This document summarizes the history of education in the Philippines from 1521 to the present. It discusses the characteristics of education under different occupying forces, including the Spanish, Americans, Japanese, and post-WWII periods. Some key points made include the limited and irrelevant curriculum, lack of trained teachers, and racial discrimination under Spanish rule. The Americans emphasized English, reading, writing and technical/vocational skills. Japanese occupation promoted their culture and language in schools and deemphasized English. After WWII, the Department of Education was established to regulate public and private schools.

1. PREPARED BY:
Bernard B. Panganiban
MA in Physics Education

2. Before 1521 Education before the coming of Spaniard
1521-1896 Education during the Spanish Regime
1896-1899 Education during the Philippine Revolution
1898-1935 Education during the American Occupation
1935-1941 Education during the Philippine
Commonwealth
1941-1944 Education during the Japanese Occupation
1944-1946 Education after the World War II
1946-present Education under the Philippine Republic

3. 1. Absence of systematic government
supervision of the schools.
2. Absence of academic freedom.
3. Limited and Irrelevant Curriculum
4. Lack of trained teachers
(150 teacher-missionaries to instruct
over half a million inhabitants)
5. Obsolete Teaching Methods.

4. Continuation…
6. Poor classroom facilities.
7. Inadequate instructional materials.
8. Racial discrimination against Filipino
students.
9. Over emphasis on religion.

5. “The outstanding cause of the distressed situation of Filipinos
today is the anomalous education received by the youth in
schools. They learn to read correctly and write gracefully, but
they do not learn anything useful because they are not taught
any. They are taught how to pray and never go to work.”
---GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

7. American Expeditionary forces were sent to
Philippines with a mission to destroy the Spanish
Armanda in Manila Bay as part of the strategy to
defeat the Spaniards in the Spanish-American
War ranging at that time in Cuba.
The Americans won, and on the Treaty of Paris
on December 10, 1898, the Philippines was
ceded to the United State by the Spanish for
the paltry sum of US $20 million.

20. Learning to know Learning to do Learning to live
together
Learning to be
Education is free
for all.
Education is a
means of giving
people an
orientation toward
the democracy.
Teaching english
language
Emphasize the
3R’s ( reading,
writing and
arithmetic)
The curriculum
gives importance
to technical and
vocational skills .
Education
emphasize on
democracy and
importance of
people-
participation in
decision making.
Education in this
period include
induction of good
manner and right
conduct.

26. 1.) DECEMBER 8, 1941 - Attack on the Pearl
Harbor
2.) JANUARY 2, 1942- General Masaharu Homma
announces the end of the American Occupation
3.) APRIL 9, 1942- Bataan Death March
4.) OCTOBER 14, 1943- The Japanese Sponsored
Philippine Republic was inaugurated.
6.) OCTOBER 20, 1944 - “I shall return”
7.) AUGUST 17, 1945 - Pres. Laurel formally
dissolves the Second Republic
8.) SEPTEMBER 2, 1945 - General Yamashita
formally signed the official document of surrender
of all Japanese Forces

27.  Asia for ASIANS
 Philippines for
the FILIPINOS
 Asia is ONE

28. 1. To stop depending on western countries like the U.S., and
Great Britain. Promote and enrich the Filipino culture.
2. To recognize that the Philippines is a part of the Greater
East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere so that the Philippines
and Japan will have good relations.
3. To elevate the morals of people, giving up over emphasis
of materialism.
4. To learn and adopt Nippongo and to stop using the
English language.
5. To spread elementary and vocational education.
6. To develop love for work.

29.  School Calendar became longer
 Summer vacation for students
 Class size increased to 60
 Deleted anti-asian opinions, banned the singing of
American songs, deleted American symbols, poems and
pictures
 Nihongo as a means of introducing and cultivating love
for Japanese culture
 Social Studies

30.  Japanese culture and language were offered as
compulsory courses in the schools
 Japanese culture and language were included in the Civil
Service exams
 Emphasizing vocational education, physical education
and Japanese literature

31. This abrupt transition of learning from English to
Niponggo caused damage in the sense of national
consciousness because the Filipinos don’t have their
own knowledge. They are learning another countries’
language while destroying the main variations of their
country’s languages. Instead of learning their own
language, Filipinos were forced to learn the others’ that
causes them to forget their own.

32. After World War II in 1947, by the virtue of
Executive Order No. 94, the Department of
Instruction was changed to "Department of
Education."
During this period, the regulation and supervision
of public and private schools belonged to the
Bureau of Public and Private Schools.

33. Learning to know Learning to do Learning to live
together
Learning to be
Learning and
adaptation of
Niponggo
Importance of
basic education
through elementary
education.
The curriculum
gives promotes
vocational skills .
Education
emphasize love of
work.
Orient Filipinos
that Philippines is
member of the
Great East Asia
Co-Prosperity
Sphere.
Education aims
to foster a new
Filipino culture
based on self –
consciousness of
the people as
Orientals.
Education in
elevate the morals
of the people.

34.  Spanish: Reign for 300 years
 American- 50 years
 Japanese- about four years
It is thus not surprising that despite the measure they had
instituted, the Japanese failed to succeed in transforming
the values and attitudes of the people inline with their
vision of the NEW ORDER.
A contributory factor was widely reported brutalities that
ushered in the Japanese occupation that the Filipinos did
not experience with the same degree during the American
period