Ecology
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This document contains summaries of several articles about threats facing different animal species and environmental pollution issues: - Sumatran rhinoceros populations have been reduced to only 6 groups due to illegal poaching for their horns in traditional Chinese medicine. - The American manatee's habitat has been reduced by human development in coastal areas, and many are killed by motorboat propellers or ingesting fishing gear. - Elephant seals were hunted for food by sailors, with over 10,000 taken from the Galapagos islands in just 36 years, driving the species near extinction.
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The document summarizes key facts about marine life and the ocean. It discusses the different zones of the ocean, including the pelagic, benthic, abyssal, and intertidal zones. It also outlines some plant and animal species found in the ocean, such as kelp, phytoplankton, coral, clown fish, puffer fish, and leafy sea dragons. Statistics provided include that the ocean contains 70% of the Earth's surface and that life in the sea began over 3 billion years ago.
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Threats to coral reef
Coral reefs are underwater ecosystems built from calcified structures secreted by coral polyps. They are threatened by both natural hazards such as hurricanes, tsunamis, and diseases, as well as human activities including pollution, overfishing, tourism, and coastal development. Major threats include oil spills that poison the reefs, sedimentation from coastal construction that smothers coral, overharvesting of fish and shells, and physical damage from tourists and boats. Climate change is also a growing threat as rising water temperatures cause coral bleaching events.
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Bansaan Island is a small, boomerang-shaped coral island located 7 kilometers north of Talibon, Bohol in the Philippines. It has an area of around 25 hectares and a highest elevation of only 1.5 meters above sea level. The island has white sand beaches, mangroves, abandoned fishponds, and supports a diversity of wildlife including many migratory birds. However, it has no permanent fresh water source or electricity, and development would be challenging due to the small size and low elevation of the island.
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Recommended
Blair R8
The document summarizes key facts about marine life and the ocean. It discusses the different zones of the ocean, including the pelagic, benthic, abyssal, and intertidal zones. It also outlines some plant and animal species found in the ocean, such as kelp, phytoplankton, coral, clown fish, puffer fish, and leafy sea dragons. Statistics provided include that the ocean contains 70% of the Earth's surface and that life in the sea began over 3 billion years ago.
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Threats to coral reef
Coral reefs are underwater ecosystems built from calcified structures secreted by coral polyps. They are threatened by both natural hazards such as hurricanes, tsunamis, and diseases, as well as human activities including pollution, overfishing, tourism, and coastal development. Major threats include oil spills that poison the reefs, sedimentation from coastal construction that smothers coral, overharvesting of fish and shells, and physical damage from tourists and boats. Climate change is also a growing threat as rising water temperatures cause coral bleaching events.
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The pallid sturgeon lives near the bottom of strong river currents consisting of sand and gravel. It is endangered due to commercial fishing and habitat modification from dams and navigation channels, which has caused their numbers to decrease sharply in the Arkansas River. Pallid sturgeons feed on insect larvae, shrimp, and small clams, and are protected by laws prohibiting fishing and restricting man-made channels to help conserve their population.
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Sea turtles face many threats including being caught as bycatch in fishing nets where they are unable to surface and breathe. All sea turtle species are listed as threatened or endangered. While long-lining and gillnets pose dangers, relatively inexpensive changes to fishing techniques such as using larger hooks and traps that allow turtles to escape can significantly reduce sea turtle mortality.
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aquatic animals
Aquatic animals live in water for all or most of their lives. They breathe either through gills or directly through their skin. Fish live in water and breathe by taking water into their mouths and passing it over their gills to extract oxygen. Marine habitats are home to seaweeds, sea grasses, and mangroves, while freshwater habitats include lakes, rivers, and streams that are home to many animal species around the world. Coastal habitats also provide home to various species where land meets the sea, such as beaches, rock pools, estuaries, and mangroves.
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Coral reefs provide important benefits by protecting coastlines from waves and storms, and by providing habitat for many marine organisms, but they face numerous threats to their existence. Coral reefs are being degraded by overfishing, pollution from sewage and agriculture, outbreaks of predatory starfish, invasive species, and sedimentation from land use, threatening their important functions and diverse ecosystems.
Relationships in coral reef presentation
This document discusses different types of symbiotic relationships in marine ecosystems:
- Competition: Sea sponges use chemical warfare to compete for space, with toxic varieties often outcompeting non-toxic ones.
- Predation: Tiger sharks prey on green sea turtles, using their senses and teeth to overcome the turtles' thick shells.
- Parasitism: Fish doctor isopods attach to fish, sucking their blood until the fish dies.
- Mutualism: Zooxanthellae algae live in coral tissues and provide nutrients to the coral in exchange for waste, essential to coral survival.
