1) The study examined landscape preferences and meanings for visitors to the Morton Arboretum through questionnaires and found that dense forests with natural-appearing trees were most preferred, followed by open areas with trees and tall grass.
2) Participants associated their favorite landscapes with feelings of serenity, beauty, walking, and memories. Variety was also an important aspect of their experience.
3) The study's results can help arboretums design landscapes and programs that enhance visitor experiences and appreciation by incorporating natural settings like forests and water features connected by diverse paths.
This study mapped the vegetation types in the Jama Coaque Reserve in Ecuador using GPS waypoints collected along trails. Five vegetation types were identified: primary and secondary tropical moist forest, primary and secondary premontane cloud forest, and agroforestry. Vegetation maps showed general patterns of increasing elevation between forest types. The average starting elevation of cloud forest was 518m, agreeing with prior predictions of 525m, except along northern trails where cloud forest began at lower elevations. Future research could use drones to map forest types between trails at the reserve.
Species Diversity and Above-ground Carbon Stock Assessments in Selected Mangr...Innspub Net
Mangrove ecosystems are known for being the rainforest of the sea. Philippines is bestowed with this naturally rich mangrove ecosystem with diverse floral and faunal species. Despite this natural abundance, mangrove ecosystems are subjected to natural and human induced degradations specifically conversion to fish shrimp ponds that resulted in diminution aside from its effect on terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycling and could also affect its important role in terms of terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycling. This study is conducted to determine
the mangrove diversity, distribution and the above-ground biomass and C-stocks in Glan and Malapatan, Sarangani Province. Purposive sampling is implemented in establishing the plots on both sites. Results show eight (8) mangrove species belonging to four (4) families are observed in both areas. Data also reveal that the mangrove ecosystem in Glan Padidu, Glan is undisturbed. Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia alba are found to be dominant on the two sites. Because of the large tree girths and high density of species observed on the studied areas, both forests have the potential to sequester and store large amount of atmospheric carbon. Thus, this study quantifies mangrove tree biomass in view of carbon trading as significant in lessening the effects of global warming.
This document discusses a study that tested whether the endemic palm Phoenix pusilla could act as a nurse plant species in degraded tropical dry evergreen forests in India. The study found that P. pusilla improved soil and microclimate conditions, which enhanced seed germination, seedling emergence, and establishment of other woody species. Specifically, P. pusilla's presence increased soil organic matter and water retention while decreasing temperature and light levels. This nucleated the succession of a more species-rich woody plant community, indicating P. pusilla's potential for use in restoration efforts and its importance for biodiversity conservation in these landscapes. The study highlights how traditional ecological knowledge can help identify effective nurse species.
Risks of Cryogenic Landslide Hazards and Their Impact on Ecosystems in Cold E...Universität Salzburg
Research focuses on monitoring landscapes downgrading in specific conditions of Arctic ecosystems with cold climate conditions (marshes, permafrost, high humidity and moisture). Specific case study: cryogenic landslides typical for cold environments with permafrost. Area: Yamal Peninsula. Aim: analysis of the environmental changes caused by cryogenic landslides in northern land- scapes affecting sensitive Arctic ecosystems. Thaw of the permafrost layer causes destruction of the ground soil layer and activates cryogenic landslide processes. After disaster, vegetation coverage needs a long time to recover, due to the sensitivity of the specific northern environment, and land cover types change. ILWIS GIS was used to process 2 satellite images Landsat TM taken at 1988 and 2011, to assess spatiotemporal changes in the land cover types. Research shown ILWIS GIS based spatial analysis for environmental mapping.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document classifies the watershed of the Taizi River into three regions based on environmental and freshwater ecosystem features. Region I is a mountainous forest region characterized by higher elevation, cooler temperatures, and fish and macroinvertebrate communities dominated by certain species. Region II is a hill forest region with lower elevation and warmer temperatures and different dominant freshwater organisms. Region III is a plain agriculture region with the lowest elevation and highest temperatures and nearly no fish species. Environmental variables and the structure of freshwater communities were used to develop the classification scheme.
Secondary forests in southeastern Wisconsin were found to have distinct plant compositions compared to primary forests. Herbaceous layers in secondary forests were dominated by lower quality species like white avens, goldenrod, and multiflora rose, rather than native species found in primary forests. Canopies of secondary forests contained ash, cherry, and box-elder trees rather than oak species present in primary forests. Native plant richness and floristic quality in secondary forests increased with proximity to primary forest edges, suggesting limited dispersal of native species into secondary forests from forest interiors over time.
This study mapped the vegetation types in the Jama Coaque Reserve in Ecuador using GPS waypoints collected along trails. Five vegetation types were identified: primary and secondary tropical moist forest, primary and secondary premontane cloud forest, and agroforestry. Vegetation maps showed general patterns of increasing elevation between forest types. The average starting elevation of cloud forest was 518m, agreeing with prior predictions of 525m, except along northern trails where cloud forest began at lower elevations. Future research could use drones to map forest types between trails at the reserve.
