This presentation was given by Dr Aleksandra Kazmierczak on the 20th June 2012.
The aim of the presentation was to discuss the vulnerability of urban communities to climate change risks in Greater Manchester.
Find out more about NCVO: http://www.ncvo.org.uk
Potential climate change impacts on weather, disease, and transportation 23 a...ChadCogan
This white paper is designed to provide analysis of relevant, publicly available information on threat and hazard events/trends and their potential impacts to the interests of the United States, both at home and abroad. This product is not intended to be an all-encompassing assessment of the subject.
Define disaster
Classify the disaster
Explain natural and man made disasters
Describe social issues after disaster
Learn psychological issues after disaster
Elaborate social issues during disaster
Define disaster management
Discuss disaster management
A Deep Dive into the Tonga volcano EruptionCharlie
I look into the recent eruption of a volcano near to Tonga and what its affect were. I also look into a historical big volcanic eruption that caused temporary atmospheric changes.
Potential climate change impacts on weather, disease, and transportation 23 a...ChadCogan
This white paper is designed to provide analysis of relevant, publicly available information on threat and hazard events/trends and their potential impacts to the interests of the United States, both at home and abroad. This product is not intended to be an all-encompassing assessment of the subject.
Define disaster
Classify the disaster
Explain natural and man made disasters
Describe social issues after disaster
Learn psychological issues after disaster
Elaborate social issues during disaster
Define disaster management
Discuss disaster management
A Deep Dive into the Tonga volcano EruptionCharlie
I look into the recent eruption of a volcano near to Tonga and what its affect were. I also look into a historical big volcanic eruption that caused temporary atmospheric changes.
Presentation from a Cary Institute of Ecosystems Studies public forum on climate change by Perry Sheffield, Professor of Pediatrics and Preventative Medicine, Mount Sinai
Climate change is both a development issue and an environmental issue. Developing countries are more vulnerable to climate change than rich countries. CC may be limited to a specific region, or it may occur across the whole Earth.
It can be caused by recurring and cyclical climate patterns.
The causes of climate change are many. There is a need to understand these factors for reducing the effects.
FOR THIS PROJECT I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHER MRS. SAYEEDA BANO MAM AS SHE HAD PROVIDED US A LOT OF EFFORTS . I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK OUR PRINCIPAL MRS. K. SULEENA NAIR AS SHE GAVE US A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY TO SHOW OUR TALENT. I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK MY PARENTS AS THEY PROVIDED ME WITH ALL THE NECESSARY MATERIALS NEEDED FOR THE PROJECT.
Introduction to natural disaster
About earthquake
How earthquake happens
Major earthquakes around the world
A natural disaster is an event with a natural, as opposed to human, cause that results in large-scale loss of life or damage to property. It could be related to weather, geology, biology or even factors outside the Earth. Examples are earthquakes, hurricanes, droughts and flooding. Disease epidemics are sometimes considered natural disasters, but may be put into a different category. In some cases, natural and human factors may combine to produce a disaster.
An earthquake (also known as a quake,tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the earth’s crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity , seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.
The case study is part of the Cultural Commisioning project at NCVO.
The case study was by Telford and Wrekin Music Education Hub and explores what they have learnt from commission priorities.
Find out more about the Cultural Commissioning project: http://www.ncvo.org.uk/practical-support/public-services/cultural-commissioning-programme
Presentation from a Cary Institute of Ecosystems Studies public forum on climate change by Perry Sheffield, Professor of Pediatrics and Preventative Medicine, Mount Sinai
Climate change is both a development issue and an environmental issue. Developing countries are more vulnerable to climate change than rich countries. CC may be limited to a specific region, or it may occur across the whole Earth.
It can be caused by recurring and cyclical climate patterns.
The causes of climate change are many. There is a need to understand these factors for reducing the effects.
FOR THIS PROJECT I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHER MRS. SAYEEDA BANO MAM AS SHE HAD PROVIDED US A LOT OF EFFORTS . I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK OUR PRINCIPAL MRS. K. SULEENA NAIR AS SHE GAVE US A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY TO SHOW OUR TALENT. I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK MY PARENTS AS THEY PROVIDED ME WITH ALL THE NECESSARY MATERIALS NEEDED FOR THE PROJECT.
