economic growth and income distribution
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This document discusses economic growth and income distribution in Indonesia. It provides definitions of economic growth and economic development, and methods for measuring economic growth. It then outlines several economic theories that can explain growth, such as classical, Schumpeter, Harrod-Domar, and neo-classical theories. Key factors determining economic growth in Indonesia are identified as land, population, capital goods, technology, and entrepreneurship. The document also discusses indicators for measuring income inequality like the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient, and causes of uneven income distribution. Statistics from Badan Pusat Statistik show Indonesia's GDP growth of 2.8% in Q2 2012, led by trade, utilities, and construction sectors.
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Econ606 chapter 26 2020
This chapter discusses key macroeconomic concepts including:
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This document discusses economic growth and factors that influence it. It defines economic growth as an increase in potential GDP over time, measured by expanding production capabilities. Growth rates are calculated by comparing GDP values between years. Economic growth increases standards of living by raising GDP per capita. While population growth reduces growth in GDP per person, productivity gains can outweigh this effect and allow sustained increases in living standards over long periods. Factors driving productivity and growth include investment in physical and human capital, technology advances, and strong economic institutions.
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Similar to economic growth and income distribution
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This document provides a summary of economic concepts related to Pakistan's economy including:
- Economic development refers to improving economic, political, and social well-being and has a relationship with the environment. In contrast, economic growth is a rise in market productivity and GDP.
- Pakistan faces challenges to economic development like market imperfections, price distortions, and unemployment. Its key resources include natural gas, coal, gold, and minerals administered by agencies like the Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation.
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Challenges And Opportunities Of Globalisation
Globalization: challenges and opportunities
Abstract:
Globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon. The paper identify some of the
Challenges it poses, as well as some of the opportunities it offers. Attention is focused on three major aspects of globalization namely economic, cultural, and political.
During 1990 to 2003, the volume of world trade has increased and the higher and middle-income countries managed to increase their share in world trade mainly due to the opening up of economies because of globalization. The middle-income countries had invited more Foreign Direct Investment during the period and the per capita GDP of the low-income countries was marginally increased. This resulted into the economic inequality, which widened between different income groups. In other words globalization has been confined to developed countries and developing countries were able to participate in the process.
However, globalization should not be accused for loosing share of the low-income countries. These countries suffered from internal problems like rapid rise in population, infrastructure bottlenecks, weak financial markets and so on.
Globalization and its benefits required a conducive environment to ensure higher returns and larger markets for foreign investors. To get a share of global capital, technology and output, developing countries had to upgrade their social and economic institutions through administrative, legislative and legal reforms.
Globalization merely provides opportunities to flourish. Globalization is not a tool to produce equality of outcome but it produces equality of opportunity for those with right mindset. Therefore developing countries require focusing on economic restructuring, developing market-supporting institutions and creating efficient regulatory mechanisms.
The low-income countries cannot survive at their own; they require international assistance and a support mechanism so as to facilitate their participation in the process of globalization. The challenge of the hour is to make globalization work towards global prosperity through disaggregate development. The critically necessity in this context are the collective and cooperative actions which should be realized by all countries of the world and particularly the developed ones.
Economic growth and inequality.
This document summarizes an economic report analyzing the relationship between economic growth and inequality in 73 countries from 1993-2013. Two regression models were used to examine the impact of various economic variables on the rate of economic growth. The first model found a positive relationship between internal direct investment and growth. The second model found positive relationships between gross capital formation and growth. Both models found negative relationships between the GINI index, government debt, and GDP per capita with economic growth. The analysis aims to better understand how inequality impacts economic growth.
Lecturenote 1532939641 ch1 note de
Development economics focuses on improving economic conditions in developing countries. It examines both macroeconomic and microeconomic factors relating to growth and the structure of developing economies. Some key aspects studied include population growth, education, health, trade, and the impact of disasters on development. Economic growth refers to a sustained increase in a country's GDP, while development is a broader concept that also encompasses improvements to standards of living through factors like health, education and employment. Development is measured using indicators like the Human Development Index (HDI) which considers factors like life expectancy, education, and income, and the Human Poverty Index (HPI) which examines deprivations in basic dimensions of life.
Equity update (July 2021) | ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund
Valuations are not cheap, Business Cycle remains in the nascent stage. We believe, the current macro-economic scenario is much more conducive for a Business Cycle Recovery due to Global and domestic policy response.
Inflation in india
This document defines inflation and discusses its causes, effects, measurement, relationship to unemployment, and control measures. It outlines several theories of inflation including demand-pull, cost-push, and structural inflation. Causes of each type are described. The document also discusses measuring inflation through price indices, the difference between the WPI and CPI, core inflation, and reforms to the CPI. The effects of inflation on different groups like fixed income classes, borrowers, lenders, producers, and the government are analyzed. Fiscal and monetary policy measures to control inflation are outlined. India's inflation rates from 2012-2014 are reported.