Species Diversity and Above-ground Carbon Stock Assessments in Selected Mangr...Innspub Net
Mangrove ecosystems are known for being the rainforest of the sea. Philippines is bestowed with this naturally rich mangrove ecosystem with diverse floral and faunal species. Despite this natural abundance, mangrove ecosystems are subjected to natural and human induced degradations specifically conversion to fish shrimp ponds that resulted in diminution aside from its effect on terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycling and could also affect its important role in terms of terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycling. This study is conducted to determine
the mangrove diversity, distribution and the above-ground biomass and C-stocks in Glan and Malapatan, Sarangani Province. Purposive sampling is implemented in establishing the plots on both sites. Results show eight (8) mangrove species belonging to four (4) families are observed in both areas. Data also reveal that the mangrove ecosystem in Glan Padidu, Glan is undisturbed. Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia alba are found to be dominant on the two sites. Because of the large tree girths and high density of species observed on the studied areas, both forests have the potential to sequester and store large amount of atmospheric carbon. Thus, this study quantifies mangrove tree biomass in view of carbon trading as significant in lessening the effects of global warming.
This document discusses a study that tested whether the endemic palm Phoenix pusilla could act as a nurse plant species in degraded tropical dry evergreen forests in India. The study found that P. pusilla improved soil and microclimate conditions, which enhanced seed germination, seedling emergence, and establishment of other woody species. Specifically, P. pusilla's presence increased soil organic matter and water retention while decreasing temperature and light levels. This nucleated the succession of a more species-rich woody plant community, indicating P. pusilla's potential for use in restoration efforts and its importance for biodiversity conservation in these landscapes. The study highlights how traditional ecological knowledge can help identify effective nurse species.
Risks of Cryogenic Landslide Hazards and Their Impact on Ecosystems in Cold E...Universität Salzburg
Research focuses on monitoring landscapes downgrading in specific conditions of Arctic ecosystems with cold climate conditions (marshes, permafrost, high humidity and moisture). Specific case study: cryogenic landslides typical for cold environments with permafrost. Area: Yamal Peninsula. Aim: analysis of the environmental changes caused by cryogenic landslides in northern land- scapes affecting sensitive Arctic ecosystems. Thaw of the permafrost layer causes destruction of the ground soil layer and activates cryogenic landslide processes. After disaster, vegetation coverage needs a long time to recover, due to the sensitivity of the specific northern environment, and land cover types change. ILWIS GIS was used to process 2 satellite images Landsat TM taken at 1988 and 2011, to assess spatiotemporal changes in the land cover types. Research shown ILWIS GIS based spatial analysis for environmental mapping.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document classifies the watershed of the Taizi River into three regions based on environmental and freshwater ecosystem features. Region I is a mountainous forest region characterized by higher elevation, cooler temperatures, and fish and macroinvertebrate communities dominated by certain species. Region II is a hill forest region with lower elevation and warmer temperatures and different dominant freshwater organisms. Region III is a plain agriculture region with the lowest elevation and highest temperatures and nearly no fish species. Environmental variables and the structure of freshwater communities were used to develop the classification scheme.
Secondary forests in southeastern Wisconsin were found to have distinct plant compositions compared to primary forests. Herbaceous layers in secondary forests were dominated by lower quality species like white avens, goldenrod, and multiflora rose, rather than native species found in primary forests. Canopies of secondary forests contained ash, cherry, and box-elder trees rather than oak species present in primary forests. Native plant richness and floristic quality in secondary forests increased with proximity to primary forest edges, suggesting limited dispersal of native species into secondary forests from forest interiors over time.
This document contains a list of 76 references cited by another work. The references are organized alphabetically and include journal articles, book chapters, reports, and theses related to topics like soil acidification, nutrient cycling, aluminum chemistry, and pine ecosystems. Many of the references are from the 1970s-1990s and cover research conducted in locations like Europe, North America, China, South Africa, and New Zealand.
Litter dynamics in tropical plantationsDr. Dinesha S
This document outlines a literature review on litter dynamics in tropical plantations. It discusses the importance of litter dynamics for nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Key factors that influence litter fall fluxes include stand age, species mixtures, site characteristics, and perturbations. Methods for estimating litter decomposition include mass loss experiments using litterbags. Nutrient release from decomposing litter is also examined. Seasonal patterns of litter fall and nutrient release are discussed for several tropical species.
Assessing the Impact of Blister Rust Infected Whitebark Pine in the Alpine Treelines of Glacier National Park and the Beartooth Plateau, U.S.A. Presented by Emily Smith-Mckenna at the "Perth II: Global Change and the World's Mountains" conference in Perth, Scotland in September 2010.
The Right Plants in the Right Place: Water-Wise Landscaping - University of W...Danousis85z
The document provides information on water-wise landscaping that is adapted to Wyoming's climate and challenges. It recommends closely observing your property to understand the site conditions, such as soil type, sunlight, wind, and wildlife. Proper planning includes sketching the property, noting these conditions, and deciding on landscape features. Choosing plants suited to the site helps reduce workload and saves water. Maintaining plants with similar water needs and hardiness zones supports successful landscaping.