- Commensalism: Imperial shrimp ride on sea cucumbers for transportation
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Corals are colonies of tiny polyp animals that build reef structures by secreting limestone, while also hosting symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae that provide food through photosynthesis. However, when corals experience stress like higher water temperatures, they expel the zooxanthellae in a process called bleaching which can damage or kill the coral. While bleaching stresses corals, recovering is possible if the stressful conditions do not last too long and the corals are able to regain their symbiotic algae.
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Coral reefs are underwater ecosystems composed of calcium carbonate structures secreted by coral polyps. Coral polyps are tiny marine animals that cluster together in colonies to form reefs. Reefs grow best in warm, sunny, shallow, clear, and agitated waters. Major threats to coral reefs include sediment, nutrient, and pesticide pollution from coastal runoff, which encourages algal blooms and crown-of-thorns starfish that damage the reefs. Over half of Australia's Great Barrier Reef has seen coral decline since 1985 due to these pollution-driven threats.
Coral reefs
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Coral bleaching is caused by stressors that cause corals to expel algae living in their tissues, leaving the coral pale or white. A document discusses coral bleaching in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It describes how corals get their color from algae and the structure of coral reefs. Mass bleaching events in this region occurred in 1998, 2002, 2005, and 2010 due to increased sea surface temperatures, with some islands seeing over 50% of corals affected. prolonged bleaching can kill corals and reduce biodiversity in coral reef ecosystems.
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This presentation is for my school assessment on global environments. I chose coral reefs. My project explains coral reefs and the geographical processes involved with it as well.
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The blue whale is the largest animal on Earth, weighing up to 200 tons and having a heart the size of a Volkswagen Beetle. It communicates using extremely loud calls that can be heard for hundreds of miles. While commercial whaling has ceased, blue whales remain threatened by environmental changes, ship strikes, and fishing gear entanglements. The annual drive hunts in Taiji, Japan result in the brutal killing of hundreds of thousands of dolphins and small whales over the fall and winter months using methods that can take many minutes for animals to die. Despite introducing a dolphin swim program, the people of Taiji intend to continue their traditional slaughter.
Coral reef
The document discusses coral reef biodiversity and the Great Barrier Reef. It describes the Great Barrier Reef as a collection of over 3000 coral reefs off Australia's coast, forming one of the natural wonders of the world. It is home to thousands of species and provides food and jobs to the local economy. However, the reef is threatened by pollution, coastal development, ship traffic, and climate change, which have already damaged and killed parts of the reef. The reef ecosystem is highly complex, with coral polyps, fish, sharks, rays, and other species interacting as producers, grazers, predators, and through symbiotic relationships.
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This document is an assignment submitted by Krishna to their senior librarian on the topic of fish rain. It provides an introduction to fish rain as a meteorological phenomenon caused by waterspouts lifting fish into the air. It then discusses several historical reports of fish rain events in locations like Louisiana, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh. Specific details are given about fish rain events near Jamnagar in 2009 and in Nandigama, Andhra Pradesh in 2015. The document concludes by listing several references used in the assignment.
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Corals are endangered marine animals that build reef structures. They are threatened by illegal poaching, overfishing, pollution, and climate change impacts like coral bleaching. Ten critically endangered coral species are highlighted, including elkhorn coral which has declined 90-95% in the Florida Keys. Conservation efforts aim to protect these corals and reef ecosystems by reducing threats and educating people on sustainable practices like not touching or walking on reefs.
Threats to Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are important ecosystems that provide habitat for many species and economic benefits but they are globally threatened. The main threats to coral reefs are both natural disturbances like hurricanes, tsunamis and bleaching events as well as numerous human activities such as overfishing, coastal development, pollution and climate change. These human impacts compound the effects of natural stressors and put coral reefs at high risk of damage and decline worldwide.
Great barrier reef.
The Great Barrier Reef lies off the northeast coast of Australia and contains over 600 types of corals and 1,000 species of fish and other sea life. It is the world's largest coral reef system, spanning over 1,400 miles and varying depths from shallow waters to deep ocean. However, the Great Barrier Reef is threatened by pollution, coastal development, tourism, and other human impacts that can damage the delicate coral reefs.
Jellyfish Swarm Northward In Warming World
1) Jellyfish populations have been increasing in Japanese waters and causing problems for fishermen by contaminating catches and clogging nets.
2) Warming ocean temperatures due to climate change have allowed jellyfish to expand their ranges and increase in numbers. Some jellyfish species are appearing earlier and in greater abundances.
3) A Japanese scientist studied the life cycle of the Nomura's jellyfish and determined they are riding ocean currents from Chinese waters, where pollution and overfishing have benefited their growth, to Japanese waters.
Coral reefs
This document provides an overview of coral reefs, including:
1) How coral reefs are formed over time as volcanic islands sink beneath the ocean, with fringing reefs forming and eventually becoming barrier reefs or atolls.