Job less growth
The wave of Economic reforms appeared on India’s shores in 1991, much after china’s and other south East Asian countries such as Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong. Due to economic reforms, however delayed they were, Indian economy were able to brake the shackles of heavy protectionism and license raj. Economic reforms (1980s reforms and 1991 reforms) did bring out the economy from the shameful reference of so called “Hindu Growth rate” of witnessing almost stagnant 3.5% GDP growth rate. Since independence India being a country with a demographic reality which are both challenging and unique, has a perennial problem of providing employment to millions of job seekers. The other fact which is unique to India only is that service sector contribution into growth rate has risen sharply in the developing countries’ economies like India in nineties, and, therefore, have become a self propelling and dynamic sector in the accelerated growth in the economies.
This study focuses on service sector as a vector of Indian globalization. The impact of new economic reforms which acted as a catalyst for service sector is to be reviewed as they opened door for the growth rate of the country and made India a destination of FDI inflow and out flow but that increased growth rate is not translated in providing employment to the millions.
Job less growth
The wave of Economic reforms appeared on India’s shores in 1991, much after china’s and other south East Asian countries such as Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong. Due to economic reforms, however delayed they were, Indian economy were able to brake the shackles of heavy protectionism and license raj. Economic reforms (1980s reforms and 1991 reforms) did bring out the economy from the shameful reference of so called “Hindu Growth rate” of witnessing almost stagnant 3.5% GDP growth rate. Since independence India being a country with a demographic reality which are both challenging and unique, has a perennial problem of providing employment to millions of job seekers. The other fact which is unique to India only is that service sector contribution into growth rate has risen sharply in the developing countries’ economies like India in nineties, and, therefore, have become a self propelling and dynamic sector in the accelerated growth in the economies.
This study focuses on service sector as a vector of Indian globalization. The impact of new economic reforms which acted as a catalyst for service sector is to be reviewed as they opened door for the growth rate of the country and made India a destination of FDI inflow and out flow but that increased growth rate is not translated in providing employment to the millions.
INDIAN ECONOMY - Economic survey 2017-28 Part 1 | Jatin Verma
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This year it was released on January 29, 2018 before the Budget 2018-19.
The Economic Survey projects the official version of the state of the economy of India.
Module 5 2 efm - business cycle
The document provides information on business cycles, inflation, price indices, and a SWOT analysis of the Indian economy. It defines business cycles as alternating periods of economic expansion and contraction. There are typically four phases in a business cycle: expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. Causes of business cycles include under/over consumption, innovations, and natural disasters. Inflation is defined as a persistent rise in general price levels. Price indices measure changes in prices between periods. The SWOT analysis identifies strengths like agriculture and skilled workforce, weaknesses like population growth and literacy, opportunities in infrastructure and FDI, and threats like global recession and growing inflation.
Challenges And Opportunities Of Globalisation
Globalization: challenges and opportunities
Abstract:
Globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon. The paper identify some of the
Challenges it poses, as well as some of the opportunities it offers. Attention is focused on three major aspects of globalization namely economic, cultural, and political.
During 1990 to 2003, the volume of world trade has increased and the higher and middle-income countries managed to increase their share in world trade mainly due to the opening up of economies because of globalization. The middle-income countries had invited more Foreign Direct Investment during the period and the per capita GDP of the low-income countries was marginally increased. This resulted into the economic inequality, which widened between different income groups. In other words globalization has been confined to developed countries and developing countries were able to participate in the process.
However, globalization should not be accused for loosing share of the low-income countries. These countries suffered from internal problems like rapid rise in population, infrastructure bottlenecks, weak financial markets and so on.
Globalization and its benefits required a conducive environment to ensure higher returns and larger markets for foreign investors. To get a share of global capital, technology and output, developing countries had to upgrade their social and economic institutions through administrative, legislative and legal reforms.
Globalization merely provides opportunities to flourish. Globalization is not a tool to produce equality of outcome but it produces equality of opportunity for those with right mindset. Therefore developing countries require focusing on economic restructuring, developing market-supporting institutions and creating efficient regulatory mechanisms.
The low-income countries cannot survive at their own; they require international assistance and a support mechanism so as to facilitate their participation in the process of globalization. The challenge of the hour is to make globalization work towards global prosperity through disaggregate development. The critically necessity in this context are the collective and cooperative actions which should be realized by all countries of the world and particularly the developed ones.
World economy
The document discusses India's economic growth and development since independence. It notes that India has made progress reducing poverty and inequality, but still faces challenges in areas like employment and education. Several states have recently relaxed some labor laws to revive industry amid the pandemic, which could both help and hurt the economy and workers. As a manager, factors to consider regarding relaxed laws include prioritizing employee safety, supporting remote work, and engaging with customers and officials during the crisis.
A280109
1) The document analyzes macroeconomic variables like interest rates, exchange rates, money supply, inflation expectations, GDP, and inflation in China, India, Vietnam, and Indonesia from 2000 to 2017 to determine leading indicators of economic stability.
