EDR Group of Industries training report

1 CIT/ME/SEMINAR/030
Chapter-1
COMPANY PROFILE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
EDR Group of Industries established in the year 1968 is dedicating to manufacturing of
mechanical Seals and selling Systems, Centrifugal Pumps and Investment Castings.
Fig 1.1 Company Location
EDR Group, know in the industry as a Power House of technical expertise, professional
excellence and undeniable trust. Leak-proof Cast (I) Pvt Ltd an ISO 9001-2008 Company is
one of the EDR Group of Companies established in the year 2005 as a leading manufacturer
of investment casting by LOST WAX process using advanced technology.
 The Manufacturing Process
Investment Casting, also widely known as the 'Lost Wax Process', is supposedly the most
ancient mode of manufacturing metal parts. As old as about 5000 years ago, in the time of
the Pharaohs, it was u sed by the Egyptians to make gold jewellery (Therefore the name
‘Investment').

1.2 GROUP OF COMPANIES
A. Leak-Proof Engineering (I) Pvt. Ltd. (An ISO 9001-2008 Company)
Established in the year 1973, Leak-Proof Engineering is pioneer in the field of manufacturing
engineered mechanical seals and is one of the largest indigenous seal manufacturers in India.
The company has constantly endeavored to upgrade the sealing and application engineering
technology to device perfect sealing solution for all services. Today, with state of the art
manufacturing facility, the company is a name to reckon with and has most satisfied clientele
in the country and outside, both in terms of quality and service.
B. Leak-Proof Pumps (I) Pvt. Ltd
Established in the year 1989, Raje-Dia Pumps is a leading manufacturer of non-metallic
centrifugal pumps in India. The product range includes PVDF, FEP & PFA lined centrifugal
pumps, solid injection molded polypropylene pumps, magnetic drive pumps, metallic pumps
and lined valves. The application range covers highly corrosive acids, alkalis, solvents and
other corrosive fluids used in chemical process, petrochemical, fertilizer, refinery, power
generation, food processing, oil extraction, bulk drug manufacturing, effluent treatment, steel
and similar core industrial sectors.
C. Leak-Proof Cast (I) Pvt. Ltd. (An ISO 9001-2008 Company)
EDR Group of Industries established in the year 1968 is dedicating to manufacturing of
mechanical Seals and selling Systems, Centrifugal Pumps and Investment Castings. EDR
Group, know in the industry as a Power House of technical exprties, professional excellence
and undeniable trust. Leak-proof Cast (I) Pvt Ltd an ISO 9001-2008 company is one of the
EDR Group of Companies established in the year 2005 as a leading manufacturer of
investment Casting by LOST WAX process using advanced technology.

D. Leak-Proof Steel Plant Projects Pvt. Ltd.
Leak-Proof Steel Plant Projects Pvt. Ltd. is established in the year 2010 The Company is
engaged in the business of design, erection and commissioning of flat steel processing lines
of all types on turnkey basis. Consultations for cost effective and energy efficient designs,
optimizing production, reduction of power, acid recovery system, etc. are also offered.
Latest additions to our line of activities are:
• Environment eco friendly steel pickling lines without use of acid in association with The
Material Works Limited, USA.
• LIBS sensors for online molten metal composition check with laser sensors in association
with Tecnar, Canada.
• Spent acid recovery system in association with Beta control, Inc. USA.
E. Leak Proof Auto Parts
We are also pleased to introduce Allied Engineering as one of the part of EDR Group of the
company since 2012 with the new name Leak Proof Auto Parts. Leak Proof Auto Parts is a
manufacturing company specializing of auto body parts like Maruti Suzuki, Mahindra,
Toyota, Tata, Ashok Leyland, and other components. Since 1992. With our extensive
knowledge and experience of international business of automotive and engineering parts and
in-depth understanding of clients requirements. We help accelerate the achievement of
strategic sourcing and purchase objectives of overseas buyers enabling them to extract
consistent quality and timely deliveries from all over India.

