The document discusses the evolution of software architecture in relation to business needs and emerging technologies, drawing parallels to Gothic cathedral architecture. It emphasizes the shift towards cost reduction, application modernization, and the integration of complex event processing and event-driven architecture, particularly through cloud computing and ecosystems. The conclusion highlights SOA's ongoing relevance while indicating that it will adapt and converge with other technologies to meet the dynamic requirements of modern enterprise architecture.

1. www.cbdiforum.com
Service Architecture
Evolution
David Sprott
Smart Practices
for Application Modernization

2. Architecture and Time
Gothic cathedral architecture style evolved over several centuries as techniques,
materials and skills developed and as the buildings were erected in new
environments that presented new challenges.
Early Gothic High Gothic Rayonnant Flamboyant
St Denis Ambulatory Chartres St Chapelle Paris Saint-Maclou, Rouen
1140 AD 1194 1224 AD 1243-1248 AD 1434-1521 AD
Why would software architecture be any different in principle?
© 2009 Everware-CBDI International

3. Business Requirements and Drivers
Last decade:
SOA = primarily an IT led strategy. Vendor led.
“SOA projects” and technology infrastructure.
The recession has had a major impact on IT project activity.
“There is no business as usual – all architecture activity is focused on
conventional integration.” Chief architect, Banking
“EA function has been eliminated as a cost saving measure because it could
not show short term ROI.” Chief architect, Pharmaceutical Company
Next decade?
Intense focus on cost reduction and support for optimization and innovation.
© 2009 Everware-CBDI International

4. New Business Reality
Business Example Goals Business and IT Architectural Response
Drivers
Cost Consolidate disparate, Application Modernization
Reduction eliminate duplicate Separation of business process and back end systems.
resources. Standardization on common processes.
Componentization of back end systems.
M&A Reduce complexity of panic Multi-channel business and technology architecture.
completion post merger activity. Common services span and standardize multiple legacy silos.
Reduce point to point
integration.
Demerger Reduce costs of, and Componentization, Layered architecture.
facilitate ease of separation.
Specific Reduce head count; Breaking down conventional (application) boundaries.
business increase seat profitability; Engage with unconventional partners.
goals increase resource Create richer business process, event and service models including
(CSFs) utilization; meet emission management information and business intelligence.
targets etc.
Climate Reduce cost of energy; Smart systems fed by smart meters and sensors.
Change Optimize energy source. Virtualization and shared resources.
Collaborative processes across disparate supply chains.
Regulatory Automated policy Standard compliance operations on all services.
Compliance implementation.
Real time MI
© 2009 Everware-CBDI International

5. Key Technology Enablers and Influences
Web 2.0 Sensors Analytics
Complex Event Processing (CEP)
Event Driven Architecture (EDA)
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
A richer set of architectural patterns that potentially enable better achievement
of principles and deliver business opportunity – in the Cloud!
© 2009 Everware-CBDI International

6. Technology Enablers and Influences - Cloud
Cloud Description Examples Evolving Service
Capability Architecture
SaaS Multi-tenant software as a service Salesforce; Google Apps; Business Capability services
architecture delivered as Web IBM LotusLive [Important note – Most SaaS
services. vendors don’t use SOA today,]
Utility Data center components accessed Amazon EC2; Sun Open Infrastructure Capability services
Computing as Web services. Source Cloud; IBM Utility
Computing
Web services Web services hosting or broking Strike Iron, Xignite Commodity services
brokers allows developers to assemble
business and technology services
from disparate sources.
Business Enterprises offer Web based Amazon Web services; US Business services
services business services as an integral Postal Service; DHL
part of their business offering ExpediteShip;
Platform as a Development, integration and Salesforce Force.com; Dynamic SOI
Service operating environment allows use Google App Engine; BT
of virtual infrastructure 21C Network; IBM
Rational
Business ESB in the cloud. BT Integrate; OpSource SOI
Service Connect;
Network
© 2009 Everware-CBDI International

7. Technology Enablers and Influences
- Complex Event Processing (CEP)
Process Service
RAW
EVENT
RAW Capability Service
BUSINESS
CEP
EVENT EVENT
RAW Core Business Service
EVENT RULES
CEP should be regarded as a separate pattern from EDA with very different objectives.
EDA may or may not be adopted in conjunction with CEP. They are separate decisions.
The development of CEP is largely constrained by the availability and quality of event data
which probably explains why CEP is primarily deployed in point applications today.
© 2009 Everware-CBDI International

8. Technology Enablers and Influences
- Event Driven Architecture (EDA)
<<Application>> <<Application>>
Parcels System Parcels System
1 3
Process
EDA EXAMPLE
Schedule Pickup Pickup and Deliver
3
2 2 5
Shipments 4 Shipments
1
Subcontractors Core Business Subcontractors Core Business
1. Parcels System makes asynch service call to 1. Subcontractors service subscribes to Shipments
Process Service - Schedule Pickup Service for shipmentRequestReceived
2. Schedule Pickup makes asynch service call to 2. Shipments service subscribes to
Subcontractors Service shipmentsScheduled
(Operation: requestSchedule) 3. Parcels Systems makes call to Shipments Core
3. On reply, Schedule Pickup makes asynch Business Service which triggers
service call to Shipments Service shipmentRequestReceived event.
(Operation: scheduleShipment) 4. Subcontractors service responds to event by
scheduling the shipment. This triggers the
shipmentScheduled event.
SOA EXAMPLE 5. The Shipments service responds to the
shipmentScheduled event by changing the state
of the shipment to Scheduled. © 2009 Everware-CBDI International