2) The different areas that make up a coral reef including the reef surface, off reef shore, reef face, reef flats, and reef lagoon.
3) Examples of animals that live in coral reefs like colorful fish, sea turtles, sharks, dolphins, and whales.
Conservation strategies for LOKTAK lake ecosystem
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Situated in Moirang town of Bishnupur District in the state of Manipur, India. Considering its ecological status and biodiversity values the lake was designated as a Ramsar site on 23rd March 1990, with the reference number 463. It is listed under the Montreux Record on 16th June 1993 which is a record of Ramsar sites ‘where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur by human activities and pollution.
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Bethany 2
Sea turtles face many threats including being caught as bycatch in fishing nets where they are unable to surface and breathe. All sea turtle species are listed as threatened or endangered. While long-lining and gillnets pose dangers, relatively inexpensive changes to fishing techniques such as using larger hooks and traps that allow turtles to escape can significantly reduce sea turtle mortality.
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The document discusses the Sundarbans, a mangrove forest located in the delta region between India and Bangladesh. It describes the two main ecoregions as the freshwater swamp forest and the brackish swamp forest dominated by Sundari mangroves. The Sundarbans contain a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including 245 plant species, 270 tigers, and 170 bird species. However, populations of some plants and animals have declined in recent decades due to threats like loss of habitat.
aquatic animals
Aquatic animals live in water for all or most of their lives. They breathe either through gills or directly through their skin. Fish live in water and breathe by taking water into their mouths and passing it over their gills to extract oxygen. Marine habitats are home to seaweeds, sea grasses, and mangroves, while freshwater habitats include lakes, rivers, and streams that are home to many animal species around the world. Coastal habitats also provide home to various species where land meets the sea, such as beaches, rock pools, estuaries, and mangroves.
Coral reefs
Coral reefs provide important benefits by protecting coastlines from waves and storms, and by providing habitat for many marine organisms, but they face numerous threats to their existence. Coral reefs are being degraded by overfishing, pollution from sewage and agriculture, outbreaks of predatory starfish, invasive species, and sedimentation from land use, threatening their important functions and diverse ecosystems.
Relationships in coral reef presentation
This document discusses different types of symbiotic relationships in marine ecosystems:
- Competition: Sea sponges use chemical warfare to compete for space, with toxic varieties often outcompeting non-toxic ones.
- Predation: Tiger sharks prey on green sea turtles, using their senses and teeth to overcome the turtles' thick shells.
- Parasitism: Fish doctor isopods attach to fish, sucking their blood until the fish dies.
- Mutualism: Zooxanthellae algae live in coral tissues and provide nutrients to the coral in exchange for waste, essential to coral survival.
- Commensalism: Imperial shrimp ride on sea cucumbers for transportation
Great barrier reef
Corals are colonies of tiny polyp animals that build reef structures by secreting limestone, while also hosting symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae that provide food through photosynthesis. However, when corals experience stress like higher water temperatures, they expel the zooxanthellae in a process called bleaching which can damage or kill the coral. While bleaching stresses corals, recovering is possible if the stressful conditions do not last too long and the corals are able to regain their symbiotic algae.
Great barrier-reef-modi
The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world, stretching over 1,400 miles off the coast of Australia. It is made up of over 2,000 individual reefs and is home to thousands of species, but it is in critical condition due to mass bleaching events in 2016 and 2017 that bleached over two-thirds of its coral. While some experts are pessimistic that it can recover from this back-to-back bleaching, others believe the Great Barrier Reef can still be saved if urgent action is taken to curb climate change in line with the Paris Agreement.
Economic benifits of estuary system
Estuaries provide economic benefits through tourism, the food industry, and protection of infrastructure. They support fisheries and commercial activities that supply natural resources for tourism destinations like the Puerto Princesa Underground River. Products from estuaries like scallops, clams, oysters, and mussels are a major contributor to the aquatic industry. Estuaries also protect coastal areas and support important public infrastructure by serving as harbors and ports vital for shipping, transportation, and industry.
Coral reefs camron
Coral reefs are underwater ecosystems composed of calcium carbonate structures secreted by coral polyps. Coral polyps are tiny marine animals that cluster together in colonies to form reefs. Reefs grow best in warm, sunny, shallow, clear, and agitated waters. Major threats to coral reefs include sediment, nutrient, and pesticide pollution from coastal runoff, which encourages algal blooms and crown-of-thorns starfish that damage the reefs. Over half of Australia's Great Barrier Reef has seen coral decline since 1985 due to these pollution-driven threats.