1.3 STAFF WEALFARE
 The relationship between the company and employees is comparatively good. Staff
member works with their full efficiency and try to give their maximum for the progress
and welfare of the staff.
 The company gives good canteen facility which runs on the contract basis. Company
provides tea snacks lunch and dinner to the staff and workers at subsidized rate.
 The company has setup water coolers with aqua guard in all the departments which
provides cool and clean water to the staff.
 Company gives good salary, yearly increment and bonus to the employees.
 Company runs good credit society of the staff and workers jointly. This society also gives
the loans to employees.
 Company gives sweets and dress to the workers on diwali.
 Company also organizes sports activities on dashera like cricket, volleyball long jump
etc. between all departments and give prizes to the winners.
 Company pays travel allowance and leave with pay to all staff member. It also pays the
medical allowance to the worker.
 The company celebrates the joy of each ones birthday by gift.
1.4 VARIOUS DEPARTMENT OF THE COMPANY
 Personal Department
 Purchase Department
 Sales Department
 Marketing Department
 R & D Department
 EDC Department
 Assembly Department
 Machine and Die Department
 Testing Department
 Quality Department

 Account & Finance Department
 Maintenance Department
 Store and Inspection department
 Planning Department
 Electrical Department

Chapter-2
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Fig 2.1 Centrifugal pump
A centrifugal pump is a Roto dynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase the
pressure of a fluid. Centrifugal pumps are commonly used to move liquids through a piping
system. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is
accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber
(casing), from where it exits into the downstream piping system. Centrifugal pumps are used
for large discharge through smaller heads.
2.1 HISTORY
According to Reti, the Brazilian soldier and historian of science, the first machine thatcould
be characterized as a centrifugal pump was a mud lifting machine which appeared as early as
1475 in a treatise by the Italian Renaissance engineer Francesco di Giorgio Martini.[1] True
centrifugal pumps were not developed until the late 17th century, when Denis Papin made
one with straight vanes. The curved vane was introduced byBritish inventor John Appold in
1851.

2.3 HOW IT WORKS ?
Like most pumps, a centrifugal pumps converts mechanical energy from a motor to energy of
a moving fluid; some of the energy goes into kinetic energy of fluid motion, and some into
potential energy, represented by a fluid pressure or by lifting the fluid.
Against gravity toa higher level. The transfer of energy from the mechanical rotation of the
impeller tothe motion and pressure of the fluid is usually described in terms ofCentrifugal
force, especially in older sources written before the modern concept of centrifugal force as a
fictitious force in a rotating reference frame was well articulated. The concept of centrifugal
force is not actually required to describe the action of the centrifugal pump. In the modern
centrifugal pump, most of the energy conversion is dueto the outward force that curved
impeller blades impart on the fluid. Invariably, some of the energy also pushes the fluid into
a circular motion, and this circular motion can also convey some energy and increase the
pressure at the outlet.
Fig 2.2 Internal part of centrifugal pump

To arrive by a simpler method than that just given at a general idea of the mode of action of
the exterior whirlpool in improving the efficiency of the centrifugal pump, it is only
necessary to consider that the mass of water revolving in the whirlpool chamber, round the
circumference of the wheel, must necessarily exert a centrifugal force, and that this
centrifugal force may readily be supposed to add itself to the outward force generated within
the wheel; or, in other words, to go to increase the pumping power of the wheel. The outward
force generated within the wheel is to be understood as being produced entirely by the
medium of centrifugal force if the vanes of the wheel be straight and radial; but if they be
curved, as is more commonly the case, the outward force is partly produced through the
medium of centrifugal force, and partly applied by the vanes to the water as a radial
component of the oblique pressure, which, in consequence of their obliquity to the radius,
they apply to the water as it moves outwards along them. On this subject it is well to observe
that while the quantity of water made to pass through a given pump with curved vanes is
perfectly variable at pleasure, the smaller the quantity becomes the more nearly will the force
generated within the wheel for impelling the water outwards become purely centrifugal force,
and the more nearly will the pump become what the name ordinarily given to it would seem
to indicate—a purely centrifugal pump.
When, however, a centrifugal putnp with vanes curved backwards in such forms as are
ordinarily used in well-constructed examples of the machine, is driven at a speed
considerably above that requisite merely to overcome the pressure of the water, and cause
lifting orpropulsion to commence, the radial component of the force applied to the water by
the vanes will become considerable, and the water leaving the circumference of the wheel
will have a velocity less than that of the circumference of the wheel in a degree having some
real importance iu practice. The statement "the mass of water ... must necessarily exert a
centrifugal force" is interpretable in terms of the reactive centrifugal force—the force is not
an outward force on the water, but rather an outward force exerting by the
water, on the pump housing (the volute) and on the water in the outlet pipe. The outlet
pressure is a reflection of the pressure that applies the centripetal force that curves the path of
the water to move circularly inside the pump (in the space just outside the impeller, the