Introduction to natural disaster
About earthquake
How earthquake happens
Major earthquakes around the world
A natural disaster is an event with a natural, as opposed to human, cause that results in large-scale loss of life or damage to property. It could be related to weather, geology, biology or even factors outside the Earth. Examples are earthquakes, hurricanes, droughts and flooding. Disease epidemics are sometimes considered natural disasters, but may be put into a different category. In some cases, natural and human factors may combine to produce a disaster.
An earthquake (also known as a quake,tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the earth’s crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity , seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.
The case study is part of the Cultural Commisioning project at NCVO.
The case study was by Telford and Wrekin Music Education Hub and explores what they have learnt from commission priorities.
Find out more about the Cultural Commissioning project: http://www.ncvo.org.uk/practical-support/public-services/cultural-commissioning-programme
Presented on Tuesday 6 September at NCVO Campaigning Conference 2016.
Karl Wilding, Director of Public Policy and Volunteering, NCVO
Natasha Adams, Tex Campaign Manager, ActionAid
Johnny Chatterton, Co-founder and Executive Director, Campaign Bootcamp
Jon Quinn, Head of Campaigns, Shelter
Chloe Hardy, Head of Campaigns and Public Affairs, Action for Children
Becca Bunce, Co-director, IC Change campaign
If you would like to find out more about our training and events, visit our website at https://www.ncvo.org.uk/training-and-events.
This presentation on climate change was given by Kate Lonsdale.
Kate Lonsdale from the NCVO climate change and BME Communities Project gave this in Manchester on the 1st May 2012.
Find out more about NCVO events: http://www.ncvo.org.uk/training-and-events/events-listing
Presentation by Sharon Scaniglia which was part of the Cultural Commissioning National Seminar in London on the 6th June 2014.
Find out more about Cultural Commissioning Programme. http://www.ncvo.org.uk/practical-support/public-services/cultural-commissioning-programme
NCVO's policy director Karl Wilding outlines nine challenges that need to be overcome to get the social sector to think more about the sharing economy.
Presentation from Colin Bray (Devon Libraries) was part of the Cultural Commissioning National Seminar in Doncaster on the 10th June 2014.
Find out more about Cultural Commissioning Programme. http://www.ncvo.org.uk/practical-support/public-services/cultural-commissioning-programme
Presented on Tuesday 6 September at NCVO Campaigning Conference 2016.
Peter Bryant, Head of Learning Technology and Innovation, London School of Economics and Political Science
Tim Hughes, Open Government Programme Manager, Involve
Nick Davies, Public Services Manager, NCVO (chair)
If you would like to find out more about our training and events, visit our website at https://www.ncvo.org.uk/training-and-events.
Presented on Tuesday 6 September at NCVO Campaigning Conference 2016.
David Mills, Director of Communications, Social Market Foundation
Rachel Almeida, Head of Policy, Research and Public Affairs, Victim Support
Karl Wilding, Director of Public Policy and Volunteering, NCVO (chair)
If you would like to find out more about our training and events, visit our website at https://www.ncvo.org.uk/training-and-events.
Presented on Tuesday 6 September at NCVO Campaigning Conference 2016.
Abigail Scott Paul, Deputy Director, Communications, Joseph Rowntree Foundation
Lucy Bush, Associate Director, Britain Thinks
Aidan Warner, Senior External Relations Officer, NCVO (chair)
If you would like to find out more about our training and events, visit our website at https://www.ncvo.org.uk/training-and-events.
Climate Change - Impacts and Humanitarian ImplicationsCharles Ehrhart
Climate change: impacts and humanitarian implications. Presentation at the Dubai International Humanitarian Aid & Development Conference (DIHAD), April 2009.
Climate Change & Water Crisis Around The WorldRidhimaThakkur
Climate change is affecting every aspect of life on the planet. The world urgently needs to make the shift to a low-carbon future to avoid irreversible damage to our planet like water scarcity, severe air pollution, etc.