Coral reefs
Coral reefs are large ecosystems built from calcium carbonate secreted by corals. They provide habitat for 25% of marine species despite occupying less than 0.1% of the ocean. Coral reefs flourish in shallow, tropical waters where there is enough light for algae and plankton to photosynthesize. While most prominent in the Caribbean, Indian Ocean, and South Pacific, coral reefs also exist in non-tropical areas like the Red Sea and Great Barrier Reef due to warming currents. The UK has recently discovered cold water coral reefs using underwater cameras that are home to exotic marine life but may be damaged by fishing boats before being explored.
Coral Reefs
Coral bleaching is caused by stressors that cause corals to expel algae living in their tissues, leaving the coral pale or white. A document discusses coral bleaching in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It describes how corals get their color from algae and the structure of coral reefs. Mass bleaching events in this region occurred in 1998, 2002, 2005, and 2010 due to increased sea surface temperatures, with some islands seeing over 50% of corals affected. prolonged bleaching can kill corals and reduce biodiversity in coral reef ecosystems.
Coral Reefs
This presentation is for my school assessment on global environments. I chose coral reefs. My project explains coral reefs and the geographical processes involved with it as well.
Blue whales
The blue whale is the largest animal on Earth, weighing up to 200 tons and having a heart the size of a Volkswagen Beetle. It communicates using extremely loud calls that can be heard for hundreds of miles. While commercial whaling has ceased, blue whales remain threatened by environmental changes, ship strikes, and fishing gear entanglements. The annual drive hunts in Taiji, Japan result in the brutal killing of hundreds of thousands of dolphins and small whales over the fall and winter months using methods that can take many minutes for animals to die. Despite introducing a dolphin swim program, the people of Taiji intend to continue their traditional slaughter.
Coral reef
The document discusses coral reef biodiversity and the Great Barrier Reef. It describes the Great Barrier Reef as a collection of over 3000 coral reefs off Australia's coast, forming one of the natural wonders of the world. It is home to thousands of species and provides food and jobs to the local economy. However, the reef is threatened by pollution, coastal development, ship traffic, and climate change, which have already damaged and killed parts of the reef. The reef ecosystem is highly complex, with coral polyps, fish, sharks, rays, and other species interacting as producers, grazers, predators, and through symbiotic relationships.
Fish rain (krishna)
This document is an assignment submitted by Krishna to their senior librarian on the topic of fish rain. It provides an introduction to fish rain as a meteorological phenomenon caused by waterspouts lifting fish into the air. It then discusses several historical reports of fish rain events in locations like Louisiana, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh. Specific details are given about fish rain events near Jamnagar in 2009 and in Nandigama, Andhra Pradesh in 2015. The document concludes by listing several references used in the assignment.
Corals
Corals are endangered marine animals that build reef structures. They are threatened by illegal poaching, overfishing, pollution, and climate change impacts like coral bleaching. Ten critically endangered coral species are highlighted, including elkhorn coral which has declined 90-95% in the Florida Keys. Conservation efforts aim to protect these corals and reef ecosystems by reducing threats and educating people on sustainable practices like not touching or walking on reefs.
Threats to Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are important ecosystems that provide habitat for many species and economic benefits but they are globally threatened. The main threats to coral reefs are both natural disturbances like hurricanes, tsunamis and bleaching events as well as numerous human activities such as overfishing, coastal development, pollution and climate change. These human impacts compound the effects of natural stressors and put coral reefs at high risk of damage and decline worldwide.
Great barrier reef.
The Great Barrier Reef lies off the northeast coast of Australia and contains over 600 types of corals and 1,000 species of fish and other sea life. It is the world's largest coral reef system, spanning over 1,400 miles and varying depths from shallow waters to deep ocean. However, the Great Barrier Reef is threatened by pollution, coastal development, tourism, and other human impacts that can damage the delicate coral reefs.
Jellyfish Swarm Northward In Warming World
1) Jellyfish populations have been increasing in Japanese waters and causing problems for fishermen by contaminating catches and clogging nets.
2) Warming ocean temperatures due to climate change have allowed jellyfish to expand their ranges and increase in numbers. Some jellyfish species are appearing earlier and in greater abundances.
3) A Japanese scientist studied the life cycle of the Nomura's jellyfish and determined they are riding ocean currents from Chinese waters, where pollution and overfishing have benefited their growth, to Japanese waters.
Coral reefs
This document provides an overview of coral reefs, including:
1) How coral reefs are formed over time as volcanic islands sink beneath the ocean, with fringing reefs forming and eventually becoming barrier reefs or atolls.
2) The different areas that make up a coral reef including the reef surface, off reef shore, reef face, reef flats, and reef lagoon.
3) Examples of animals that live in coral reefs like colorful fish, sea turtles, sharks, dolphins, and whales.
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Conservation strategies for LOKTAK lake ecosystem
LOKTAK lake Largest freshwater lake in Northeast India.
