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This document discusses minerals of the Earth's crust. It defines a mineral as a natural, inorganic, crystalline solid. There are over 3,000 types of minerals, but only 20 are common, and a few like quartz make up 90% of the crust. Minerals are classified as silicates, which contain silicon and oxygen and make up 96% of the crust, or nonsilicates which do not contain silicon. All minerals have a definite crystalline structure and shape. Earth scientists identify minerals through tests of their characteristics such as color, hardness, crystal shape, and density.
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Minerals
The document provides information about minerals, including their classification and identification. It defines what qualifies something as a mineral and lists the five criteria. Key points include: minerals have distinct chemical compositions and physical structures; they are classified based on their chemical makeup and crystal structure; silicate minerals are the most common and are made of silica tetrahedrons; physical properties like habit, luster, cleavage, hardness, color, and streak are used to identify unknown minerals. Mafic and felsic silicates are contrasted and different silicate mineral structures are described. Common non-silicate minerals are also named.
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This document discusses minerals, their composition, properties, and classification. It states that minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure. Most minerals are compounds made up of two or more elements, with oxygen and silicon being the most common. Minerals are classified based on their chemical structure and physical properties such as hardness, crystal structure, cleavage, fracture characteristics, luster, color, streak, fluorescence, and reaction to acid. The properties of minerals provide information about their internal atomic structure and composition.
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1) Minerals are naturally formed solid substances with a crystal structure that are not alive and have a definite volume and shape.
2) All minerals share characteristics of being formed by natural processes, having a unique chemical makeup, and being made up of particles arranged in a repeating crystal pattern.
3) Minerals are grouped based on their chemical composition, with the most abundant group being silicates containing oxygen and silica like quartz and mica.
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This document provides information about minerals, including their classification and identification. It begins by defining what constitutes a mineral and explaining the key criteria. The main mineral groups are then introduced, particularly silicate minerals which are the most common. The document outlines different silicate mineral structures and provides examples. Physical properties that can be used to identify unknown minerals are described in detail. These include habit, luster, cleavage, hardness, color, streak, and other properties. Common non-silicate minerals are also listed. The document concludes with links to additional mineral resources.
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The six minerals amphibole, feldspar, mica, olivine, pyroxene, and quartz are the most common rock-forming minerals and are used as important tools in classifying rocks, particularly igneous rocks. This document provides an overview of the six commonest rock-forming minerals.
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Minerals have four defining characteristics - they are naturally occurring, inorganic, have a definite chemical composition, and have an orderly internal atomic structure. Most minerals form as crystals, either from cooling magma underground or precipitating from solution. Mineral groups are classified based on their chemical composition, with silicates being the most common as they contain silicon and oxygen, the most abundant elements in Earth's crust. Several physical properties can be used to identify minerals, including hardness, specific gravity, luster, streak, cleavage, and unique optical or magnetic qualities.
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Minerals have four defining characteristics - they are naturally occurring, inorganic, have a definite chemical composition, and have an orderly internal atomic structure. Most minerals form as crystals, either from cooling magma underground or precipitating from solution. Mineral groups are classified based on their chemical composition, with silicates being the most common as they contain silicon and oxygen, the most abundant elements in Earth's crust. Several physical properties can be used to identify minerals, including hardness, specific gravity, luster, streak, cleavage, and unique optical or magnetic qualities.
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Minerals / Common Rock-forming Minerals and their Physical and Chemical Prope...
Department of Education | Senior High School
Topic: Minerals / Common Rock-forming Minerals and their Physical and Chemical Properties
Learning Competency:
Earth and Life Science: Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties.
Earth Science (for STEM): Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties.
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Areas of Focus within The Geology Topics Unit: -Plate Tectonics, Evidence for Plate Tectonics, Pangea, Energy Waves, Layers of the Earth, Heat Transfer, Types of Crust, Plate Boundaries, Hot Spots, Volcanoes, Positives and Negatives of Volcanoes, Types of Volcanoes, Parts of a Volcano, Magma, Types of Lava, Viscosity, Earthquakes, Faults, Folds, Seismograph, Richter Scale, Seismograph, Tsunami's, Rocks, Minerals, Crystals, Uses of Minerals, Types of Crystals, Physical Properties of Minerals, Rock Cycle, Common Igneous Rocks, Common Sedimentary Rocks, Common Metamorphic Rocks.
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
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This document provides information about minerals and methods for studying their properties. It defines a mineral as a naturally occurring inorganic solid with specific physical properties and a definite chemical composition. Common rock-forming and economic minerals are described. The importance of mineralogy for civil engineering applications is outlined. Methods for studying minerals include examining their physical, chemical, optical, and atomic properties. Key physical properties discussed include form, color, streak, luster, fracture, cleavage, hardness, density, and transparency.