This is the fifth lesson taught under the course - Climate Change and Global Environment at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Climate change is currently threatening the livelihoods of millions of people by altering the natural and physical
assets they rely on. The challenge for adaptation technologies is to deal with the potential for future
changes whilst being resilient to climate variability. Uncertainty about how climate change will manifest in a precise location requires cautions when selecting a
technological solution to avoid locking a community to an unsuitable technology.
Israel is recognized as being at the forefront of high-tech innovation, backed by a highly educated and creative
workforce and a sound infrastructure. The Israeli industry is always breaching for newer and innovative technologies.
Today Israel has about 350 cleantech companies and they are developing and growing constantly. In the following publication a review of the different adaptation technologies offered by Israeli industry will be outlined
by sectors and numerous subsectors.
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uilding Human Resilience
he Role of Public Health Preparedness and Response As an
daptation to Climate Change
ark E. Keim, MD
bstract: Global climate change will increase the probability of extreme weather events, including
heatwaves, drought, wildfire, cyclones, and heavy precipitation that could cause floods and
landslides. Such events create significant public health needs that can exceed local capacity
to respond, resulting in excess morbidity or mortality and in the declaration of disasters.
Human vulnerability to any disaster is a complex phenomenon with social, economic,
health, and cultural dimensions. Vulnerability to natural disasters has two sides: the degree
of exposure to dangerous hazards (susceptibility) and the capacity to cope with or recover
from disaster consequences (resilience). Vulnerability reduction programs reduce suscep-
tibility and increase resilience. Susceptibility to disasters is reduced largely by prevention
and mitigation of emergencies. Emergency preparedness and response and recovery
activities—including those that address climate change—increase disaster resilience.
Because adaptation must occur at the community level, local public health agencies are
uniquely placed to build human resilience to climate-related disasters. This article discusses
the role of public health in reducing human vulnerability to climate change within the
context of select examples for emergency preparedness and response.
(Am J Prev Med 2008;35(5):508 –516) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of
Preventive Medicine.
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limate Change and Extreme Weather Events
lobal climate change will increase the probabil-
ity of extreme weather events1 (Table 1), which
may be associated either with high precipita-
ion (i.e., storms, floods, and landslides) or with low
recipitation (i.e., heat, drought, wildfire).1 These
vents often overwhelm the capacity of communities
nd local governments to respond, requiring outside
ssistance. Such mismatches between needs and re-
ources often result in declarations of disaster.
High-precipitation events, which are likely to in-
rease in frequency, will compound the risk of flood
nd landslide disasters. According to the UN Intergov-
rnmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): “Many
illions more people are projected to be flooded every
ear due to sea-level rise by the 2080s. In some areas
eatwaves are expected to increase in severity and
requency, expanding drought affected areas.”1 In low-
atitude regions, crop productivity is expected to de-
rease, thus increasing the risk for hunger, particularly
n Africa and small island developing States. “By 2020,
etween 75 and 250 million people are projected to be
xposed to an increase in water stress.”1
rom the National Center for Environmental Health, Agency for
oxic Substances and Disease Registry, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
Address ...
Climate Tipping Points and the Insurance SectorOpen Knowledge
Climate change won’t be a smooth transition to a warmer world, warns the Tipping Points Report by Allianz and WWF. Twelve regions around the world will be most affected by abrupt changes.
A presentation on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, with particular relevance to Africa and Trans-frontier Conservation Areas within Southern Africa
A panel discussion considering what the future hold for charities and their governance, and how trustees can support their charities to survive and thrive.
Here we share our progress on updating the Charity Governance Code. Hear from the Code steering group about changes that are being made to the Diversity and Integrity principles following its refresh.
The panel will share some of the proposed changes to the Integrity principle, offering a preview of the updates. They will also reflect on findings from engagement and the extended consultation on enhancements to the Diversity principle. This will be an opportunity for the steering group to share their learning, having listened to a range of experiences. It is also an opportunity to discuss best practice which has been identified through the revision work. Finally, the group will offer an update on next steps on the Code's revision.
We’ve put together this video guide to using the governance wheel to carry out a board effectiveness review. It will be most useful for trustees or staff who are undertaking a board review for their own charity and want to know how best to use the governance wheel to support them in this.