Situated in Moirang town of Bishnupur District in the state of Manipur, India. Considering its ecological status and biodiversity values the lake was designated as a Ramsar site on 23rd March 1990, with the reference number 463. It is listed under the Montreux Record on 16th June 1993 which is a record of Ramsar sites ‘where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur by human activities and pollution.
Top 10
The top 10 most endangered species are the polar bear, Bengal tiger, corals, kangaroo, whales, penguins, turtles, orangutan, elephant, and albatross. The polar bear could disappear within 50 years due to shrinking Arctic ice sheets. 80% of corals may disappear within decades. Climate change threatens kangaroos, whales, penguins, orangutans and albatrosses. Commercial fishing, hunting, and habitat destruction endanger turtles, elephants and albatrosses.
Top 10
The top 10 most endangered species are the polar bear, Bengal tiger, corals, kangaroo, whales, penguins, turtles, orangutan, elephant, and albatross. The polar bear could disappear within 50 years due to shrinking Arctic ice sheets. Corals are also threatened with 80% possibly disappearing in decades. Whales, penguins, turtles, orangutans, elephants, and albatrosses are all endangered due to threats like climate change, habitat loss, pollution, hunting, and fishing.
News letter 09.2009
This document provides information about the history and environmental impact of the shrinking of the Aral Sea located between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. It discusses how the Soviet Union diverted water from the rivers feeding the sea in the 1960s to irrigate cotton fields, causing the sea to lose over 75% of its water and splitting into two bodies of water. This has led to ecological and health issues as dust and chemicals from the dried seabed are spread by winds. The document also shares photos and descriptions of explorations of the dried former seabed and surrounding areas, and details the cultural and economic changes to communities that relied on the sea.
Croatan sound
North Carolina's Outer Banks is home to many beautiful estuaries. Estuaries are coastal areas with shallow waters that are mixed with sea water and freshwater flowing from watersheds. These areas are known as nurseries for thousands of species of sea creatures. Sea turtles come ashore to lay their eggs and when those hatch, the baby turtles scramble back toward the ocean where they will live out their lives. Fish, manatee, sharks, starfish, and many other species are at home in the Croatan Sound Estuary.
Whales Still Threatened by Noise Pollution
Whales and other marine life are threatened by increasing noise pollution from shipping, mining, sonar, and seismic surveys used by the oil and gas industry. Noise pollution disrupts whales' communication and ability to hunt, and has caused mass strandings that have killed hundreds at once. Whales are an endangered species, with only around 500 North Atlantic right whales remaining, and face additional threats from climate change, whaling, and ships that accidentally kill them. Stronger protections are needed to prevent whales from disappearing due to human activities.
FBA Freshwater Matters November 2012
This document is a monthly bulletin from the Freshwater Biological Association summarizing freshwater news from around the world. It includes updates on events at the FBA and several news articles covering topics such as the largest salmon species edging toward extinction, a study on rare fighting frogs in Japan that use false thumbs, and evidence that Atlantic sturgeon populations in Virginia rivers spawn at different times than other populations. The bulletin encourages recipients to get involved with the FBA and share the newsletter with other interested colleagues.
Endangered species
The document summarizes information on 15 endangered species, including the Yangtze River dolphin, Amur leopard, Javan rhinoceros, Siberian tiger, Sumatran rhinoceros, Cross River gorilla, Mountain gorilla, Black rhinoceros, Vaquita, and Borneo Pygmy elephant. Several species have populations of less than 300 individuals left in the wild due to threats such as poaching, habitat loss, climate change, and accidental deaths from fishing gear. Conservation efforts have been unable to prevent the population declines of these critically endangered species.
Endangered species
The document summarizes information on 15 endangered species, including the Yangtze River dolphin, Amur leopard, Javan rhinoceros, Siberian tiger, Sumatran rhinoceros, Cross River gorilla, Mountain gorilla, black rhinoceros, Vaquita, and Borneo Pygmy elephant. It discusses the small remaining populations of each species, which range from only 3 Yangtze River dolphins to around 1,200 Borneo Pygmy elephants. The primary threats facing these species are identified as human activities like hunting, habitat destruction, climate change, and fishing bycatch. Conservation efforts have been unable to prevent the population declines of these critically endangered animals.
Racing extension of fishes
This document discusses the extinction of several fish species from various bodies of water around the world. It describes how each fish species was driven to extinction through a combination of overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution, and the introduction of invasive species. Their extinction shows how fragile ecosystems can be impacted by human activities and that local extinctions may go unnoticed without proper study and management of fish populations. The diversity of ocean life is key to its long term survival but many species have already seen dramatic declines in their populations.
16.EXTINCTION of Species.pptx
Divides up the history of the earth based on life- forms that have existed during specific times since the creation of planet.