exterior whirlpool as this author calls it). On the other hand, the statement that the "outward
force generated within the wheel is to be understood as being produced entirely by the
medium of centrifugal force" is best understood in terms of centrifugal force as a fictional
force in the frame of reference of the rotating impeller; the actual forces on the water are
inward, or centripetal, since that's the direction of force need to make the water move in
circles. This force is supplied by a pressure gradient that is set up by the rotation, where the
pressure at the outside, at the wall of the volute, can be taken as a reactive centrifugal force.
This is typical of 19th
and early 20th century writing, to mix these conceptions of centrifugal
force in informal descriptions of effects such as that in the centrifugal pump.
Fig 2.3 Side view part of Centrifugal pump
Differing conceptions and explanations of how a centrifugal pump works have long
engendered controversy and animadversion. For example, the American Expert Commission
sent to the Vienna Exposition in 1873 issued a report that included observations that "they
are misnamed centrifugal, because they do not operate by centrifugal force at all; they
operate by pressure the same as a turbine water wheel; when people understand their
method of operating we may expect much improvement."
John Richards, editor of the San Francisco-based journal Industry, in his in-depth essay on
centrifugal pumps, which also downplayed the significance of centrifugal force in the
working of the pump, remarked. This extraordinary report stands printed in a Government
publication, signed by men who were, or are, eminent in mechanics, and we can only deplore
the stupidity, as well as presumption of the commission who thus disposed of a subject that

had twenty years before been carefully investigated by such men as Sir John Rennie,
Professor Cowper, Mr. Whitelaw, Dr. James Black, Professor Rankine, and many others.
The most astonishing part is, however, that this report was passed and signed by men who we
can hardly suppose would fail to perceive its absurdity. Modern sources say things like that
the fluid "flows radially under centrifugal force", or "centrifugal force flings the liquid
outward" Others counter that "there is no force at all, and a great deal of confused thinking."
Some are more careful, attributing the outward force to the impeller, not to centrifugal force:
"the impellers throw the water to the outside of the impeller case. This centrifugal action is
what creates the pressure..." Even serious texts that explain the working of the pump without
mention of centrifugal force introduce the pump as one in which "the mechanical energy is
converted, into pressure energy by means of centrifugal force acting on the fluid."
2.4 VERTICAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Vertical centrifugal pumps are also referred to as cantilever pumps. They utilize a unique
shaft and bearing support configuration that allows the volute to hang in the sump while the
bearings are outside of the sump. This style of pump uses no stuffing box to seal the shaft but
instead utilizes a "throttle Bushing". A common application for this style of pump is in a
parts washer.
2.5 MULTI-STAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
A centrifugal pump containing two or more impellers is called a multistage centrifugal pump.
The impellers may be mounted on the same shaft or on different shafts. If we need higher
pressure at the outlet we can connect impellers in series. If we need a higher flow output we
can connect impellers in parallel. All energy added to the fluid comes from the power of the
electric or other motor force driving the impeller.
2.6 EFFICIENCY OF LARGE PUMPS
Unless carefully designed, installed and monitored, pumps will be, or will become
inefficient, wasting a lot of energy. Pumps need to be regularly tested to determine
efficiency.

2.7 ENERGY USAGE
The energy usage in a pumping installation is determined by the flow required, the height
lifted and the length and friction characteristics of the pipeline. The power required to drive a
pump ( ), is a defined simply using SI unit by:
2.8 SINGLE STAGE RADIAL FLOW CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Where:
 is the input power required (W)
 is the fluid density (kg/m3)
 is the standard acceleration of gravity (9.80665 m/s2)
 is the energy Head added to the flow (m)
 is the flow rate (m3/s)
 is the efficiency of the pump plant as a decimal
The head added by the pump ( ) is a sum of the static lift, the head loss due to friction and
any losses due to valves or pipe bends all expressed in metres of fluid. Power is more
commonly expressed as kilowatts (103 W) or horsepower (multiply kilowatts by 0.746). The
value for the pump efficiency may be stated for the pump itself or as a combined efficiency
of the pump and motor system. The energy usage is determined by multiplying the power
requirement by the length of time the pump is operating.
2.9 PROBLEMS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
• Cavitation—the NPSH of the system is too low for the selected pump
• Wear of the Impeller—can be worsened by suspended solids
• Corrosion inside the pump caused by the fluid properties
• Overheating due to low flow
• Leakage along rotating shaft