As the charity sector continues to manage the impact of the pandemic, many charities are facing financial uncertainty. In this context many senior leaders, to ensure their charity’s sustainability, will be considering collaboration and merger. In this webinar, in association with Bates Wells, we aim to answer questions such as: When should a charity in crisis consider merging? What are the alternatives? How can you make the best decision for your organisation? You will also hear about a new online decision-making tool which will help organisations chart the options open to them in a tight financial spot.
Normal working practices have changed dramatically in a very short period. Most staff are still working remotely, and many organisations have made use of the furlough scheme. This has meant organisations are having to manage and support staff remotely; review some existing policies to ensure they are still fit for purpose; and manage with a reduced and rotating staff capacity. In partnership with our Trusted Supplier Croner, in this webinar we will be sharing good practice on managing and supporting staff in this new environment. We will be joined by Vicky Scott, Operations and HR Manager at Hackney CVS who will share the experiences and learnings of Hackney CVS in this new context.
The economic impact of coronavirus means that many voluntary sector organisations will be going through a period of significant change over the coming months. For many of the hardest hit charities, the process of restructuring and making redundancies will sadly be inevitable. In this webinar we help organisations prepare for this context.
Entering a new phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, with the option of returning to your workplace, has legal and practical implications for all charities. Employers need to be clear about what they are required to do to ensure the health and safety of their staff and volunteers. Employers are having to consider questions such as: what reasonable adjustments should employers make for their workforce in returning to a ‘new normal?’ How can we prepare for what lies ahead? In partnership with TrustLaw, in this webinar we aim to answer these questions. We will be joined by Sarah Valentine, Senior Associate at Eversheds Sutherland and Andrew New, Head of Education at St John Ambulance.
Slides from a webinar broadcast on 15 July 2020, sharing what volunteering organisations have learned since the lockdown in March.
Watch the full recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyFbDAtHHQo
Slides of NCVO webinar that took place on 24 June 2020 covering:
the general health and safety obligations to staff and volunteers, the key legal and practical issues employers need to consider and where to go for further support and guidance.
Watch the webinar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDBvyTIFTIc
Slides of the NCVO webinar that took place in June 2020 covering:
1) the role of the chair and the board in supporting organisations in the next phase
2) challenges and opportunities which the easing of lockdown presents for trustees
3) tips and resources to help boards plan in a period of significant change
Watch the webinar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaPktkiCRgo
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and Grafana
Vulnerability of communities to climate change
1. 1
The aim of the presentation is to discuss the vulnerability of urban
communities to climate change risks in Greater Manchester.
Dr Aleksandra Kazmierczak is a Research Associate at the University of
Manchester in the theme of Cities and Climate Change. Her particular
research interests are vulnerability of urban communities to climate change
and the role of urban greening as an adaptation response to the changing
climate.
2. This presentation presents findings of the research project ‘EcoCities: The
Bruntwood Initiative for Sustainable Cities’, which is a collaborative research
programme between the University of Manchester and property development
company Bruntwood.
The main aim of the project was to investigate the climate risks and the
vulnerability of different aspects of the urban environment Greater Manchester
(e.g. communities, buildings, infrastructure) to these risks, and to propose
appropriate adaptation responses (e.g. changes in urban form, institutional and
community actions).
The findings of the research project and other relevant information are
summarised on www.adaptingmanchester.co.uk.
2
3. 3
This presentation focuses on one aspect of the EcoCities research: the
vulnerability of communities to climate change impacts. It will explore the
climate-related risks and discuss the reasons why some people and
communities are more vulnerable than others. Then it will present the spatial
distribution of the vulnerable communities in Greater Manchester and the
associations between the level of vulnerability and the occurrence of climate
impacts. This will be illustrated by case studies at the district and
neighbourhood level. The presentation will also present some adaptation
responses that could be explored in order to minimise the climate risks to
vulnerable communities.
4. 4
One of the climate change risks that is likely to increase in the future is surface
water flooding, which is predominantly caused by short duration intense
rainfall, occurring locally. Such floods are difficult to forecast, warn against and
prepare for. The rainwater cannot infiltrate into the ground due to high
proportion of sealed surfaces (e.g. tarmac) and the urban drainage systems
often cannot cope with the amount of rainwater entering them.