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Definition of mineral, mineralogy, Importance of study of minerals: rock forming and ore forming minerals. Different methods of study of minerals. Study of minerals by physical identification method and their physical properties.Forms and Habits, Colour, Streak, Lustre, Fracture, Cleavage, Hardness, Specific Gravity, Degree of Transparency, Special Properties Determination of Physical properties of following minerals: Feldspar, Quartz, Flint, Jasper, Olivine, Augite, Hornblende, Muscovite, Biotite, Asbestos, Chlorite, Kyanite, Garnet, Talc, Calcite. Study of ore forming minerals such as Pyrite, Hematite, Magnetite, Amethyst, Galena, Pyrolusite, Graphite, Magnetite, and Bauxite, Coral reefs.
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A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic compound with a unique chemical structure and physical properties.
A rock is a solid, stony mass composed of a combination of minerals or other organic compounds.
For example, quartz and feldspars are minerals, but when formed together, they make a rock, granite”
To determine if an Earth rock is a mineral, it should exhibit the following characteristics
Naturally occurring
Inorganic
Can be represented by a chemical formula
Crystalline structure
Solid
Most minerals form by inorganic processes but some, identical in all respects to inorganically formed minerals, are produced by organic processes
Transparency describes how well light passes through a mineral sample
There are three degrees of transparency: transparent, translucent, and opaque.
Habit of a mineral may be define as the size and shape of the crystal, and the structure of form shown by the crystal.
1. Accicular minerals showing needle like crystal. E.g. natrolite
2. Fibrous minerals showing an aggregate of long thin fibers. E.g. Asbestos
3. Tabular minerals showing bladed habit occur as small knife blades. E.g. Kyanite
4. Granular minerals which occur as aggregate of equidimensional grains. E.g. chromites
5. Pisolitic minerals which occur as aggregate of rounded grains of a pea size. E.g. oolite
6. Columnar minerals showing columnar crystal. E.g. tourmaline
Minerals strength determines how easy the mineral breaks or deforms when exposed to stress.
Reaction with Acid. Some minerals, especially carbonate minerals, react visibly with acid. (Usually, a dilute hydrochloric acid [HCl] is used.)
When a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid is placed on calcite, it readily bubbles or effervesces, releasing carbon dioxide
Characteristics of minerals
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After attending this module, the user would be able to know and explain the chemical classification of minerals and the types of minerals belonging to various classes and groups. The mineral kingdom is a very vast area in the subject of earth sciences. Mineralogy is a perfect physical science. About two thousand dominant minerals are popular and existing over the world, which are known for their unique properties. The study of the chemical classification of minerals is an essential topic in the subject of mineralogy.
Properties of minerals
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a crystal structure and definite chemical composition. They have specific identifying properties including hardness, color, streak, luster, and density. Minerals must be naturally occurring on Earth, inorganic, solid, and have a crystal structure with definite proportions of elements in their chemical composition.
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This document provides an overview of minerals and their properties. It discusses how minerals form through various geological processes and have been important to human civilization throughout history for tool-making and metalworking. Key points include:
- Minerals have distinct physical properties like luster, color, hardness that are used to identify them. They also have orderly crystalline structures and defined chemical compositions.
- The earliest minerals mined were flint and chert for tools. By 3700 BC Egyptians mined gold, silver and copper, and by 2200 BC humans discovered bronze alloy. Ironworking advanced by 800 BC.
- Geologists define minerals as naturally occurring inorganic solids with crystalline structures and chemical compositions. Major mineral groups
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Minerals / Common Rock-forming Minerals and their Physical and Chemical Prope...
Department of Education | Senior High School
Topic: Minerals / Common Rock-forming Minerals and their Physical and Chemical Properties
Learning Competency:
Earth and Life Science: Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties.
Earth Science (for STEM): Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties.
Please LIKE / FOLLOW and SHARE my other social media accounts.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Simple-ABbieC-131584525051378/
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Minerals
The document discusses the properties of rocks and minerals. It defines a mineral as having a definite chemical composition and naturally occurring inorganic formation. It notes that the two most abundant elements in the Earth's crust are silicon and oxygen, which combine to form silicate compounds. Minerals can be identified based on properties like crystal structure, color, streak, luster, hardness, cleavage, and fracture.
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This PowerPoint is one small part of the Geology Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 6000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 14 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 12 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, 6 PowerPoint review Game, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
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This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
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This document defines minerals and their classification. It explains that minerals have a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure, while rocks are aggregates of one or more minerals. Minerals are classified based on their chemical composition into 9 main classes: silicates, carbonates, sulfates, halides, oxides, sulfides, phosphates, elements, and organics. Each class is described in terms of common chemical formulas and examples. Physical properties used to identify minerals are also outlined.
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The document discusses minerals, including their properties and how they are formed and mined. A mineral is defined as a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline structure. Minerals can be identified based on properties like color, luster, streak, hardness, cleavage/fracture, density, and special properties. Minerals form in a variety of environments both deep underground and near the surface, such as in evaporating saltwater, limestones, metamorphic rocks, and hot-water solutions. They are mined through either surface or deep mining techniques.
Minerals
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids that have a definite chemical composition and crystal structure. They form through geological processes such as cooling of magma or crystallization of dissolved materials. Minerals are identified based on properties like color, crystal structure, hardness, and density. They have many important economic uses in construction, technology, and everyday products.