Is an important tool used to portray the history of the Earth.
Also known as the Great Dying .
96 percent of species died out.
Life on earth descended from the four percent that survived.
CAUSES: Asteroid impact, flood basalt eruptions, catastrophic methane release ,a drop in oxygen levels ,sea level fluctuations.
Ice melts in polar regions which is home to many animals like penguins and polar bears. Melted ice also leads to the rise in sea levels as well as submerging low-dying islands
Global warming gives rise to the El Niño and La Niña phenomenon which brings major disasters such as floods ,drought heatwaves ,and forest fires; destroying habitats and killing its inhabitants.
Change in temperature forces many species to flee from their comfortable habitat. They migrate and invade other territories that are similar to their old ones.
Increases in carbon dioxide concentration also cause our oceans to become more acidic .Acidic water dissolves the shells of many sea creatures such as crabs, shrimps, oysters ,and soon even coral reefs which are home to numerous marine lives.
The name dinosaur comes from the Greek words deinos (“terrible” or “fearfully great”) and sauros (“reptile” or “lizard”). The English anatomist Richard Owen proposed the formal term Dinosauria in 1842 to include three giant extinct animals (Megalosaurus, Iguanodon, and Hylaeosaurus) represented by large fossilized bones that had been unearthed at several locations in southern England during the early part of the 19th century. Owen recognized that these reptiles were far different from other known reptiles of the present and the past for three reasons: they were large yet obviously terrestrial, unlike the aquatic ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs that were already known; they had five vertebrae in their hips, whereas most known reptiles have only two; and, rather than holding their limbs sprawled out to the side in the manner of lizards, dinosaurs held their limbs under the body in columnar fashion, like elephants and other large mammals. The extensive fossil record of genera and species is testimony that dinosaurs were diverse animals, with widely varying lifestyles and adaptations. Their remains are found in sedimentary rock layers (strata) dating to the Late Triassic Epoch (approximately 237 million to 201.3 million years ago). The abundance of their fossilized bones is substantive proof that dinosaurs were the dominant form of terrestrial animal life during the Mesozoic Era (about 252.2 million to 66 million years ago). It is likely that the known remains represent a very small fraction (probably less than 0.0001 percent) of all the individual dinosaurs that once lived. Before Richard Owen introduced the term Dinosauria in 1842, there was no concept of anything even like a dinosaur. Large fossilized bones quite probably had been observed long period by
Top 8 most terrifying and mysterious lakes in the world
This document summarizes 8 of the most terrifying and mysterious lakes in the world. It describes Blue Lake in Russia which is unusually blue in color due to hydrogen sulfide content and is over 250 meters deep. It also discusses Lake Natron in Tanzania which kills and mummifies animals like flamingos that wash up on its shores due to high alkalinity. Additionally, it mentions Lake Michigan in the US which has dangerous underwater currents that have claimed many lives, and Lake Nyos in Cameroon which released a deadly cloud of carbon dioxide in 1986, killing over 1700 people.
Pamlico sound estuary
The document provides information about the Pamlico Sound Estuary in North Carolina. It discusses the location and importance of the estuary, as well as the plant and animal life that exists in its waters and surrounding wetland habitats. The estuary is fed by rivers, streams, and other waterways throughout eastern North Carolina and Virginia. Threats to the estuary include pollution from untreated sewage and chemicals carried in by surrounding waterways.
Case study of landscape of Loktak Lake in Manipur .pdf
This document contains information about Loktak lake in Manipur which is the largest natural freshwater lake. It was given as a topic under subject of landscape in India. The Document primarily focuses on : What is Loktak Lake and why is it so famous and important in India.
Please give it a read and comment your views.
Fishes-student's project of Sto. Tomas College-Danao
This document summarizes information on 10 extinct, 10 endangered, and 3 threatened fish species. Among the extinct fish are the Blackfin Cisco and Blue Walleye from the Great Lakes which were driven to extinction by overfishing and invasive species. Endangered fish discussed include the Atlantic Halibut, Beluga Sturgeon, and Acadian Redfish which face threats from overfishing, bycatch, and habitat loss. The document also profiles the Pelagic Thresher shark, Eulachon fish, and Canary Rockfish as threatened species.
Essay 2 Presentation
This document compares the extinct Great Auk and the endangered Vancouver Island Marmot. The Great Auk was driven to extinction by overhunting for its down in the 19th century, with the last individual being killed in 1844. In contrast, conservation efforts have helped increase the Vancouver Island Marmot population from a low of 21 individuals in 2003 through captive breeding and reintroduction programs, though it remains endangered due to habitat loss from forest clearing.
hump back whales
This is a presentation i made this year, for science homework. I have decided to put this presentation on to my account to see if it works.