The analysis of past extreme weather events through the Local Climate
Impacts Profile (LCLIP) exercise suggests that surface water flooding in
Greater Manchester may be becoming more frequent. This may be related to
the increasing proportion of sealed surfaces associated with urban
development, as well as the changes in weather patterns.
The future climate projections for Greater Manchester suggest that the rainfall
will be more concentrated: the wettest days will become even wetter. For the
large part of Greater Manchester, it is unlikely that by the 2050s (under the
high emissions scenario) the increase in rainfall on the wettest day will be
smaller than +1.4% and greater than +31%.
5. 5
Around 14% of the Greater Manchester area is susceptible to shallow surface
water flooding (up to 10 centimetres) and only around 2% of the area are at
risk of flooding up to 1 metre in depth.
The images show the proportion of Lower Super Output Areas (or LSOAs -
territorial units used in census; there are 1646 LSOAs in Greater Manchester)
at the risk of flooding. The risk of flooding is widespread: only five of 1646
LSOAs are not affected by surface water flooding. Shallow flooding is mainly
present in the south of the conurbation; deeper flooding may affect areas in
the north.
6. Another climate change risk is the rising temperatures in the summer.
Currently, the maximum temperature of the warmest day in summer in Greater
Manchester is 26°C. The climate change projections for Greater Manchester
suggest that by the 2050s, under the high emissions scenario, the warmest
day is unlikely to be less than 1.5°C hotter and unlikely to be more than 6°C
hotter than in the baseline scenario.
6
7. The temperatures in cities are additionally raised by the Urban Heat Island
Effect, whereby densely built-up areas in urban centres absorb and re-radiate
more heat than areas with more vegetation.
The image presents the extent and intensity of Urban Heat Island in Greater
Manchester, shown as the deviation of surface temperatures from the average
surface temperature in Greater Manchester, and modelled for different types of
land use. The surface temperatures in the city centre can be over 2°C higher
than the average, and up to 5°C higher than in the suburbs.
7
8. The number of heatwave events per year is likely to increase under the
changing climate. A heatwave, as defined by the UK Met Office, occurs when a
maximum temperature exceeds 30°C for two days and a minimum
temperature exceedis 15°C on the intervening night.
Climate projections for central Manchester indicate that under the high
emissions scenario for the 2050s (highlighted in yellow), there can be up to 9
heatwave events a year.
8
9. Exposure to extreme and prolonged heat has negative impact on human
health. It may cause heat cramps and heat exhaustion. Dehydration,
hyperthermia and heat stroke are the most common causes of death during
heat waves, followed by genital-urinary and respiratory illnesses. In Europe,
the heatwave of 2003 resulted in over 80,000 additional deaths across sixteen
countries. This is because in temperate regions, severe but very hot episodes
during periods of generally milder weather conditions cause an increase in
weather-related mortality more significant than in regions that are permanently
hot.
The impacts of flooding on people include drowning and physical injuries, as
well as stress and psychological trauma associated with loss of belongings,
damage to property, and the necessity to move out. A loss of electricity may
also impact water pumps and lead to problems with obtaining drinking water.
This, combined with poor drainage, may result in diseases from the contact
with water contaminated by sewage, such as diarrhoea. People living in
properties that have been affected by flooding suffer from worse health and
higher mortality rates.
High temperatures are associated with lower productivity and flooding can
cause travel difficulties. This means that climate impacts affect not only
individuals, but also entire communities and cities.
9
10. 10
Some people are more vulnerable to climate and weather impacts, i.e. they
are more susceptible to harm than others, due to their different capacities to
deal with hazards. Vulnerability of people to flooding is influenced by the
following four types of issues:
- Access to information: for example, the awareness of living in a flood risk
area, on knowing what to do in the event of flooding or heatwave. Access to
information can by limited for those without strong social networks, people
unfamiliar with their neighbourhood and those unable to understand the
information provided.
- Ability to prepare: for example, the ability to invest in flood insurance,
property-level flood protection measures, or electric fans and air conditioning
for heatwaves; also the physical ability to secure belongings from flooding.
- Ability to respond: knowing what to do and being able to act or receive help in
the event of heatwaves or flooding.