2) The ARDL panel analysis shows that leading indicators of controlling economic stability differ across countries. For India it is interest rates, exchange rates, money supply, inflation expectations, and GDP. For Vietnam it is interest rates, money supply, and GDP. For Indonesia it is interest rates and money supply, and for China it is money supply.
3) The analysis finds that money supply has a significant effect on inflation in the panel as a whole, but results vary by country
IJSRED-V2I1P14
The document analyzes the evolution of economic growth in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2010 to 2014. It finds that while recovery measures were implemented to stabilize the economy after years of turmoil, fundamental imbalances remained that slowed growth. The period from 2010-2014 marked a new era of economic reforms and stabilization with international openness after political instability and disruption. However, economic mismanagement distorted fiscal and monetary cycles, leading to currency devaluation, financial collapse, and high inflation that paralyzed investment. Going forward, authorities must promote long-term private investment and ensure growth benefits all Congolese.
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economic growth and income distribution
- 1. GROUP Member of the group : Annisa Mahardhika Putri Bachtiar Hidayat Rheza Muhammad Shindy Pangestika
- 3. Economic growth Economic growth has slightly different meanings with economic development. Economic growth is an increase in real GDP or GNP. While economic development is development that occurs in the physical economy of a State, such as increasing the number and production of industrial goods, infrastructure development, the number of schools, increased production activity - existing economic activities, and other developments. Economic development = economic growth + changes
- 4. Measuring economic growth Gt = ( PDBR1 – PDBRt-1 ) X 100 % PDBRt-1 Note: • Gt = Economic growth period t (quarterly or annually) • PDBR1 = Gross Domestic Product Rill period t (accordance to constant prices) • PDBRt-1 = PDBR the previous period
- 5. Factors That Determine The Economic Growth 1. Land and other lam wealth. 2. The number and quality of the population and labor force. 3. Capital goods and technology level. 4. Social systems and attitudes. 5. Money. 6. Management. 7. Entrepreneurship. 8. Information.
- 7. CLASSICAL THEORY Stressing on the importance of production factors in raising national income and sustainable growth. However, the classical economists, especially note is the role of labor. According to their excessive labor will affect economic growth.
- 8. SCHUMPETER THEORY Emphasizing the role of entrepreneurs who will undertake innovation and investment to achieve economic growth.
- 9. HARROD-DOMAR THEORY Indicates the role of investment as a factor leading to increase aggregate spending.
- 10. NEO-CLASSICAL THEORY This theory through empirical study shows that the development of technology and increasing the skills of the people is the most important factor to realize economic growth.
- 11. Income Distribution The distribution of income is a broader concept than poverty because of include not only analyze the population is below poverty.
- 12. The cause of the uneven distribution of income by adelman and morris (1973) 1) High population growth 2) Inequality of development between regions 3) Many investments in capital-intensive projects 4) Low social mobility 5) inflation 6) Industry policy is not appropriate 7) Bad exchange rate (terms of trade) 8) The destruction of handicrafts industry
- 13. Terms Of Economic Growth That Will Generate Income Distribution 1) Expanding employment opportunities 2) improve productivity
- 14. Indicators are used to measure inequality of income distribution 1. The Lorenz Curve Income distribution could be said worse if the curve lorenz curve further away from the diagonal line. Of the vertical axis is the percentage of national output or national income. 2. Gini Coeficient Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality of income distribution to calculate the area of the curve lorenz. 3. World Bank Criteria In looking at the distribution of income, the World Bank has established criteria, ie mengkur income distribution of a country.
- 15. Lorentz Curve
- 16. BADAN PUSAT STATISTIK No. 54/08/Th. XV, 6 Agustus 2012 PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA TRIWULAN II- 2012 EKONOMI INDONESIA TRIWULAN II-2012 TUMBUH 6,4 PERSEN Pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia yang diukur berdasarkan kenaikan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) pada triwulan II-2012 mencapai 2,8 persen dibanding triwulan I-2012
- 17. Besaran PDB atas dasar harga berlaku pada triwulan II-2012 mencapai Rp2.050,1 triliun, sedangkan PDB atas dasar harga konstan 2000 pada triwulan yang sama sebesar Rp650,6 triliun. Tiga sektor yang mengalami pertumbuhan tertinggi adalah 1. Sektor Perdagangan, Hotel dan Restoran 5,2 persen 2. Sektor Listrik, Gas, dan Air Bersih 4,6 persen dan 3. Sektor Konstruksi 4,4 persen.
- 18. THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION
- 19. Pertanyaan TERMIN • M. Haegkal (6) Teori yang cocok untuk di terapkan dalam perekonomian di Indonesia? • M. Iqbal (3) Faktor pertumbuhan ekonomi yang menunjang di Indonesia? • Widia (1) PDB atas dasar harga konstan dengan PDB? TERMIN 2 • Taufik (4) Mengapa informasi menjadi faktor yang penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi? • Julia (10) Kriteria bank dunia, dimana kah posisi Indonesia? • Donna (2) Apa yang dimaksud proyek padat modal, dan kenapa investasi memengaruhi ketimpangan distribusi pendpatan?