Thanks
Agnathan Fish Notes
The document discusses early fish evolution, including jawless fish like hagfish and lampreys. It describes key characteristics of hagfish, including that they have no backbone but are still considered vertebrates. It then discusses different classes of jawless fish like lampreys and ostracoderms, which were early armored fish. Placoderms followed as the first jawed fish.
AG_1212_SANCCOB_Penguins
The document summarizes the decline of the African penguin population due to various environmental pressures. It notes that their numbers have dropped by over 95% since the early 1900s due to overfishing reducing their food supply, climate change altering ocean currents and temperatures which affects fish distribution, and pollution like oil spills that can contaminate penguins. Conservation efforts aim to rehabilitate oiled or abandoned penguins and help manage fisheries and reduce pollution to improve conditions for the endangered penguins.
Climate change and its effects on marine life ppt.
Climate change is caused by an increase in carbon dioxide that warms the atmosphere and affects weather patterns over long periods of time. This warming climate has negatively impacted Arctic marine species like seals, polar bears, and right whales by reducing sea ice habitat for seals and polar bears and decreasing the key food source of right whales. Individual actions like using energy efficient appliances, insulating homes, and taking public transportation can help address climate change.
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Top 8 most terrifying and mysterious lakes in the world
Top 8 most terrifying and mysterious lakes in the world
Case study of landscape of Loktak Lake in Manipur .pdf
Case study of landscape of Loktak Lake in Manipur .pdf
Fishes-student's project of Sto. Tomas College-Danao
Fishes-student's project of Sto. Tomas College-Danao
Climate change and its effects on marine life ppt.
Climate change and its effects on marine life ppt.
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The Present Perfect Tense
This document provides information about the present perfect tense in English. It begins by listing the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of the present perfect for different subjects. It then discusses some key uses of the present perfect tense, including to denote an action that occurred at an unspecified time in the past but is still relevant to the present, and to refer to periods of time that are not finished like "today" or "this year." It provides examples of adverbs and expressions that are frequently used with the present perfect tense, such as "yet," "already," and "this year." The document concludes by discussing the specific uses of some adverbs like "still," "already," and "yet" in affirmative, negative,
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This document discusses gerunds in English grammar. It defines a gerund as the -ing form of a verb that can function as a noun, subject, or object. Examples are given like "smoking is prohibited" and "my son loves playing video games." Some common verbs that can be followed by gerunds are listed, such as enjoy, hate, like, love, miss. The document also discusses how some verbs are followed by a preposition and gerund, such as "complain about" or "insist on." Finally, it briefly introduces the passive gerund formed with "being" and examples of its use.
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Sonnet 18 school contest (2014)
This document provides context and analysis of Shakespeare's famous Sonnet 18. It begins with the full text of the sonnet, which compares the subject's beauty to a summer's day. The document then explains that a sonnet has 14 lines that typically presents a problem resolved at the end. For Sonnet 18, the theme is that the subject's beauty will not fade with time and will live on eternally through the poem. Evidence for this is found in lines that say her beauty and summer will not fade and the poem will give her life as long as it is read.
How to stay healthy
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is important for long-term well-being. Some key things one can do to stay healthy include having an active lifestyle through daily exercise like walking, swimming, or yoga; eating a nutritious diet focused on fruits and vegetables while limiting fast food and excess eating; avoiding unhealthy habits like smoking, drinking alcohol, or overeating; keeping a regular sleep schedule of 7-9 hours per night; and visiting the doctor regularly to monitor one's health. Overall happiness is also important for overall wellness.
Rainforests
Rainforests are dense, warm, wet forests that are home to millions of plant and animal species. They generate much of the Earth's oxygen and contain many important resources for medicine. Rainforests are located near the equator in South America, Central America, Africa, Southeast Asia, and Australia. They have high rainfall and temperatures that do not freeze or become too hot. Rainforests are important ecosystems but are increasingly endangered due to deforestation.
20 th century fashion
In the 1950s, men's fashion included bright colored tight trousers and long jackets, while women wore blouses, wide skirts, and short socks. The 1960s saw the rise of the mini skirt and long boots for women, and the Beatles popularized long hair for men. The late 1960s and early 1970s were dominated by loose, colorful hippie styles including maxi dresses and skirts for women and long hair for both sexes. Punk fashion emerged in the late 1970s with colorful hairstyles and makeup. By the late 1980s, casual, loose clothing like baggy pants and sweatshirts along with baseball caps and tracksuits became trendy.
20th century fashion
The document discusses fashion trends throughout the 20th century. Before WWI, men wore dark suits with short hair and moustaches, while women wore long dresses with narrow waists and long hair. In the 1920s, dresses and hair became shorter as hemlines rose and styles became more liberated. The 1930s-40s saw longer hems and hair again, as well as moustaches falling out of fashion. The 1950s brought brighter colors, tighter fits, and pointed shoes for both sexes. The 1960s are known for the miniskirt and long boots as well as men growing their hair long. The late 1960s-early 70s featured loose, colorful hippie styles.
