successes of the experimental method in the physical sciences encouraged some philosophers to think that mind and behavior could be studied with scientific methods.
• In 1879, the first psychological laboratory was established at the University of Leipzig by the German philosopher and psychologist Wilhelm Wundt (1832 – 1920).
• Wundt was the first to measure human behavior accurately and is known as the ‘Father of Psychology’.
Modern Psychology
1. Wilhelm Wundt (1832- 1920) a. He was considered as the “Father of Modern Psychology. He noted that mental process could be investigated with objective technique similar to other scientific fields.
2. G. Stanley Hall (student of Wundt) - He established the first American psychology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University in 1883.
SCOPE OF PSYCHOLOGY
• The scope of a subject can usually be discussed under the following two headings:
1. The limits of its operations and applications.
2. The branches, topics and subject matter with which it deals. The field of operation and applications of the subject psychology is too vast.
• It studies, describes and explains the behavior of living organisms.
• It describes all types of life activities and experiences — whether conative (intentional), cognitive or affective, implicit or explicit, conscious, unconscious and subconscious of a living organism.
Branches of psychology
1. Pure psychology 2.Applied psychology
i. General psychology
ii. Abnormal psychology
iii. Social psychology
iv. Physiological psychology
v. Parapsychology
vi. Geo psychology
vii. Developmental psychology
viii. Experimental psychology i. Educational psychology
ii. Clinical psychology
iii. Industrial psychology
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METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGY
This document introduces several important methods used in psychology: introspection, observation, experimentation, survey methods, clinical methods, and case study. Introspection involves self-observation of one's own inner thoughts and behaviors. Observation collects data by watching subjects externally. Experimentation uses controlled conditions to analyze outcomes. Surveys distribute questionnaires or interviews to gather information from people. Clinical methods diagnose and address individuals' behavioral issues. Case studies provide an in-depth analysis of a specific person or group.
Introspection method presentation
- Introspection is the oldest method of psychology that involves self-observation of one's own mental states and processes.
- Historically, introspection was used by philosophers like Descartes and psychologists like Wundt and Titchener to study consciousness. However, it fell out of favor due to criticisms that it lacks objectivity and reliability.
- The document outlines the definition, history, use, merits, and demerits of introspection. While it can provide direct insights, limitations include its subjective nature, difficulty observing changing mental states, and variability across reports. Proper training may help address some limitations.
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Educational psychology is the study of human behavior and learning processes in educational settings. It draws from the fields of psychology and education to understand individual and group behavior in educational contexts as well as design effective teaching methods and learning environments. Specifically, educational psychology helps teachers understand students' cognitive and social development, apply principles of learning and motivation, address individual differences, and create positive classroom environments that foster optimal learning. Overall, the goal of educational psychology is to improve educational outcomes by equipping teachers with knowledge about human development, learning, and instructional best practices.
Theories of child psychology
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1) Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years) - infants learn about the world through senses and physical interaction.
2) Preoperational stage (2 to 7 years) - children think intuitively but cannot perform logical operations.
3) Concrete operational stage (7 to 11 years) - children can think logically about concrete events.
4) Formal operational stage (11 to 15 years) - adolescents develop abstract thinking and can hypothesize.
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This document summarizes several methods and tools used in educational psychology:
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Subject Psychology introduction of psychology
SUBJECT: PSYCHOLOGY
Unit 1st: Introduction of psychology
Outline
1. Introduction of psychology
2. Define psychology
3. Scope of psychology
4. Branches of psychology
5. Methods of psychology
6. Significance of psychology in nursing
7. Applied psychology to solve everyday issues.
8. Importance of psychology in nursing
INTRODUCTION
Psychology: The study of mind, behavior, emotions, and thought processes.
Psychology assists health professionals with understanding their patients and themselves. • The word of psychology made up of two Greek words – ‘Psychi’ and ‘logos’. ‘Psychi’ means ‘soul’ and ‘logos’ means the ‘study of’ or ‘knowledge’—study of soul.
DEFINITIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY
1. Psychology is the science of human and animal behavior; it includes the application of behavioral science to human problems.
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3. Psychology is a science, which aims to give us better understanding and control of the behavior of the organism as a whole. (William Mc Doughall—1949)
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The successes of the experimental method in the physical sciences encouraged some philosophers to think that mind and behavior could be studied with scientific methods.
• In 1879, the first psychological laboratory was established at the University of Leipzig by the German philosopher and psychologist Wilhelm Wundt (1832 – 1920).
• Wundt was the first to measure human behavior accurately and is known as the ‘Father of Psychology’.
Modern Psychology
1. Wilhelm Wundt (1832- 1920) a. He was considered as the “Father of Modern Psychology. He noted that mental process could be investigated with objective technique similar to other scientific fields.
2. G. Stanley Hall (student of Wundt) - He established the first American psychology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University in 1883.
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• The scope of a subject can usually be discussed under the following two headings:
1. The limits of its operations and applications.
2. The branches, topics and subject matter with which it deals. The field of operation and applications of the subject psychology is too vast.