BSc Dissertation - The potential of remotely sensed spectrometer data to dete...James A Pollock
This study aims to assess the ability of remote sensing spectrometry to differentiate invasive rhododendron from other common winter-leafing plants using leaf samples. Leaves were collected from beech, laurel, holly, and rhododendron plants and their reflectance measured across 350-2500nm wavelengths at different orientations. A logistic regression model correctly identified 99% of rhododendron readings from other species, demonstrating the potential to detect rhododendron from aircraft or satellite spectrometry. This has implications for more effective monitoring and management of the invasive plant.
Cassondra R. Thomas has over 17 years of experience in biogeochemistry and nutrient cycling in wetland environments. She holds a PhD in Environmental Sciences and has extensive experience modeling material and energy flows within estuarine systems. Her research has focused on phosphorus and nitrogen cycling in prescribed burns in the Everglades and carbon sequestration in scrub oak systems. She has also examined the effects of fiddler crab burrows on salt marsh biogeochemistry and created models of nitrogen cycling in Atlantic coast salt marshes and the Neuse River Estuary.
An investigation of the vegetation dynamics on ArideRobert Gavan
This document provides an investigation of vegetation dynamics on Aride Island since 1976, with a focus on the prevalence of Pisonia grandis trees. The investigation aims to observe changes in herbaceous diversity, tree demographics, and the continued dominance of P. grandis. Permanent vegetation plots established in 1976 will be revisited and new plots added. Data on plant cover, tree abundance, and canopy structure will be collected and analyzed using diversity indices and other statistical methods. Based on past reports, herbaceous diversity is expected to have declined as woodland has expanded. Tree diversity in the understory is also expected to be low due to shade tolerance of dominant species, while mid-upper canopies may be more diverse
The document summarizes a study on the distribution of frog species across three phases of reclamation at The Wilds conservation center in Ohio. Water quality parameters and habitat characteristics were measured at 30 ponds across recently reclaimed, middle, and older reclamation phases. Although environmental conditions differed between regions, frog species distribution was similarly found across all three phases of reclamation. In particular, green frogs were found at all sites while bullfrogs were less common in the northern region and pickerel frogs were absent from the northern region. Statistical tests showed environmental variables influenced regional differences more than they influenced frog distribution patterns between regions.
Tree species composition and above ground tree biomass estimationMrumba E. John
This document summarizes a study on the tree species composition and above-ground biomass estimation of the Salenda Bridge mangrove patch in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Only one mangrove tree species, Avicennia marina, was identified in the area. Data was collected using circular plots and tree measurements. The estimated above-ground biomass and carbon stock of the mangrove patch was 458.3 tons/ha and 221.67 tons/ha respectively. The study concluded the mangrove forests at Salenda Bridge are well developed with relatively high conservation levels. It recommends further protection and restoration efforts to enhance biomass and carbon storage.
Gardening with Native Plants - A Gardener’s Guide for MissouriRetiz16x
This chapter discusses landscaping with native plants in Missouri and provides several benefits of using native plants:
1) Native plants are well-adapted to the climate and soils of Missouri which means they require less maintenance than non-native plants.
2) Using a variety of native trees, shrubs, wildflowers and grasses provides food and shelter for local wildlife throughout the seasons.
3) Native plant gardens can help with stormwater management by absorbing rainwater and reducing runoff through the use of plants with deep roots in rain gardens and bioretention areas.
The document discusses production methods for roses. It describes ideal temperature, soil, and greenhouse conditions for growing roses. Roses require a soil with good drainage and high organic matter. In greenhouses, rows of beds are spaced 0.6 meters apart with plants spaced 0.17 meters within rows, resulting in a density of 700,000 plants per hectare. Roses need about 1 liter of water per plant per day which can be provided through drip irrigation. Fertilizer and nutrient requirements are also discussed.
El teclado es un periférico de entrada que sirve para introducir información a la computadora y está compuesto por cinco subteclados: numérico, alfanumérico, de función, del sistema y de dirección.
La democracia participativa y protagónica promueve la participación activa de los ciudadanos en el gobierno y la toma de decisiones, y les da a los ciudadanos un papel principal en el proceso político.
La pedagogía tiene dos objetos: el objeto material (la persona) y el objeto formal (la educación). Estos objetos están estrechamente relacionados, ya que la persona es indispensable para que la educación cumpla su función y la educación es necesaria para el desarrollo de la persona. La pedagogía se define como el pensamiento sobre la educación, reconociendo que existen diversas formas de pensar y aprender y que se necesitan normas y reglas para guiar el aprendizaje.