Advertisment
Advertising has evolved significantly from its early beginnings. It started as oral announcements promoting goods and services, and developed into painted signs and notices. Over time, advertising expanded its reach through various media like newspapers, radio, television and the internet. Modern advertising is a major worldwide industry that aims to influence consumer purchases. It works by notifying people of new products and services, and creating associations to satisfy human needs and desires.
Advertising
Advertising has existed for thousands of years, starting with wall paintings in ancient Egypt and Rome used to promote goods and political ideas. In the 18th century, printed advertisements began appearing in newspapers to promote books and medicines. The development of radio in the 1920s led to the first radio advertisements, with early radio stations providing programming in exchange for brief promotions of sponsors. This model was later adopted for the new medium of television in the 1950s, establishing the ongoing practice of multiple short advertisements spaced throughout commercial programming.
Digital technology
Digital technology uses electronics, devices, and equipment that operate using binary logic and discrete signals. Examples include computers, digital cameras, MP3 players, mobile phones, and other devices that store and process digital information. A computer takes in information as input, processes it, and produces new output. Digital cameras store photos digitally on memory cards instead of film. MP3 players allow users to listen to music files in a portable format. Mobile phones allow wireless communication over long distances by connecting to nearby cell towers and handing off calls between cells as the user moves around. Many modern mobile phones are smartphones that provide additional functions beyond calls like email, apps, internet access, and cameras.
Advertising
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Oasis of the seas
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Sevenwondersoftheancientworld 121226000345-phpapp02
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Ecology
- 1. Ecology Project by Igoshina Margarita Centre of Education No.1408 Moscow 2012
- 2. Sumatranian rhinoceroses are exposed to destruction! Earlier sumatranian rhinoceroses occupied damp rainforests and swamps in Africa. Now these animals are on the verge of disappearance, only 6 populations remained. Decrease in populations of a sumatranian rhinoceros is caused first of all by illegal hunting for the horns, popular in the Chinese pseudo-medicine. Poaching threatens further existence of this animals. Reduction of population of a sumatranian rhinoceros still proceeds in current time.
- 3. Human expansion: manatees The American manatee is an endangered animal. Despite the fact that it has no enemies in nature, human expansion reduced its native habitat in coastal areas. Damages from screws of motor boats are put to many manatees. Manatees swallow fishing tackles, and a scaffold, having got to digestive system of an animal starts to kill him.
- 4. Consumer relation of people to elephant turtles After discovering Galapagos archipelago Europeans elephant turtles began to be used by sailors as «live canned food» — they placed in holds alive, where they could be on several months without water and food. Now we can see from records of logbooks, only 79 whaling vessels took out from the archipelago about 10.373 turtles during 36 years. It is considered that about 200.000 elephant turtles were destroyed during the XX century. They disappeared completely on Charlz and Barington islands , and almost died out on others islands.
- 5. Environmental pollution The Amur : fixed excess on phenol, nitrates and microbiological indicators are found in the river every year. As a result of the failure which occurred on November, 14 2005 on one of the Chinese chemical plants, there was a massed emission of poisonous substances to the river Sungary, as a result the spot of nitrobenzene, nitrogasoline and other chemicals moved on a current to the Amur.
- 6. The lake is in danger! Lake Baikal In 1966 production on the Baikal pulp and paper mill began. The results of the deep water device "Mir“ tests taken at immersion in July, 2010, showed that in ground deposits around dumping of drains of the Baikal pulp and paper mill, there are high contents of the dioxine, which is dangerous poison for any live organisms. Around the pulp and paper mill dioxine pollution exceeds that in northern and central parts of Baikal 40-50 times.
- 7. аа Lake Pener –on Friday morning on November 21, 1980 the team of drillers conducted oil search under the lake bottom. During drilling the hole in the hydrochloric arch of the third level of the mine being near the lake on depth about 400 meters was punched. Under the lake the hydrochloric mine settled down. Water quickly washed away a 35-centimetric opening and rushed down. In the lake Pener was created the huge whirlpool which has reached 55 meters in diameter. The lake is connected by the channel Delkambr being in 20 kilometers by the Gulf of Mexico therefore when Pener became grinds, the water level in Delkambra fell to meter and salty water began to flow in the opposite direction, filling the becoming empty lake. The ecosystem of the lake was transformed beyond recognition — fresh water replaced salty of the channel. Representatives of flora and fauna were replaced — there were sea types of plants and animals. The maximum depth of the lake Pener grew in 100 times, having reached 396 meters.