• Lack of prime—centrifugal pumps must be filled (with the fluid to be pumped) in order to
operate
• Surge
Fig 2.4 Surge
2.10 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS FOR SOLID CONTROL
An oilfield solids control system needs many centrifugal pumps to sit on or in mud tanks.
The types of centrifugal pumps used are sand pumps, submersible slurry pumps, shear
pumps, and charging pumps. They are defined for their different functions, but their working
principle is the same.
2.11 MAGNECTICALLY COUPLED PUMPS
Small centrifugal pumps (e.g. for garden fountains) may be magnetically coupled to avoid
leakage of water into the motor. The motor drives a rotor carrying a pair of permanent
magnets and these drag round a second pair of permanent magnets attached to the pump
impeller. There is no direct connection between the motor shaft and the impeller so no gland
is needed and, unless the casing is broken, there is no risk of leakage.

2.12 PRIMING
Most centrifugal pumps are not self-priming. In other words, the pump casing must be filled
with liquid before the pump is started, or the pump will not be able to function. If the pump
casing becomes filled with vapors or gases, the pump impeller becomes gas-bound and
incapable of pumping. To ensure that a centrifugal pump remains primed and does not
become gas-bound, most centrifugal pumps are located below the level of the source from
which the pump is to take its suction. The same effect can be gained by supplying liquid to
the pump suction under pressure supplied by another pump placed in the suction line.

Chapter-3
ULTRA CAST PVT. LTD.
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Fig 3.1 Company out look

3.2 LAY OUT OF CAST
3.3 CASTING PROCESS
Casting is a manufacturing process by which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold,
which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The
solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to
complete the process. Casting materials are usually metals or various cold setting materials
that cure after mixing two or more components together; examples are epoxy, concrete,
ASSEMBLY
WAX ROOM FETTLING MELTING
DEWAXING
DRYING ROOMCOATING ROOM

plaster and clay. Casting is most often used for making complex shapes that would be
otherwise difficult or uneconomical to make by other methods.
Casting is a 6000 year old process. The oldest surviving casting is a copper frog from 3200
BC.
3.3.1 WAX INJECTION
WAX INJECTION IS FIRST STEP OF THE INVESTMENT CASTING PROCESS. It is
therefore an essential step,as many of the defects created in the wax can be reproduced in the
final casting.if they are not detected. This paper will present the models set up and
experimentation carried out to validate these models.
Fig 3.2 WAX INJECTION

3.3.2 WAX MOULD
Model-making. An artist or mold-maker creates an original model from wax, clay, or
another material. Wax and oil-based clay are often preferred because these materials retain
their softness.
Mold making. A mold is made of the original model or sculpture. The rigid outer molds
contain the softer inner mold, which is the exact negative of the original model. Inner molds
are usually made of latex, polyurethane rubber or silicone, which is supported by the outer
mold. The outer mold can be made from plaster, but can also be made of fiberglass or other
materials. Most molds are made of at least two pieces, and a shimwith keys is placed between
the parts during construction so that the mold can be put back together accurately. If there are
long, thin pieces extending out of the model, they are often cut off of the original and molded
separately. Sometimes many molds are needed to recreate the original model, especially for
large models.
Wax. Once the mold is finished, molten wax is poured into it and swished around until an
even coating, usually about 1
⁄8 inch (3 mm) thick, covers the inner surface of the mold. This
is repeated until the desired thickness is reached. Another method is to fill the entire mold
with molten wax and let it cool until a desired thickness has set on the surface of the mold.
After this the rest of the wax is poured out again, the mold is turned upside down and the wax
layer is left to cool and harden. With this method it is more difficult to control the overall
thickness of the wax layer.
Removal of wax. This hollow wax copy of the original model is removed from the mold.
The model-maker may reuse the mold to make multiple copies, limited only by the durability
of the mold.

Fig. 3.3 WAX MOULDS
3.3.3 ASSEMBLY
Fig. 3.4 ASSEMBLY

3.3.4 COATING
A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, usually referred to as
the substrate. In many cases coatings are applied to improve surface properties of the
substrate, such as appearance, adhesion, wet ability, corrosion resistance, wear resistance,
and scratch resistance. Some new coatings formulated using nanotechnology promise to
create long-term surface protection.[1]
In other cases, in particular in printing processes
and semiconductor device fabrication (where the substrate is a wafer), the coating forms an
essential part of the finished product.
Coating and printing processes involve the application of a thin film of functional material to
a substrate, such as paper, fabric, film, foil, or sheet stock. This article discusses what is
frequently termed "roll-to-roll" or "web-based" coating. A roll of substrate, when wound
through the coating machine, is typically called a web.
Coatings may be applied as liquids, gases or solids. Coatings can be measured and tested for
proper opacity and film thickness by using a drawdown card.
Fig. 3.5 COATING