The document outlines the shooting schedule for a film, including 5 scenes to be shot on October 13th at various locations in Windsor. The River Scene will be shot at 12:00 pm at the Leisure Centre with Ric, Callan, Luke, Oscar, a camera, microphone, guitar and amps. At 12:35 pm the Motorway Scene will be filmed on the motorway between Windsor and Slough with Luke, Oscar and a camera. Additional scenes include ones by the river, in a tunnel, on stairs, with Ric and Luke laughing, by a railing, and of Callan fixing his guitar.
This document appears to be a series of questions in Norwegian about identifying different patterns and textures. Some key questions asked are: "What is this?", "How does it look?", "Why?", "Which shapes/forms?", "Depth?", "Horizontal/vertical?", "Symmetry?", "Stripes?", "Where have we seen it before?", and "How would it look in a mirror?". The document seems to be providing prompts to observe, describe, and analyze different visual patterns and textures.
O CEFOPE Anápolis convida a todos para um seminário onde professoras apresentarão vídeos traçando a linha do tempo de suas escolas com base em pesquisas históricas e tecnologias digitais.
This document contains a list of 76 references cited by another work. The references are organized alphabetically and include journal articles, book chapters, reports, and theses related to topics like soil acidification, nutrient cycling, aluminum chemistry, and pine ecosystems. Many of the references are from the 1970s-1990s and cover research conducted in locations like Europe, North America, China, South Africa, and New Zealand.
Litter dynamics in tropical plantationsDr. Dinesha S
This document outlines a literature review on litter dynamics in tropical plantations. It discusses the importance of litter dynamics for nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Key factors that influence litter fall fluxes include stand age, species mixtures, site characteristics, and perturbations. Methods for estimating litter decomposition include mass loss experiments using litterbags. Nutrient release from decomposing litter is also examined. Seasonal patterns of litter fall and nutrient release are discussed for several tropical species.
Assessing the Impact of Blister Rust Infected Whitebark Pine in the Alpine Treelines of Glacier National Park and the Beartooth Plateau, U.S.A. Presented by Emily Smith-Mckenna at the "Perth II: Global Change and the World's Mountains" conference in Perth, Scotland in September 2010.
The Right Plants in the Right Place: Water-Wise Landscaping - University of W...Danousis85z
The document provides information on water-wise landscaping that is adapted to Wyoming's climate and challenges. It recommends closely observing your property to understand the site conditions, such as soil type, sunlight, wind, and wildlife. Proper planning includes sketching the property, noting these conditions, and deciding on landscape features. Choosing plants suited to the site helps reduce workload and saves water. Maintaining plants with similar water needs and hardiness zones supports successful landscaping.
BSc Dissertation - The potential of remotely sensed spectrometer data to dete...James A Pollock
This study aims to assess the ability of remote sensing spectrometry to differentiate invasive rhododendron from other common winter-leafing plants using leaf samples. Leaves were collected from beech, laurel, holly, and rhododendron plants and their reflectance measured across 350-2500nm wavelengths at different orientations. A logistic regression model correctly identified 99% of rhododendron readings from other species, demonstrating the potential to detect rhododendron from aircraft or satellite spectrometry. This has implications for more effective monitoring and management of the invasive plant.
Cassondra R. Thomas has over 17 years of experience in biogeochemistry and nutrient cycling in wetland environments. She holds a PhD in Environmental Sciences and has extensive experience modeling material and energy flows within estuarine systems. Her research has focused on phosphorus and nitrogen cycling in prescribed burns in the Everglades and carbon sequestration in scrub oak systems. She has also examined the effects of fiddler crab burrows on salt marsh biogeochemistry and created models of nitrogen cycling in Atlantic coast salt marshes and the Neuse River Estuary.
An investigation of the vegetation dynamics on ArideRobert Gavan
This document provides an investigation of vegetation dynamics on Aride Island since 1976, with a focus on the prevalence of Pisonia grandis trees. The investigation aims to observe changes in herbaceous diversity, tree demographics, and the continued dominance of P. grandis. Permanent vegetation plots established in 1976 will be revisited and new plots added. Data on plant cover, tree abundance, and canopy structure will be collected and analyzed using diversity indices and other statistical methods. Based on past reports, herbaceous diversity is expected to have declined as woodland has expanded. Tree diversity in the understory is also expected to be low due to shade tolerance of dominant species, while mid-upper canopies may be more diverse
The document summarizes a study on the distribution of frog species across three phases of reclamation at The Wilds conservation center in Ohio. Water quality parameters and habitat characteristics were measured at 30 ponds across recently reclaimed, middle, and older reclamation phases. Although environmental conditions differed between regions, frog species distribution was similarly found across all three phases of reclamation. In particular, green frogs were found at all sites while bullfrogs were less common in the northern region and pickerel frogs were absent from the northern region. Statistical tests showed environmental variables influenced regional differences more than they influenced frog distribution patterns between regions.
Tree species composition and above ground tree biomass estimationMrumba E. John
This document summarizes a study on the tree species composition and above-ground biomass estimation of the Salenda Bridge mangrove patch in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Only one mangrove tree species, Avicennia marina, was identified in the area. Data was collected using circular plots and tree measurements. The estimated above-ground biomass and carbon stock of the mangrove patch was 458.3 tons/ha and 221.67 tons/ha respectively. The study concluded the mangrove forests at Salenda Bridge are well developed with relatively high conservation levels. It recommends further protection and restoration efforts to enhance biomass and carbon storage.