9. Technology Enablers and Influences - EDA Patterns
Publish/Subscribe (Pub-Sub). Consumers subscribe to events. Event emitters have no
knowledge of subscriber behavior. Services will normally register through a 3rd party (an
event service) rather than directly with each other, adding a level of decoupling to the
architecture. This would involve services registering as an Event source and then another
service subscribing for the event.
Capability Service – Services offer complete capability relating to a business resource
independent from other services.
State Change Precedence – Minimum pre condition requirement prior to change of state.
Pre conditions become post conditions wherever possible. (see below)
Instead of: “When creating a shipment if a customer is not provided, create a new customer.”
We have: “When a shipment has been created, if a customer was not provided, create a new customer.”
Based on work published by: Udi Dahan, The Architecture Journal 2009
© 2009 Everware-CBDI International

10. Technology Enablers and Influences – Complementary Patterns
EDA style SOA style
Independent process steps Predictable orchestration requirements
Cross functional and inter organization processes Cohesive process contained within a
(ecosystems) capability or composite application
Requirement for dynamic and discretionary response Facades for back end systems
to events High integrity data requires extensive pre-
Dynamic introduction of new events and subscribers conditions
High business value in managing complex events Stable pre-conditional rules
High ratio between event and possible event Service requests and responses can
responses trigger events
Events trigger services
The SOA style will increasingly be used to architect the internals of business capabilities
which have a high level of stability.
EDA will be adopted increasingly where response to events is highly dynamic and
orchestration requirements are less predictable. It will also be very relevant in situations
where new events and particularly new subscribers may be required on a dynamic basis.
Whilst there is lower orchestration required for EDA there is the potential for extremely
complex architecture which is very hard to test because there is no statement of how
things in the architecture are linked.
© 2009 Everware-CBDI International

11. Technology Enablers and Influences - Web 2.0
8
<<Application>> <<Application>> SMSAlertsandNotificationsService
Parcels System Parcels Mashup
9 globalAddressVerification
salesTaxCalculator
amazonPayments
6
10
7
Shipments
Subcontractors Core Business
6. Customers subscribe using SMSAlertsandNotificationsService to shipmentSpaceAvailable
7. Shipments Service publishes event shipmentSpaceAvailable for route/date combination
8. Customers place orders for space using hosted shopping cart SaaS
9. Order validation completed using commodity services including for address verification, sales
tax calculation and amazonPayments
10. Parcels Mashup System makes Service call to Core Business Service Shipments
(Operation: partLoadSale)
© 2009 Everware-CBDI International

12. Technology Enablers and Influences - Sensors
Infrastructure
Service Bus (ISB)
Resource-level
Infrastructure
Services
Infrastructure Data
Resources Server Router Switch Grid
Store
A rich source of events that allow enterprise systems to respond to events on the ground.
Example Systems Management - revolutionized by devices such as servers, network
switches etc that emit events and offer services in order that their entire function was
completely automatic
Rather than waiting for the problem to occur, and going further to automatically
provisioning alternative resources on demand according to preset policy
© 2009 Everware-CBDI International

13. Ecosystem NOT Enterprise
Benefits of Ecosystem Examples
Scoping
Focuses on outcomes of a Power grid delivery ecosystem involving nuclear, wind, coal, hydro etc
collaboration that delivers generators, plus transmission grid operators and major consumers allows
benefits to the real end user coordinated management systems to deliver continuous power when required
and or higher order goals and to minimize emissions.
Encourages process Airport terminal ecosystem involving airlines, airport security, airport logistics,
optimization across all ground transportation system operators, air traffic control etc facilitates
potential participants enhanced security through coordinated CEP systems.
Transportation systems ecosystem involves multiple transport operators, value
adding service providers such as ticketing, package providers, tour operators,
telecoms companies and security systems operators.
Focus on a common goal Reduce airline baggage losses and improve lost baggage retrieval time and cost.
Baggage ecosystem involving airlines, airports, security operators,
Define an ecosystem as a set of business capabilities that collaborate to support a
common purpose and exhibit high levels of interaction based on event relationships,
shared information and data concepts. An ecosystem may include part or whole of one
or many business processes; may span one or more enterprise. . .
© 2009 Everware-CBDI International

14. Conclusions
Event Driven Architecture patterns may increase loose coupling and may reduce or
increase complexity.
The CEP pattern adds new dimension to SOA that can potentially add business value.
Services will continue to be widely used because they are a real world concept.
Events occur in the real world
Architecture must comprehend and respond to them appropriately.
Integrating enterprise systems into Web 2.0 can offer more sophisticated behaviors to
business processes and consumers; capture richer set of raw and complex events.
Same applies to integrating sensors and analytics systems.
Cloud deployments will increasingly become normal. Ecosystems will probably be early
adopters of Cloud Computing
Enterprise systems and enterprise architecture are less relevant to today’s business goals;
may be widely replaced with goal centric systems that focus on unconventional boundaries
(ecosystem) spanning enterprises and business processes. .
Conventional boundaries no longer automatically apply.
Ecosystems model the real world.
© 2009 Everware-CBDI International

15. This presentation summarizes the CBDI Journal report
published November 2009:
Service Architecture Evolution
SOA is a core architecture that will persist for many decades to come. But
the original enterprise SOA vision is unlikely to be realized in the expected
manner. Rather SOA will morph and converge with other concepts and
technologies. In this report we explore how architecture practice is evolving
to respond to the prevailing business climate and to embrace emerging
technology trends.
By David Sprott
Read the full report: Subscribe to the CBDI Journal or license
the SOA Process Toolkit at: www.cbdiforum.com
.
© 2009 Everware-CBDI International

16. www.cbdiforum.com
Smart Practices for Application Modernization
www.everware-cbdi.com
16 © 2009 Everware-CBDI International