3.3.5 DEWAXING
Fig. 3.6 DEWAXING
Removing wax from a material or object; a process used to separate solid hydrocarbons from
petroleum. Removal of the wax from a material or a surface. Method is also used in
separation of solid hydrocarbons from petroleum.
3.3.6 MONITORING TEMPERATURE
Fig 3.7 MONITORING TEMPERATURE

3.3.7 SPECTROMETER
A spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used
to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum,
typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials.[1]
The variable measured is
most often the light's intensity but could also, for instance, be the polarization state. The
independent variable is usually the wavelength of the light or a unit directly proportional to
the photon energy, such as wave number or electron volts, which has a reciprocal relationship
to wavelength. A spectrometer is used in spectroscopy for producing spectral lines and
measuring their wavelengths and intensities. Spectrometer is a term that is applied to
instruments that operate over a very wide range of wavelengths, from gamma rays and X-
rays into the far infrared. If the instrument is designed to measure the spectrum in absolute
units absolute units rather than relative units, then it is typically called a spectrophotometer.
The majority of spectrophotometers are used in spectral regions near the visible spectrum.
Fig 3.8 SPECTROMETER

3.3.8 MELTING
Melting, or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance
from a solid to a liquid. The internal energy of a substance is increased, typically by the
application of heat or pressure, resulting in a rise of its temperature to the melting point, at
which the ordering of ionic or molecular entities in the solid breaks down to a less ordered
state and the solid liquefies. An object that has melted completely is molten. Substances in
the molten state generally have reduced viscosity with elevated temperature; an exception to
this maxim is the element sulfur, whose viscosity increases to a point due
to polymerization and then decreases with higher temperatures in its molten state.
Some organic compounds melt through mesophases, states of partial order between solid and
liquid.
Fig 3.9 MELTING DEPARTMENT

To
Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
From
Solid Solid-solid transformation Melting / fusion Sublimation —
Liquid Freezing — Boiling / evaporation —
Gas Deposition Condensation — Ionization
Plasma — — Recombination / deionization —
Fig 3.10 SHELL AFTER METAL POURING

3.3.9 Fettling
The removal of feeders and excess material from a casting - is the first stage of finishing a
casting. The metal removal is often achieved using manual cutting or grinding. However, more
emphasis is being placed on automatic fettling, whereby the casting is placed in a machine
programmed to remove materials from specific areas. The method of fettling must be taken into
account at the initial casting design stage, so that the process is fast and efficient.
Fig 3.11 FETTLING DEPARTMENT
Fig 3.12 SAND BLASTING

Fig 3.13 SHOT BLASTING Fig 3.14 PICKLING
3.3.10 Blasting
Abrasive particles, such as sand, grit or steel shot, are propelled at high velocity to impact the
casting surface to remove surface contaminants. It can also be used to provide a uniform
surface finish to castings. Propulsion of the abrasive particles is usually achieved using a
centrifuge or compressed air nozzles.
3.3.11 PICKLING (METAL)
Pickling is a metal surface treatment used to remove impurities, such as stains, inorganic
contaminants, rust or scale from ferrous metals, copper, and aluminum alloys. A solution
called pickle liquor, which contains strong acids, is used to remove the surface impurities. It
is commonly used to decaled or clean steel in various steelmaking processes.

Chapter-4
QUALITY ASSURANCE
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Quality assurance (QA) refers to the engineering activities implemented in a quality
system so that requirements for a product or service will be fulfilled.[1]
It is the systematic
measurement, comparison with a standard, monitoring of processes and an associated
feedback loop that confers error prevention.[2]
This can be contrasted with quality control,
which is focused on process outputs.
Two principles included in QA are: "Fit for purpose", the product should be suitable for the
intended purpose; and "Right first time", mistakes should be eliminated. QA includes
management of the quality of raw materials, assemblies, products and components, services
related to production, and management, production and inspection processes.
Suitable quality is determined by product users, clients or customers, not by society in
general. It is not related to cost and adjectives or descriptors such "high" and "poor" are not
applicable. For example, a low priced product may be viewed as having high quality because
it is disposable where another may be viewed as having poor quality because it is not
disposable.