Gardening with Native Plants - A Gardener’s Guide for MissouriRetiz16x
This chapter discusses landscaping with native plants in Missouri and provides several benefits of using native plants:
1) Native plants are well-adapted to the climate and soils of Missouri which means they require less maintenance than non-native plants.
2) Using a variety of native trees, shrubs, wildflowers and grasses provides food and shelter for local wildlife throughout the seasons.
3) Native plant gardens can help with stormwater management by absorbing rainwater and reducing runoff through the use of plants with deep roots in rain gardens and bioretention areas.
The document discusses production methods for roses. It describes ideal temperature, soil, and greenhouse conditions for growing roses. Roses require a soil with good drainage and high organic matter. In greenhouses, rows of beds are spaced 0.6 meters apart with plants spaced 0.17 meters within rows, resulting in a density of 700,000 plants per hectare. Roses need about 1 liter of water per plant per day which can be provided through drip irrigation. Fertilizer and nutrient requirements are also discussed.
El teclado es un periférico de entrada que sirve para introducir información a la computadora y está compuesto por cinco subteclados: numérico, alfanumérico, de función, del sistema y de dirección.
La democracia participativa y protagónica promueve la participación activa de los ciudadanos en el gobierno y la toma de decisiones, y les da a los ciudadanos un papel principal en el proceso político.
La pedagogía tiene dos objetos: el objeto material (la persona) y el objeto formal (la educación). Estos objetos están estrechamente relacionados, ya que la persona es indispensable para que la educación cumpla su función y la educación es necesaria para el desarrollo de la persona. La pedagogía se define como el pensamiento sobre la educación, reconociendo que existen diversas formas de pensar y aprender y que se necesitan normas y reglas para guiar el aprendizaje.
The document outlines the shooting schedule for a film, including 5 scenes to be shot on October 13th at various locations in Windsor. The River Scene will be shot at 12:00 pm at the Leisure Centre with Ric, Callan, Luke, Oscar, a camera, microphone, guitar and amps. At 12:35 pm the Motorway Scene will be filmed on the motorway between Windsor and Slough with Luke, Oscar and a camera. Additional scenes include ones by the river, in a tunnel, on stairs, with Ric and Luke laughing, by a railing, and of Callan fixing his guitar.
This document appears to be a series of questions in Norwegian about identifying different patterns and textures. Some key questions asked are: "What is this?", "How does it look?", "Why?", "Which shapes/forms?", "Depth?", "Horizontal/vertical?", "Symmetry?", "Stripes?", "Where have we seen it before?", and "How would it look in a mirror?". The document seems to be providing prompts to observe, describe, and analyze different visual patterns and textures.
O CEFOPE Anápolis convida a todos para um seminário onde professoras apresentarão vídeos traçando a linha do tempo de suas escolas com base em pesquisas históricas e tecnologias digitais.
Diosa arbeu, juan juan abreu editorial tusquetsnoa_d_A
Laura es una mujer competente y enamorada de su marido que se siente atraída por imágenes de bondage en Internet y decide explorar sus límites sexuales con la ayuda de un maestro japonés. El maestro Yuko somete a Laura a un difícil adiestramiento con el objetivo de que acceda a paraísos de entrega, libertad y sabiduría a través de su cuerpo. Si Laura sale victoriosa de este adiestramiento, será digna de un encuentro memorable con su maestro.
Este documento resume varias normas relacionadas con el cableado de telecomunicaciones, incluyendo EIA/TIA 568 A. B, EIATIA 569, EIA/TIA 606 e ISO 11801. Cada norma establece especificaciones para elementos como el tipo y organización de cables, la topología de redes y los recorridos horizontales y armarios de telecomunicaciones, generalmente adoptando una topología en estrella.
O documento apresenta os detalhes de uma instalação hidráulica, incluindo luvas de redução, tubos de espera e continuações hidráulicas de diferentes diâmetros, assim como revestimentos e impermeabilizações.
El documento presenta una serie de preguntas sobre temas históricos relacionados con la Ilustración y las revoluciones del siglo XVIII como la Revolución Francesa y la independencia de las colonias americanas. Algunas de las preguntas tratan sobre Luis XVI y la Asamblea de Notables, las reformas de la Asamblea Nacional, Napoleón y la batalla de Waterloo, y los objetivos del Congreso de Viena. Otras preguntas piden definir términos históricos o identificar similitudes entre la Declaración de Independencia de EE
Lacey - Final Paper - v13 - July 23, 2016Hank Lacey
This professional paper investigates the impacts of ecology-themed interpretation programs at South Platte Park, a nature preserve in Colorado, on participants' attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge about wildlife conservation and ecology. The author conducted surveys and questionnaires with program participants to determine if the programs positively influenced their perspectives. The study found that most participants demonstrated more positive attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge about wildlife conservation and ecology after attending the interpretation programs. However, some differences were found between male and female participants' responses. The author aims to help improve the educational impact of interpretation programs to inspire environmental stewardship.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the impacts of ecology-themed interpretation programs at a Colorado open space preserve on participants' attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge related to wildlife conservation and ecology. The author conducted surveys and questionnaires with program participants to evaluate changes in their perspectives after attending an interpretation event. The study found that the majority of participants demonstrated more positive attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge about wildlife conservation and ecology following their participation in an interpretation program. The author hopes the findings can help improve the educational benefits and experiences provided by such interpretation events.
