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Essential College Physics
Chapter 4: Force and
Newton’s Laws of
Motion
Chapter 4 Objectives
• Understand force and mass
• Describe Newton’s three laws of motion
• Analyze the forces in a problem and draw an
appropriate force diagram
• Relate the net force to changes in motion
• Describe the effects of friction and drag
forces
• Recognize the role of forces in circular
motion
Forces (66)
• Contact forces
• Force at a distance
• Tactic 4.1 (67)
Net Force (67)
Free Body Diagram (67)
Newton’s First Law (68)
• Mass and inertia (The law of inertia)
• “A body at rest tends to stay at rest and a
body in motion tends to stay in motion at a
constant velocity unless acted upon by an
unbalanced, external force.”
• “If the net force on an object is zero, then the
object maintains constant velocity.”
Newton’s Second Law (69)
netF m a 
Net force, N
Mass, kg
Acceleration, m/s2
Weight (70)
• The force exerted by the earth’s gravitational
pull
• The acceleration due to gravity: g=9.8 m/s2
• SI system versus the English system
w m g Weight, N
Mass, kg
Acceleration due to
gravity, 9.8 m/s2
Frames of Reference (71)
Newton’s Third Law (71)
• “To every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction.”
• “When two objects interact, the force that
object A exerts on object B is equal in
magnitude and opposite in direction to the
force that B exerts on A.”
• Rocket thrust (71)
AB BAF F 
Newton’s Laws Problems
• Conceptual Example 4.2 (72)
• Example 4.3 (72)
• Conceptual Example 4.4 (73)
Problem Solving (75)
Normal Force (75)
The Normal Force (75)
More Problems
• Example 4.6 (78)
• Example 4.7 (78)
Atwood Machine Lab
• Purpose: To predict the acceleration of a two
body system
• Motion detector (protect it!)
• Close to equal masses
• Calculate per cent error
Friction (79)
• Relevant factors
• Static friction, kinetic friction, rolling friction,
drag
f n Frictional
force, N
Coefficient of
friction (no units)
Normal force, N
Friction (80)
Friction Problems (80)
• Example 4.8 (80)
• Example 4.9 (81)
• Example 4.10 (82)
Centripetal Force (84)
• String, rope, chain, or gravity
2
r
mv
F
R

2
r 2
4 mR
F
T


Centripetal
Force, N
Mass, kg
Mass, kg
Velocity, m/s
Radius, m
Period, s
Centripetal Force Problems
• Example 4.11 (84)
• Example 4.12 (85)
• Example 4.13 (85)
Chapter 4 Problem Sets
• Honors: P. 88, Ex. 30, 42, 44, 48, 50, 60, 62,
64, 66, 68, 74, 84, 94, 112
• UConn: P. 88, Ex. 30, 42, 44, 48, 50, 56, 58, 60,
62, 64, 66, 68, 74, 84, 94, 102, 112, 114

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Ecp4

  • 1. Essential College Physics Chapter 4: Force and Newton’s Laws of Motion
  • 2. Chapter 4 Objectives • Understand force and mass • Describe Newton’s three laws of motion • Analyze the forces in a problem and draw an appropriate force diagram • Relate the net force to changes in motion • Describe the effects of friction and drag forces • Recognize the role of forces in circular motion
  • 3. Forces (66) • Contact forces • Force at a distance • Tactic 4.1 (67)
  • 6. Newton’s First Law (68) • Mass and inertia (The law of inertia) • “A body at rest tends to stay at rest and a body in motion tends to stay in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced, external force.” • “If the net force on an object is zero, then the object maintains constant velocity.”
  • 7. Newton’s Second Law (69) netF m a  Net force, N Mass, kg Acceleration, m/s2
  • 8. Weight (70) • The force exerted by the earth’s gravitational pull • The acceleration due to gravity: g=9.8 m/s2 • SI system versus the English system w m g Weight, N Mass, kg Acceleration due to gravity, 9.8 m/s2
  • 10. Newton’s Third Law (71) • “To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.” • “When two objects interact, the force that object A exerts on object B is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that B exerts on A.” • Rocket thrust (71) AB BAF F 
  • 11. Newton’s Laws Problems • Conceptual Example 4.2 (72) • Example 4.3 (72) • Conceptual Example 4.4 (73)
  • 15. More Problems • Example 4.6 (78) • Example 4.7 (78)
  • 16. Atwood Machine Lab • Purpose: To predict the acceleration of a two body system • Motion detector (protect it!) • Close to equal masses • Calculate per cent error
  • 17. Friction (79) • Relevant factors • Static friction, kinetic friction, rolling friction, drag f n Frictional force, N Coefficient of friction (no units) Normal force, N
  • 19. Friction Problems (80) • Example 4.8 (80) • Example 4.9 (81) • Example 4.10 (82)
  • 20. Centripetal Force (84) • String, rope, chain, or gravity 2 r mv F R  2 r 2 4 mR F T   Centripetal Force, N Mass, kg Mass, kg Velocity, m/s Radius, m Period, s
  • 21. Centripetal Force Problems • Example 4.11 (84) • Example 4.12 (85) • Example 4.13 (85)
  • 22. Chapter 4 Problem Sets • Honors: P. 88, Ex. 30, 42, 44, 48, 50, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 74, 84, 94, 112 • UConn: P. 88, Ex. 30, 42, 44, 48, 50, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 74, 84, 94, 102, 112, 114