Fig 4.1 FINISHED CASTINGS

4.2 WORKING PROCESS PLANNING
 RECEIVE ORDER ACKNOWLEADEMENT (O.A) AND BILL OF MATERIAL
(B.M.)
 REVIEW CHECK/VERIFY/ALL O.A SPECIFICATIONS PUMP MODEL PUMP
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION SEAL TYPE BASE FRAME, COUPLING
GUARD ETC.
 REVIEW CHEK VERIFY B.M THROUGHLY
 OFFER O.A AND B.M TO STORES TO CONFORM AVAILABILITY OF RAW
MATERIAL AND FINISH COMPONENT. ( 1 DAYS )
 O.A AND B.M OFFERED BACK FROM STORES WITH REMARK
AVAILABILITY/NONAVAILBILITY OF MATERIAL.
 GENERATE JOB CARD F-PDN/01B, OFFER TO STORES. ( 1 DAY )
 IN CASE NON AVAILABILITY OF MATERIAL GENRATE PLANNING INDENT
SUBMIT TO PURCHASE.
 ALL ORDERS DETAIL ENTERIES MAINTAINING IN EXCEL SHEET AND ERP
SYSTEM.
 GENERATE WEEKLY PRODUCTION SCHEDULE.
 PLANNING TO MONITOR IMPELLER DIAMETER / HEAD / PUMP CAPACITY
AS PER REQUIREMEN.
 ACCORDINGLY WEEKLY SCHEDULE MONITER MANUFACTURING STATUS
AT ALL STAGES
 CASTING (PRODUCTION) / Q.A / ASSEMBLY / MOLDING / TESTING /
PAINTING / PACKING / DISPATCH.
 MAINTAIN ALL ISO 9001-2008 / RETENTION PERIOD AS PER FREQUENCY.

Fig 4.2 ASSEMBLY & PACKING
4.3 PACKANGING AND LABELING
Packaging is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products for
distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation,
and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of
preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains,
protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells.[1]
In many countries it is fully integrated
into government, business, institutional, industrial, and personal use.
Package labeling (American English) or labeling (British English) is any written, electronic,
or graphic communications on the packaging or on a separate but associated label.
4.4 PURPOSES OF PACKAGING AND PACKAGE LABELS
Diced pork in tray and film overwrap. Label indicates net weight, composition, preparation, etc.
The Union Flag, British Farm Standard tractor logo, and British Meat Quality Standard logo are also
present.
Packaging and package labeling have several objectives:

 Physical protection – The objects enclosed in the package may require protection from,
among other things, mechanical shock, vibration, electrostatic discharge,
compression, temperature,]
etc.
 Barrier protection – A barrier from oxygen, water vapor, dust, etc., is often
required. Permeation is a critical factor in design. Some packages contain
desiccants or Oxygen absorbers to help extend shelf life. Modified atmospheres or
controlled atmospheres are also maintained in some food packages. Keeping the contents
clean, fresh, sterile and safe for the intended shelf life is a primary function.
 Containment or agglomeration – Small objects are typically grouped together in one
package for reasons of efficiency. For example, a single box of 1000 pencils requires less
physical handling than 1000 single pencils. Liquids, powders, and granular
materials need containment.
 Information transmission – Packages and labels communicate how to use,
transport, recycle, or dispose of the package or product. With
pharmaceuticals, food, medical, and chemical products, some types of information
are required by governments. Some packages and labels also are used for track and
trace purposes.
 Marketing – The packaging and labels can be used by marketers to encourage potential
buyers to purchase the product. Package graphic design and physical design have been
important and constantly evolving phenomenon for several decades. Marketing
communications and graphic design are applied to the surface of the package and (in
many cases) the point of sale display.

Fig. 4.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE
Fig 4.4 DIFFERENT TYPES OF TESTING METHODS

CONCLUSION
So this is all about the learning’s at EDR INDUSTRIAL ESTATE within 45 DAYS. To do
my summer training in EDR INDUSTRIAL was a phenomenal learning experience for me.
This one month was a joy ride for me in the mechanical field, and now on completion of my
training I can say that I have gained very sound knowledge in mechanical field.

SAFETY MEASURES
 Always wear helmet for protection of head.
 Always wear spectacles for protection of dust
 Wear dust mask to protect dust from entering nose.
 Wear gloves while doing oily work.
 Always wear shoes to protect our self from electric shock.

EDR Group of Industries training report

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to EDR Group of Industries training report

Similar to EDR Group of Industries training report (20)

More from aman1312

More from aman1312 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

EDR Group of Industries training report