This document provides an overview of the conceptual framework and course for a biodiversity conservation class. It discusses key messages around biodiversity loss and the need for sustainability education. The conceptual framework will focus on landscape change and habitat fragmentation as threats. It introduces conceptual landscape models from a human and species perspective. The course will include lectures, tutorials, discussion forums, a field trip, and practical sessions. Assessments will include tutorial facilitation, essays, and a research paper following the field trip.
This document summarizes key concepts from the book "Landscape Ecology in Action" by Almo Farina. It discusses the origins and definition of landscape ecology, approaches to scaling landscapes, and different types of landscapes including skyscapes, waterscapes, terrestrial landscapes categorized by biotic and abiotic processes, and vertical/suspended landscapes. The conclusion emphasizes that the book provides a detailed description of landscape ecology and can help landscape architects, planners, and geographers better understand how to apply its concepts in practice.
Human Issues in Horticultural
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Gardens and Health ~ Marcus
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Rethinking the Zoological Park: The 21st Century Zoo as a Sustainable Fixturempozzo20
This document summarizes a thesis submitted for a Master's degree in architecture focused on redesigning portions of the Miami MetroZoo, specifically the areas dedicated to Asian regions. The proposal explores exhibit options, immersion studies, animal lists and programming to recreate rainforest ecosystems from regions such as the Mekong River system, Borneo and Nepal. The goal is to connect visitors to global conservation issues through sustainable design and educational experiences that blur the lines between urban and natural environments. The document studies the interfaces between visitors, animals and zookeepers to showcase coexistence between humans and wildlife.
This presentation discusses community-based ecological restoration to enhance resilience and transitions toward peace. It explores why humans turn to nature and restoring nature after conflict and disaster. The presentation examines how greening in vulnerable contexts can help manage social-ecological systems for resilience and peace. The speaker discusses definitions of "red zones" and "greening." Examples of greening in red zones are provided, such as restoring Iraq's wetlands and replanting Sarajevo's urban forest after war. Evidence is presented that greening can provide benefits in vulnerable contexts. The presentation then focuses on a case study of greening in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.
The document summarizes the September 2004 newsletter of the Minnesota Native Plant Society. It recognizes Dr. Robert Mohlenbrock for his contributions to botany and awards him an honorary lifetime membership. It also previews upcoming society meetings, including speakers on invasive plant control and grassland/woodland bird habitat. Finally, it discusses using genetic analysis to improve native plant restoration efforts.
The document outlines a unit of work on wet and dry environments for Stage 1 students. It includes outcomes, areas of inquiry, learning overview, indicators of achievement, teaching and learning activities. The unit aims to develop students' understanding of natural and built features in local and other environments, and the interdependence between environments and people. Students will compare wet and dry environments through excursions, maps, images and texts, and consider the impacts of human activities as well as responsible environmental practices.
This document outlines educational programs and activities at a wildlife park and conservation center. It describes the park's acreage and facilities for walking tours and animal enclosures. The conservation center covers 108 acres used for field trips, community projects, and natural areas like a pond and wetland. The center offers multi-topic educational sets and field lessons on subjects like mapping, plants, and soil science. Lessons are hands-on and aim to foster understanding of ecology, systems thinking, and sustainability. Sample lessons are provided on leaf litter monitoring and plant diseases. Educational standards are referenced to ensure appropriate skills and knowledge are built up progressively from kindergarten through high school.
This document provides a summary of a student research project analyzing the Jericho Research Forest. The students used archival research, interviews, and field visits to understand the forest's environmental history, changing land uses over time, values associated with the forest, and current uses and outputs. They found the forest has transitioned from agricultural use to research and education uses. They provide recommendations for the forest's future, including creating a digital archive, hiring an on-site caretaker, and renovating an historic house on the property.
John Muir traveled extensively, studying diverse life forms in different environments around the world. As part of a lesson plan on John Muir, students will learn about the variety of plants and animals inhabiting ecosystems like oceans, deserts, tundra, forests, grasslands and wetlands. They will research and report on species found in one assigned biome, comparing lists to see similarities and differences in species across environments.
Space and place – two aspects of the human landscape relationship-2007iswoyo
some of the key theories of landscape experience and empirical research related to those theories.