- Ability to recover. Some people may find it difficult to find the resources,
energy and mental strength to start again after flooding.
11. 11
The ability of people to prepare for, respond to and recover after flooding is
affected by a number of factors:
-Age: The elderly were the main victims of the 2003 heatwave. Children and
the elderly are more susceptible to health-related impacts of floods and suffer
considerable psychological trauma following flood events.
- Health: Poor health makes it more difficult to prepare for flooding and those
in poor health are more affected by heat stress. Pre-existing health problems
affect the ability of people to recover after flooding.
- Material situation: Limited income reduces the ability to invest in flood
protection measures, flood insurance or cooling systems.
- Living arrangements: Those in rented accommodation are often in the area
temporarily and may not be familiar with the local flood issues; tenants are
often unable to install adaptation measures in their accommodation. Those
living on their own can be isolated from information and help, and overcrowded
households may be more difficult to evacuate.
- Family issues: Households with dependant children may be hindered in their
preparations for the flooding by child care. Single parents may find it more
difficult to recover after flooding.
- Communication difficulaties: Those not speaking English may not
understand the information about flooding and heatwaves and the advice what
12. to do. Some cultural barriers to preparation to flooding, responding to heat
waves by adjusting dress and life style, or accepting help from others may
occur.
11
13. 12
The indicators of vulnerability corresponding with the factors listed on the
previous slide were statistically analysed at the level of Lower Super Output
Area in Greater Manchester. This helped to identify four underlying aspects of
vulnerability: Poverty and poor health, diverse communities, families with
children and the elderly. These aspects emphasise the predominant reason for
vulnerability; however, it may be accompanied by other aspects (for example,
the areas with high proportion of the elderly may also be characterised by a
high proportion of people in poor health).
On the maps, the darkest areas represent the highest vulnerability. The spatial
distribution of the different aspects of vulnerability in Greater Manchester can
be summarised as follows:
1. Areas characterised by poverty and poor health in general concentrate
around town centres, but there are also pockets of deprivation and poor
health in more suburban areas.
2. The LSOAs with high diversity of communities are even more visibly
associated with the urban centres across Greater Manchester.
3. Areas characterised by high proportion of children in the population are
more prevalent in suburban and peripheral parts of the conurbation.
4. The LSOAs with high proportion of elderly people are scattered
15. 13
By overlaying the maps of vulnerability and surface water flooding it was
possible to investigate the associations between the spatial distribution of
vulnerable communities and flooding. There are no clear associations between
the level of vulnerability and the proportion of LSOA at the risk of surface water
flooding. For example, the more diverse and poorer communities tend to be
slightly more exposed to shallow flooding, but less affected deep surface water
flooding.
16. 14
Overlaying the spatial information on the vulnerability of communities and
flooding allows to identify the priority areas, where actions can be tailored to
the predominant reasons for vulnerability.
These maps show the distribution of areas at risk of shallow surface water
flooding (the blue circles represents the % of LSOA area that is susceptible to
this type of flooding) and river flooding (hatched areas) combined with the
vulnerability of communities (the background colour) in Salford. The areas
where the high vulnerability is combined with the widespread flooding should
be prioritised.
17. The poorer and more diverse communities tend to live in more urbanised
locations, thus are more exposed to high temperatures due to the Urban Heat
Island (UHI) effect. The graphs show that areas where the surface
temperatures are higher than the average for Greater Manchester are also
characterised by the higher vulnerability of communities due to poverty and
poor health and the diversity of communities. In particular the association
between the diversity of communities and location within the UHI is clearly
visible (the right graph).
15
18. 16
In Greater Manchester the communities vulnerable due to high poverty and
poor health and high ethnic and cultural diversity coincide spatially with areas
at risk of surface water flooding and higher temperatures. This calls for
adaptation measures that would limit the current weather impacts and the
future climate change risks to these communities.
The following aspects of adaptation can be considered:
-Appropriate provision of emergency services, which provide assistance during
extreme weather events;
-Community actions targeting the underlying reasons for vulnerability, such as
poverty, and improving the access to information, and the ability to prepare,
respond and recover;
-Changes in land cover, in particular in relation to urban greening, as
vegetation reduces the temperatures and helps to absorb the excess
rainwater. Also introducing surfaces reflecting heat and permeable to water
can be considered;
- Housing improvements: introduction of flood resilience measures and anti-
overheating measures.