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1. Pure psychology 2.Applied psychology
i. General psychology
ii. Abnormal psychology
iii. Social psychology
iv. Physiological psychology
v. Parapsychology
vi. Geo psychology
vii. Developmental psychology
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Introduction to psychology
Psychology is defined as the scientific study of human and animal behavior. The document discusses several key methods used in psychology including introspection, observation, experimentation, case study, survey, and genetic methods. It also covers the evolution of psychology's focus from the study of the soul to behavior. Major topics include schools of thought like structuralism, gestalt psychology and behaviorism. Applications of psychology are discussed in fields like education, medicine, business and nursing.
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- Historically, introspection was used by philosophers like Descartes and psychologists like Wundt and Titchener to study consciousness. However, it fell out of favor due to criticisms that it lacks objectivity and reliability.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Benner "Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers"
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
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HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
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A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
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education psychology.pptx
- 1. METHODS OF EDUCATION PSYCHOLOGY SUBMITTED TO Dr. ARPITA SINGH PRESENTED BY KAUSHAL KUMAR ROLL NO- 41 (A) SUBJECT –PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF EDUCATION BEd 1st SEMESTER
- 3. INTROSPECTION METHOD WHEN A PERSON OR ‘SUBJECT’ HIMSELF OBSERVES HIS OWN MENTAL STATES AND BEHAVIOUR,IT IS INTROSPECTION OR SUBJECTIVE OBSERVATION. IT IS ONE OF THE OLDEST METHOD OF PSYCHOLOGY, WHICH IS DERIVED FROM TWO WORDS(1) INTRO, AND (2)SPECTION. INTRO MEANS ‘WITHIN’ AND SPECTION MEANS ‘LOOKING’ OR’ ‘OBSERVING’.HENCE, INTROSPECTION MEANS LOOKING OR OBSERVING WITHIN. WOODWORTH HAS CALLED IT ‘SELF OBSERVATION’
- 4. LIMITATIONS OF INTROSPECTION METHOD IT IS MOST SUBJETIVE ,PERSONAL, AND UNSCIENTIFIC METHOD. THIS METHOD IS NOT OF UNIVERSALAPPLICATION. ITS RESULT DEPENDS ON SUBJECT OR THE OBSERVER AND NOT VERIFIABLE BY OTHER SUBJECT OR OBSERVER. IT IS NOT USEFUL FOR THE STUDY OF CHILD AND ANIMAL
- 5. OBSERVATION METHOD IN THE WORDS OF SAMUELSMITH , ‘OBSERVATION IS A VISUAL METHOD OF EXAMINING, DESCRIBING, AND INTERPRETING THE REACTIONS OF INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS IN LABORATORY, CLASS ROOM, OR OUT OF SCHOOL SITUATION’. HERE,WE OBSERVETHEMENTAL PROCESSESAND BEHAVIOUR OF OTHERS.
- 6. HOW TO OBSERVE? MAKE A PLAN AND WRITE POINTS OF OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVE THE BEHAVIOUR WITH A PURPOSE ACCURATELY. RECORD THE OBSERVATION VERY CAREFULLY IMMEDIATEDLY AFTER THE OBSERVATION. AFTER RECORDING, ANALYSE THE OBSERVED FACTS SCIENTIFICALLY. INTERPRET AND GENERALIZE THE OBSERVATION.
- 7. ADVANTAGES OF OBSERVATION IT IS ALWAYS SPECIFIC , SYSTEMATIC, PLANNED AND RELIABLE. IT IS MORE SUBJECTIVE AND VALID THAN THE INTROSPECTION. IT IS FLEXIBLE AND ECONOMICAL. WE CAN STUDY THE CHILDREN AND ANIMALS EASILY WE CAN SUPERVISE THE TEACHING AND MAY SUGGEST CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS.
- 8. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD EXPERIMENTAL METHOD IS HIGHLY DEVELOPED,FORMALIZED AND ACCURATEOFALLSCIENTIFICMETHODS.THEWORD EXPERIMENT DERIVE FROM THELATTIN WORD ‘EXPERIMENTUM’. FIRST EXPERIMENTALLABESTABLISHEDBY WILHULM WUNDT (LIP ZING) GERMANY.
- 9. EVERY EXPERIMENT SHOULD HAVE :- • PSYCHOLOGICAL LABORATORY • EXPERIMENTER • SUBJECT • STIMULUS • RESPONSE • VARIABLES
- 10. TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL METHOD CONTROL - TEST METHOD CONTROL GROUP METHOD ROTATIONAL METHOD
- 11. CASE STUDY METHOD THECASESTUDYMETHODISTHATMETHOD OF BEHAVIOURINVESTIGATIONINWHICHWETRYTOSTUDY THEBEHAVIOUROFANINDIVIDUALINALLTHEESSENTIAL ASPECTSBYANALYSINGTHEPASTRECORD,PRESENT POSITIONANDFUTUREPOSSIBLITIESREGARDINGHISFELT PROBLEMOROTHERWISEGUIDANCEFUNCTIONS.
- 12. DIGANOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THE BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS TO PROVIDE BETTER GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING TO FIND THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM PURPOSE OF CASE STUDY
- 13. THANKYOU