They are grouped around three concepts: First, we survey theories dealing with landscapes perceived
as a physical space, covering topics such as environmental preference and the evolutionary
basis of the psychological processes through which preferences arise. Secondly, we summarize some
of the theories dealing with landscape perceived as place. Here we discuss concepts such as “sense of
place” and “place identity”.We emphasize that place identity is a particular element contributing to
sense of place.Thirdly, we discuss theory and research concerning the role of landscapes for psychological
restoration, which bridges the approaches that treat landscape as space and those which treat
it as place. In the conclusion, we provide some suggestions for further integrative work.
This document summarizes research on cushion plants in the Hudson Bay Lowlands and their potential role in facilitating other plant and insect species. Cushion plants can provide shade, moderate temperatures and moisture levels, and protect other plants from wind and herbivores. The researcher aims to study whether alpine blueberry cushion plants facilitate other species, including tree seedlings, and whether this facilitation increases under more stressful environmental conditions. Data will be collected on plant diversity, seedling growth, insect visits, temperature, light, moisture and nutrients across sites that vary in elevation and disturbance level. Results will provide insights into how facilitation may help plant communities adapt to global environmental changes.
This document outlines the syllabus for the Environmental Studies course at Uka Tarsadia University. The course is offered in Semester I & II of the B.Tech program. It includes 6 units covering topics like ecosystems, natural resources, biodiversity, environmental pollution, policies, and human communities. The course aims to develop students' understanding of environmental issues and sustainability. Upon completing the course, students will gain knowledge of ecosystems, conservation, pollution impacts and controls, and environmental protection policies. Assessment includes exams, projects, and field visits to document local environmental assets and pollution sites.
Soils, principles, properties and management {khan towhid osman} [97894007566...Farhana Firoz
This document provides an overview of a book on soils. It begins with a preface by the author Khan Towhid Osman about his background and motivation for writing the book. It then provides a table of contents that outlines 14 chapters covering topics like soil formation factors, classification, physical and chemical properties, plant nutrition, problem soils, and forest and wetland soils. The author aims to integrate information from various disciplines in a concise yet comprehensive manner for students and professionals.
Native Plants of East Central Illinois and their Preferred LocationsFaizah68w
This document provides a summary and sourcebook of native plant species for landscape architects working on projects at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign campus. It begins with an introduction to the importance of using native plants and the challenges. It then describes the historical context of native plant use on campus. Finally, it outlines resources for identifying native plant species, including a database of 695 native plants for east central Illinois along with their preferred habitats, and links to online databases with additional information on plant characteristics. The goal is to provide landscape architects with tools to incorporate more native species into campus designs.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
1. VISITOR BEHAVIOR Spring, 1993 Volume VIII Number 1 Page 13
tured trees in more open settings that did not appear highly
Preference for and Meaning formal or maintained were the next most preferred, followed
of Arboretum Landscapes by scenes of open areas with tall, natural-appearing grass.
Slightly lower ratings were given to scenes that showed trees
in more maintained, park-like settings with mowed grass.
Herbert W. Schroeder The lowest ratings were given to highly manicured, formal
USDA Forest Service landscape scenes.
North Central Forest Experiment Station,
Chicago, IL Open-ended descriptions of landscapes from the second
part of the survey were content analyzed to identify the
concepts that figured prominently in respondents' mental
Introduction
images of the Arboretum. The most frequently mentioned
environmental features included forests, paths, lakes and
The Morton Arboretum, located in the Chicago suburb ponds, colors, spring and autumn seasons, and large trees.
of Lisle, IL, is an example of a unique landscape resource in The most frequently mentioned subjective qualities of the
a major metropolitan area. The value of the Arboretum's environments were serenity and beauty.
landscape is reflected in the heavy use that the place receives,
especially in the colorful fall and spring seasons. These Arboretum users associated their favorite settings
with walking, contact with nature, and memories of people,
This study used a combination of quantitative and quali- places, and past events in their lives. This indicated that
tative research methods to examine landscape preferences arboretum settings are not experienced simply as aesthetic
and meanings for a group of Morton Arboretum users. scenes to be viewed in a stationary, detached way, but these
Preference was measured on a rating scale using a quantita- settings help people to feel connected with the processes of
tive approach similar to earlier studies of landscape prefer- nature and with their natural and historical heritage.
ence (Daniel and Boster, 1976). Landscape meanings were
pursued through open-ended, written responses, similar to Most people chose several different kinds of settings to
those employed by Gobster and Chenoweth (1990). represent their mental image of the Arboretum. Thus, the
variety of different kinds of settings available at the Arbore-
Methods tum seems to be an important aspect of people's mental
images. This is also indicated by the fact that' 55% of the
Participants for this study were contacted through an- respondents explicitly mentioned "variety" as an important
nouncements in the Morton Arboretum newsletter and in a feature of at least one of their preferred settings.
