Edema has many types

1. Mr. Ramprasad S M.Sc (N), SCEM
Associate Professor
Medical Surgical Nursing, Neurosciences Nursing
Trainer In Skills Lab, FRT, ENLS, BLS, TCLS, GFATM,
Research Guide,
Reviewer (IJMR/IJNR/IJOGN), (Member
TNAI/NTAI/IPA/NSS/IRS)
Edema

2. Edema
Fluid distribution in the body
60% of the body weight is water
2/3rd of its is ICF and 1/3rd is ECF
ECF is further divided into
Intravascular
Interstitial
Transvascular

3. Definition
Abnormal accumulation of the fluid in the interstitium
located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body. It is a
normal response to the injury or inflammation.

5. Causes
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Reduced osmotic pressure
Increased blood vessel wall permeability
Obstruction of fluid clearance In the lymphatic system

6. Classification
1. Generalized
2. Localized
3. Pitting
4. Non pitting
5. Peripheral
6. Pulmonary
7. Cerebral

7. Generalized
Swelling, puffiness and water retention all over the body or various
parts of the body including abdomen/feet and arms
Symptoms include bloating/ tightening of skin
Causes are:- CHF/CCF, Nephrotic syndrome, Cirrhosis of liver,

9. Localized Edema
Edema that can be observed in the particular areas in the body or organ
or part.
causes are:-trauma / infection/ thrombosis

11. Pitting Edema
Cutaneous edema are called as pitting edema. The indentation still
persists even after a pressure is released from the edematous area.
Causes:- pregnancy , heart failure, varicose veins, thrombophlebitis etc.

13. Peripheral Edema

14. Cerebral edema

15. Dehydration

16. Dehydration
It is a condition where excessive loss of fluids happens
than the intake of fluids

17. Causes
1. Bleeding
2. Surgery
3. Excessive perspiration
4. Use of laxatives
5. Fever
6. Hemodialysis

18. Possible causes
1. Coma
2. Psychiatric illness
3. Acute peritonitis
4. Ascites
5. Burns severe degree

19. Complications
Hypotension
Risk of falls
Deceased cardiac output
Shock
Renal failure
Death

20. Clinical feature
Orthostatic hypotension
Tachycardia
Flattened neck veins
Sunken eyelids
Dark urine and less in volume
Decreased skin turgor and Weakness

21. Diagnostic tests
Check blood CBC and HB
Elevated Serum osmolality
Elevated serum sodium
Increased specific gravity

22. Treatment
Immediate IV fluid therapy
Select low sodium solution (hypotonic) eg: dextrose 5%
Avoid rapid administration of fluids to avoid edema (ideally recorect within 48 hrs)
ORS preparation (at home)

23. Peripheral Venipuncture sites