This document discusses several issues with primary education in rural areas of India and proposes solutions. It notes high dropout rates, large student-teacher ratios, and teacher absenteeism as problems. It also notes that rural areas and government schools have particularly low quality of education. Several solutions are proposed, including: 1) A "passive nationalism" program that recruits retired professionals as mentors to improve education; 2) A "Teach for India" model using unemployed graduates as teachers with a stipend; 3) Improving infrastructure with computers and educational TV programs; 4) Using success stories as inspiration; 5) Incentivizing actual learning rather than just enrollment; and 6) A new incentive system rewarding students, teachers and families for

1. Enhancing the Quality
of Primary Education
Pradeep Patil
Priyanka Kondaveeti
Senthil Nathan
Navchetanpreet Singh
Kaushik Mishra
XLRI School Of
Business and Human
Resources,
Jamshedpur.

2. Problem Statement
High dropout rate in primary and upper primary stage
in rural areas
High student to teacher ratio(ratio given is after
combining private and government schools numbers, so
for only government schools it would be higher)
Teachers being regularly absent without formal leave
Enrollment in the 6-14 age group continues to be very
high. But the proportion of out of school children has
increased, especially among girls in the age group of 11
to 14.
Need of more focus on Rural areas
Very low quality of education
0
1
2
3
4
5
Rural Urban
Primary
Upper
Primary
% of students dropouts
32.78
30.71
29
30
31
32
33
Rural Urban
Primary Student Teacher Ratio
Ratio
• Over 96% of all children in the
age group 6 to 14 years are
enrolled in school.
• Girls enrolment
In primary stage 48.13 %,
at higher secondary level 42% .
Parameter % of
students
% of class 5 students who cannot read class 3 text 53.2
% of class 5 students who cannot read class 3 text (Government
schools )
58.3
% of class 3 students who cannot read class 1 text 61.3
% of class 3 students who cannot read class 1 text (Government
schools )
67.7
% of students in class 5 who cannot solve simple two digit
subtraction with borrowing
46.5
The proportion of all children enrolled in Std. V who could not do
division problems
75
Area Number
Rural 63.85 M
Urban 13.8 M
Total 77.6 M

3.  Primary education
 base of entire education system
 plays a major role in development of an individual’s personality.
 In this age children are reluctant to study, and sit in classroom
 Solution
 Dynamic, intelligent, knowledgeable teachers
 Teachers who build interest of children in education
 Adopting innovative and creative approach to schooling.
 In reality, required qualification to be a primary school teacher - D.Ed
( Diploma in Education )
 All those students who were not able to get in to anything after
12th, opt for this diploma.
 D.Ed is not a graduate course
 Thus no innovative ways of teaching
 This results in very low salaries of primary teachers
 A vicious Cycle
 Lack of awareness of importance of education
 Need extra help to earn livelihoods
 Low standard of teachers more a cause of worry than poor infrastructure -
Shantiniketan
 Girls responsible for their younger siblings and other domestic work
 A majority of girl drop outs due to lack of toilets for girls in school premises
Root Causes of Issues Identified
Teacher’s qualification
Other Reasons

4. Our Solutions
The Idea of Passive nationalism
Active Nationalism : Every individual contributed to the independence struggle
In the long run good quality education which starts at primary education stage can free our
society from many menaces
Passive Nationalism : Here to fight these inherent, treacherous problem, every individual
must contribute as per his/her role patiently without expecting materialistic benefits for
longer duration
1. Passive Nationalism
Opportunity
Large number of senior bureaucrats, military personnel and other well
educated people retiring every year.
A willingness in such men to :
remain active
go back to their home/native places and do something for their very
own people
Responsibilities of Mentors
To increase
awareness about
education
Study the situation
and communicate
and resolve all
issues
Act as independent
auditors to keep
tabs on the quality
of education
Conduct training
session for primary
teachers regarding
teaching
methodology,
understanding
psychology of
students to create
interest in
education by
challenging their
curiosity.
Conduct appraisal
of teachers and
power to terminate
non-performing
teachers
To recruit such retired personnel to act
as mentors or guides to few
dedicated villages in their respective
areas
To make use of their experience to
bring about a change in the education
system
Implementation