volunteer training session. Thirty-four persons who ex-
pressed interest in participating were sent a questionnaire The experience of beauty occurred across a wide range
containing 20 color photographs of Arboretum landscapes, of environments and did not appear to be associated with any
including natural forests, formal gardens, special collections, one kind of setting more than others. This is not surprising,
and open fields. Participants rated each landscape on a scale since the landscape descriptions were all selected by the
of preference ranging from 1 to 10. respondents, who would be unlikely to include scenes with
low aesthetic quality. Other experiential qualities and mean-
The 32 participants who returned usable questionnaires ings did seem to be associated with particular types of
were then mailed a second questionnaire, which asked them settings, however. Serenity was most often mentioned in
to select from memory several landscapes that characterized connection with cool settings and water. Joyful, happy
the kind of place the Arboretum is for them, and to give a brief feelings, on the other hand, seemed most associated with
written description of each selected landscape. The respon- sunshine and warmth. Forests and wildflowers evoked
dents were also asked to explain the meaning of each land- thoughts of nature, while a prairie restoration area was
scape by writing down the thoughts, feelings, and memories associated with pioneer history.
they associated with it. Each of the 29 persons who com-
pleted the second questionnaire described between three and Recommendations for
five landscapes, providing a total of 126 separate landscape Arboretum Management
descriptions.
An improved understanding of the meaning of the Morton
Results Arboretum's landscapes for the people who enjoy and value
them may help arboreta to design landscapes that enhance
In the preference questionnaires, the highest ratings users' experiences and to develop educational and interpre-
were given to scenes in which dense forests with natural- tive programs that will enable more people to enjoy and
appearing trees and shrubs predominated. Scenes that fea- appreciate the unique features of the arboretum setting.
2. VISITOR BEHAVIOR ) Spring, 1993 Volume VIII Number 1 Page 14
Natural settings, particularly forests, are very important in
this regard, as are the lakes and ponds found in the Arbore- "The Field Trip Milieu:
tum. Paths that lead through diverse environments may
enhance the experience of variety, which is also an important
Learning and Behavior as
aspect of people's experience of the Arboretum. a Function of Contextual Events"
The prominence of serenity as a quality in people's
J. Falk & J. Balling (1982). Journal of
explanations of their preferred settings is consistent with
Ulrich's (1981) research on the relaxation-inducing qualities Educational Research, 76(1), 22-28.
of vegetation in landscapes. Many respondents viewed the
Morton Arboretum as a place of refuge, where they could
escape from daily routine and urban hassles to find solitude,
This study is part of a series by Falk and his colleagues
because its controlled entry and exclusion of more active
recreation greatly reduces the safety concerns and the noise which examined children's experiences on school field trips,
that can intrude on solitude in urban outdoor recreation sites. especially the effects of novel environments.
Serenity, refuge, and solitude can be provided in areas away The attitudes, behavior, and learning of third and fifth
from roads and congestion, by inconspicuous trails leading to graders were compared in two environments: (1) a field trip
cool, shaded places near lakes or ponds. to a nature center to learn about tree biology; and (2) the same
lesson given at school outside the students' classroom. The
A final recommendation concerns the fact that prefer- 196 students in this study were divided equally between third
ences varied significantly among different people in this and fifth graders; 46 girls and 52 boys from the fifth grade,
study. Most of the participants liked natural woods the most, and 44 girls and 54 boys from the third grade.
but several people preferred more formally landscaped set-
tings. People also varied considerably in how much they The following measures were used: a pretest, posttest
liked open, natural meadows. By providing a variety of measure of knowledge (both multiple-choice and comple-
natural and landscaped settings with varying densities of tions items); direct observation during the instruction; and
vegetation, an arboretum can appeal to a public with diverse self-report items to measure attitudes.
landscape preferences.
Results
References Cognitive Learning Measures
Daniel, T.C. and Boster, R.S. (1976). Measuring landscape 1. Fifth grade students scored higher on the tests than third
esthetics: The scenic beauty estimation method. USDA graders.
Forest Service Research Paper RM- 167. Rocky Moun- 2. All groups showed an increase in performance from
tain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, pretest to posttest.
CO, pp. 66. 3. Third grade students performed higher in the school
Gobster, P.H. and Chenoweth, R.E. (1990). Peak aesthetic setting, while the fifth grade students performed higher
experiences and the natural landscape. In Proceedings in the nature center environment.
of EDRA 21 (pp 185-19 1). Oklahoma City: Environ- 4. Fifth grade girls in the nature center group performed
mental Design and Research Association. better on the retention test than all other groups.
Ulrich, R.S. (1981). Natural versus urban scenes: Some Behavioral Data
psychophysiological effects. Environment andBehavior 1. Students spent most of their time on-task.
13, 523-556. 2. Third graders were more on-task in the school setting,
while fifth graders were more on-task at the nature
center.
Affective Data
1. Over half the students (56.2%) thought the forest was
the best place to learn about trees, with greenhouse
(13.4%) and classroom (10.8%) next.
2. Over 80% preferred the field trip.
The study demonstrates that the general environment
and the grade level of students are both important factors to
consider in learning situations. The authors suggest a curvi-
linear model that shows the relationship between learning,
setting novelty, and off-task behavior.