2. Topics Covered
1) What is Literacy?
2) Importance of Education,
3) Calculation of Literacy rate,
4) INDIA in World Literacy ranking,
5) INDIA’s Educational Development since Independence,
6) Variation of Literacy rate in INDIAN States,
3. 7) Gender disparities,
8) Bihar literacy,
9) Kerala literacy,
10) Measures taken by INDIAN Government,
11) Our Survey.
4. What is Literacy ?
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) has drafted the definition of literacy
as the "ability to identify, understand, interpret, create,
communicate, compute and use printed and written materials
associated with varying context’’.
International Literacy Day is celebrated each year on
8th September.
5. The National Literacy Mission defines literacy as acquiring
the skills of reading, writing and arithmetic and the ability
to apply them to one's day-to-day life.
Literacy is key for socio-economic development.
6. Importance of Education
Imbibing(take in) values such as national
integration, conservation of environment, women's
equality.
Literacy is a reasonably good indicator of
development in a society. Improves ones Life standards
and style.
About 35% of world's illiterate population lives
in India and, based on historic patterns of literacy
growth across the world, India may account for a
majority of the world's illiterates by 2020.
7. Literacy rate:
The total percentage of the population of an
area at a particular time aged seven years or above who
can read and write with understanding.
The survey is organized by National Sample
Survey Office (NSSO).Survey is done and Literacy
rate is calculated for every TEN years.
1) Literacy rate
2) Crude literacy rate
3) Adult literacy rate (15+)
8. The literacy rate has increased from 18.33% in 1951
to 64.84% in 2001.
As per 2001 Census, the overall literacy rate of India
is 65.38%. The male literacy rate is 75.96% and female
literacy rate is 54.28%.
As per the 2011 census India’s literacy rate is 74.04%.
With Male literacy rate of 82.14%, Female Literacy rate of
65.46%.
9. INDIA’s position in World
India currently has the largest illiterate
population of any nation on earth. A study done in 1990
estimated that it would take until 2060 for India to
achieve universal literacy at then-current rate of progress.
The 2011 census indicated a 2001-2011 decadal literacy
growth of 9.2%, which is slower than the growth seen
during the previous decade.
World average Literacy rate at present is 84%,
Whereas India is having a Literacy rate of 74.04%.
10. Country Adult Literacy Rate Youth Literacy Rate
China 93.3% (2007) 98.9% (2004)
Sri Lanka 90.8 (2007) 98.0 %(2007)
Burma 89.9% (2007) 94.4% (2004)
Iran 82.4% (2007) 95% (2002)
World Average 84% (1998) 88% (2001)
India 74.04% (2011) 82% (2001)
Nepal 56.5 (2007) 62.7%(2007)
Pakistan 62.2 (2007) 73.9%(2007)
Bangladesh 53.5 (2007) 74%(2007)
11. Literacy rate since Independence
India had a Literacy rate of 12% at the end of
British rule in India during 1947. In 1944, the
Government of British India presented a plan, called the
Sergeant Scheme for the educational reconstruction of
India, with a goal of producing 100% literacy in the
country within 40 years, i.e. by 1984.
Parliament has passed the Constitution 86th
Amendment Act, 2002, to make elementary education a
Fundamental Right for children in the age group of 6–
14 years.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. GENDER DISPARITIES
This difference between male and female literacy
rates is getting reduced. Kerala stands first in female
Literacy rate with 87.7% in 2001 census and 92% according
to 2011 census.
Average female Literacy rate in India during 2001
census is 53.67% and during 2011 census is 65.46%. The
Female literacy rate shows a decadal change of 11.79%,
which is greater than the decadal change in Male literacy
rate which is about 6.88%.
17. Historically,a variety of factors have been found to
be responsible for poor female literacy rate
1) Gender based inequality.
2) Social discrimination and economic exploitation.
3) Occupation of girl child in domestic chores.
4) Low enrolment of girls in schools
Universalisation for Elementary Education is introduced to
overcome the hurdles.
18.
19. Bihar literacy
Bihar has the lowest literacy rate in India
and, in the 2011 census, was the only Indian state
where the less than 65% of the population was
literate. However, the literacy rate is rising:
39% in 1991 to 47% in 2001 to 63.8% in
2011. Department of Adult Education of Bihar won
a UNESCO award in 1981.
20. International Reading Association Literacy Award (for
Meritorious Work in Literacy)/UNESCO/
Year : 1981
Prize winner : Department of Adult Education of the State
of Bihar
Medal : Silver Medal
Award : US$ 2,500
21. Kerala Literacy:
Kerala undertook a "campaign for total literacy in
Ernakulam district with the help of voluntary groups, social
activists and others On February 4, 1990.
The Government of Kerala then replicated the
initiative on a statewide level, launching the Kerala State
Literacy Campaign.
22. MEASURES TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT:
Problems being faced are listed below:
1) high drop-out rates
2) low participation of girl students
3) inadequate school infrastructure
4) teacher absenteeism rate high
5) large-scale teacher vacancies
6) lack of public involvement in provisioning of
educational services
7) variation in the literacy rates for the Special Groups
of citizens
23. In order to overcome all these hurdles Indian government
has undertaken revolutionary programs such as:
1) NATIONAL LITERACY MISSION:
The National Literacy Mission, launched in 1988, aimed at
attaining a literacy rate of 75 per cent by 2007. The Total
Literacy Campaign is the principal strategy of the NLM for
eradication of illiteracy.
24. 2) SARVA SIKSHA ABHIYAN:
The Sarva Siksha Abhiyan was launched in 2001 to
ensure that all children in the 6–14 year age-group attend
school and complete eight years of schooling by 2010.
The centrally sponsored District Primary Education
Programme, launched in 1994, had opened more than
160,000 new schools by 2005,
25. 3) MID-DAY MEAL SCHEME:
Of the estimated 205 million child population in the
age group 6–14 years on March 1, 2002, nearly 82.5% were
enrolled in schools. However, the drop-out rate in 2002-03
was 34.9% at the primary level and 52.8% at the upper
primary level. Launched in 1995. Under this scheme lunch
was supplied to pupils of government aided schools. This
scheme is mainly designed to attract children from poor
families. Due to problems in execution of this scheme led to
increase in Drop-out rate.
26. YEAR SC ST BC GENERAL TOTAL
2008-09 15/22 2/3 24/29 ------- 97
2009-10 14/22 3/3 26/29 ------- 97
2010-11 21/26 3/3 24/31 1/2 111
A Government school in Nellore
:BOYS/GIRLS
27. YEAR TOTAL TOTAL NEW ADMI- TOTAL
BOYS GIRLS SSIONS STRENGTH
(LKG)
2009-10 423 371 110 794
{ 64/46 }
2010-11 519 382 121 901
{ 72/49 }
A.A.N.M & V.V.R.S.R High school -Andhra Pradesh
28. Following are some statistics from
Kothagudem District of
ANDHRA PRADESH
29. No.of Teachers No.of Students
Sl.No Name of the Village Name of the School
Male Female Total Boys Girls Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 Gundepudi PS Vengannapalam 0 2 2 20 28 48
2 Gundepudi PS Veerabhadrapuram 2 0 2 15 6 21
3 Gundepudi PS Ramachandrapuram 2 0 2 20 18 38
4 Gundepudi PS Gundepudi 1 1 2 30 34 64
5 Gundepudi UPS Kotha Suraram 5 1 6 83 55 138
6 Gundepudi ZPSS Gundepudi 7 2 9 122 107 229
7 Julurupad PS Koya colony 2 0 2 11 17 28
8 Julurupad PS Yerra thanda 2 0 2 10 20 30