5. Government should promote passive nationalism through non-
materialistic incentives that give way to pride and satisfaction to
contributing individuals
People nearing the end of their lives can’t be motivated by material
benefits like money,
Incentives
•positive image in society that creates a satisfaction
•reserving seats in railway and buses and giving special passes like
it did to freedom fighters
•Certificate of achievement and publicly praising these people
through local radio channels
•Publicizing their efforts by pasting appreciation posters at
revenue offices, panchayat raj offices etc
•awarding their grandchildren 2 to 3 marks extra in addition to
what they scored in a board exam
1. Passive Nationalism
Government, Retired personnel, Teachers, Students,
Parents, NGOs and in a way the whole Nation
•Finding required number of retired
and able persons who will come
forward to help the cause
•A person good at practice may not
be good at preaching
•A chance for tiffs between school
heads and mentors
•Language diversity
•Time taken to adopt to such a
system

6. Our Solutions
2. Teach for India model in Govt. schools
The Idea
 India has a large number of unemployed educated youth
whose qualifications exceed those required for primary
school teacher
 A two year fellowship in a rural area as a primary teacher in
the schools along the lines of TFI with a basic stipend.
Opportunity
India has a large number of
unemployed educated youth whose
qualifications exceed those required for
primary school teacher
A two year fellowship in a rural area as
a primary teacher in the schools along
the lines of TFI with a basic stipend.
Implementation
Responsibilities of fellows
act as change agents implementing the mentor’s
vision in individual schools
improve the school’s infrastructure by organizing
cooperative actions of the villagers
Be an inspiration for other teachers and help to
highlight issues faced by the teachers before the
mentors
•The fellowship will be
promoted as an
adventurous and noble act
with
•Certificate of fellowship for
two years should be given
special consideration if these
people want to take
government jobs or
admission in post graduate
degree program
APPROACH
•Teachers may raise their voice against downplaying their role
•Compensation issues
• Every unemployed well educated member may not be a good teacher
Challenges

7.  This will transfer the job from those who are made to do it to those who are
willing to do it
 Dedicated scrutinizers and demand of accountability from teachers will make
them work hard and deliver result
 Unemployed and qualified workforce will be given opportunity to work and
teach in innovative ways
 Change in approach towards education from rote learning to practical
learning
 Education will become fun, the thing that is loved by each child
PassiveNationalism
TeachforIndia
model
Advantages
Calculations
 Number of employees retiring every year
 Number of unemployed uneducated
 Number of villages to be defined as an area
 Budget for the initiative

8. Our Solutions
3. Electronic Infrastructure
• Combine entertainment and education to improve quality and
reduce dropouts
• Improve infrastructure at schools by providing computers and
TVs.
• Computers
• to let children play computer games
• other interactive educational purposes
• TV
• to show them educational programs, movies which have noble
theme and message
• the greatest difficulty for students in government schools is
fluency in English
• Showing them worthy English movies is the best way to make
them learn English
- Challenges
• Security
• Finance
4. Success stories
• Create awareness about importance of primary education among
villagers by citing the cases of successful students from that area
• Career Guidance
• A source of Inspiration
• Guide Mentors
• Shortlist such people and organize seminars with them for the
villagers
- Challenges
• Hunt for such role models
• Most of such people – NRIs
• Time issues

9. Our Solutions
5. Activities along the pyramid 6. An Improved Incentive System
Currently , implementation of
schemes to increase enrolment
rates in primary school – Mid
day meal scheme etc.
schools not seen as a place of
learning but as that of an entity
that supports livelihood by
providing food/ cycles/ clothes
etc
enrolment increases, students
get promoted to next classes
but the basic activity of
learning does not take place.
Now time for schemes that
incentivize appropriate
learning.
Incentivize the entire system
that excels - the child, his/her
teacher, his/her parents etc so
that there is a call for collective
efforts.
Monetary Incentives
• Paying a fixed amount to girl children of
government schools who complete
class 12
• An incentive system of rewarding
students & their families for their
academic performance.

10. Thank You