19. 17
The more vulnerable areas in Greater Manchester are within shorter distances
from GP surgeries than the less vulnerable communities. They are also better
served by fire service and police. This means that a swift emergency services’
response in the event of flooding or heat wave is likely in these areas.
20. 18
The community actions that help to adapt to the changing climate may include
the following:
- Targeting the underlying causes of vulnerability, such as poverty, poor health
or social isolation.
- Improving the access to information for the ethnic minority groups and other
vulnerable communities. The information about the climate change risks,
recommended actions and sources of support should be presented in a
appropriate format and language.
- Supporting the networks of volunteers, who can help people to prepare for,
respond to, and recover after extreme weather events. This can include help
for the elderly (e.g. during heatwaves) or taking care of the children whilst the
parents are preparing their home for flooding.
21. 19
Green spaces help to reduce the risk of surface water flooding by absorbing
rainwater and they cool the urban environment by shading and lower
absorption and re-emission of heat than the built-up areas.
The graphs show that the poorer and more diverse communities tend to live in
areas with lower proportion of green space than wealthier and more
homogenous communities. One type of action that could be encouraged in
these areas is gardening, with an emphasis on removing the paving from front
gardens. Tree planting is valuable for shading, especially in private gardens
and on streets to the south-west of houses.
22. 20
Property level flood protection measures (flood gates, valves on sewage pipes,
raised appliances and electricity sockets) can be used in areas frequently
affected by flooding. However, they are mainly appropriate for semi- and
detached housing. The poorer and more diverse communities tend to live in
terraced housing; here street-level solutions are more appropriate, as the
water could seep from one house to another, meaning that even those
protected from flooding could be damaged. Sustainable urban drainage
systems – vegetated swales or green alleyways could be more suitable in
areas of terraced housing.
Anti-overheating measures include housing insulation (which also helps to
reduce the energy use) and shading for windows and walls to avoid heat
absorption. Using light colours on roofs and walls also reduces heat gains.
The high proportion of poor-quality housing in areas inhabited by poor and
diverse communities means that the anti-flood and anti-overheating measures
could be introduced during the general improvement works.
23. The areas located within the urban heat island tend to have higher proportion
of private-rented and social-rented housing. This means that working with
landlords is essential in order to introduce the anti-overheating measures.
21
24. The diversity of communities in urban areas, combined with the variety of
housing, tenure and varying provision of green space creates a complex
picture. Successful adaptation takes this context in consideration.
This image shows a part of Manchester (Whalley Range / Moss Side), 1.4 x
1.4 km in size, inhabited by communities highly vulnerable due to high diversity
of communities, poverty and also high proportion of children and the elderly in
the population. The background colour indicates the proportion of building
walls facing south east, south or south west (they are prone to overheating).
This is combined with different types of housing present, and varying presence
of trees for shading.
The suite of adaptation measures targeted at reducing the risk of overheating
in this area will be different almost in every 200m x 200m square.
22
26. 24
Sources of information:
Responding to heat and social vulnerability:
http://www.adaptingmanchester.co.uk/documents/heat-and-social-vulnerability-
greater-manchester-risk-response-case-study
Surface water flooding risk to urban communities: Analysis of vulnerability,
hazard and exposure:
http://www.adaptingmanchester.co.uk/documents/surface-water-flooding-risk-
urban-communities-analysis-vulnerability-hazard-and-exposure%E2%80%99
Greater Manchester Local Climate Impacts Profile:
http://www.adaptingmanchester.co.uk/documents/greater-manchester-local-
climate-impacts-profile-gmlcip-and-assessing-manchester-city
Recent changes and trends in Greater Manchester’s climate:
http://www.adaptingmanchester.co.uk/documents/recent-changes-and-trends-
greater-manchester%E2%80%99s-climate
Climate change projections for Greater Manchester:
http://www.adaptingmanchester.co.uk/documents/climate-change-projections-
greater-manchester-version-2