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This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the definition and the properties of the different classification of minerals.
Minerals
The document discusses minerals, their properties, and how they are classified. It defines minerals as naturally occurring solid substances with a crystal structure. All minerals share common characteristics - they form through natural processes, are not living, have a definite shape and volume, and are made of elements or compounds arranged in repeating crystal patterns. Minerals are grouped based on their chemical composition, with the most abundant group being silicates like quartz and mica. Physical properties like color, luster, hardness, cleavage/fracture, and specific gravity can be used to identify different minerals.
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This document provides information about minerals and methods for studying their properties. It defines a mineral as a naturally occurring inorganic solid with specific physical properties and a definite chemical composition. Common rock-forming and economic minerals are described. The importance of mineralogy for civil engineering applications is outlined. Methods for studying minerals include examining their physical, chemical, optical, and atomic properties. Key physical properties discussed include form, color, streak, luster, fracture, cleavage, hardness, density, and transparency.
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Definition of mineral, mineralogy, Importance of study of minerals: rock forming and ore forming minerals. Different methods of study of minerals. Study of minerals by physical identification method and their physical properties.Forms and Habits, Colour, Streak, Lustre, Fracture, Cleavage, Hardness, Specific Gravity, Degree of Transparency, Special Properties Determination of Physical properties of following minerals: Feldspar, Quartz, Flint, Jasper, Olivine, Augite, Hornblende, Muscovite, Biotite, Asbestos, Chlorite, Kyanite, Garnet, Talc, Calcite. Study of ore forming minerals such as Pyrite, Hematite, Magnetite, Amethyst, Galena, Pyrolusite, Graphite, Magnetite, and Bauxite, Coral reefs.
Importance of Mineral, Chemical Composition of Earth Crust, Structure of Silicates
Physical Properties of Minerals
Minerals' physical properties that distinguish every mineral including:
Color
Streak
Hardness
Cleavage
Fracture
Crystalline Structure
Luster
Others
and how to make difference between two minerals
Minerals
Rocks and Minerals
A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic compound with a unique chemical structure and physical properties.
A rock is a solid, stony mass composed of a combination of minerals or other organic compounds.
For example, quartz and feldspars are minerals, but when formed together, they make a rock, granite”
To determine if an Earth rock is a mineral, it should exhibit the following characteristics
Naturally occurring
Inorganic
Can be represented by a chemical formula
Crystalline structure
Solid
Most minerals form by inorganic processes but some, identical in all respects to inorganically formed minerals, are produced by organic processes
Transparency describes how well light passes through a mineral sample
There are three degrees of transparency: transparent, translucent, and opaque.
Habit of a mineral may be define as the size and shape of the crystal, and the structure of form shown by the crystal.
1. Accicular minerals showing needle like crystal. E.g. natrolite
2. Fibrous minerals showing an aggregate of long thin fibers. E.g. Asbestos
3. Tabular minerals showing bladed habit occur as small knife blades. E.g. Kyanite
4. Granular minerals which occur as aggregate of equidimensional grains. E.g. chromites
5. Pisolitic minerals which occur as aggregate of rounded grains of a pea size. E.g. oolite
6. Columnar minerals showing columnar crystal. E.g. tourmaline
Minerals strength determines how easy the mineral breaks or deforms when exposed to stress.
Reaction with Acid. Some minerals, especially carbonate minerals, react visibly with acid. (Usually, a dilute hydrochloric acid [HCl] is used.)
When a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid is placed on calcite, it readily bubbles or effervesces, releasing carbon dioxide
Characteristics of minerals
Minerals have five key characteristics that determine if a rock is classified as a mineral: 1) they are solid, 2) they are formed through inorganic processes, 3) they occur naturally, 4) they have a definite chemical composition, and 5) they have a definite crystalline structure. For a rock to be considered a mineral, it must meet at least three of these five characteristics, as some minerals do not exhibit all characteristics.
Classification of minerals
After attending this module, the user would be able to know and explain the chemical classification of minerals and the types of minerals belonging to various classes and groups. The mineral kingdom is a very vast area in the subject of earth sciences. Mineralogy is a perfect physical science. About two thousand dominant minerals are popular and existing over the world, which are known for their unique properties. The study of the chemical classification of minerals is an essential topic in the subject of mineralogy.
Properties of minerals
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a crystal structure and definite chemical composition. They have specific identifying properties including hardness, color, streak, luster, and density. Minerals must be naturally occurring on Earth, inorganic, solid, and have a crystal structure with definite proportions of elements in their chemical composition.
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- 1. Minerals of the Earth’s Crust Chapter 5 Earth Science
- 2. What is a Mineral? Basic material of the Earth’s crust Natural, inorganic, crystalline solid (organic- made up of living things or the remains of living things. inorganic- not made up of living things or the remains of living things.)
- 3. How do you determine a Mineral? Four basic questions to determine (Need yes to all): 1. Is the substance inorganic? 2. Does the substance occur naturally? 3. Solid or crystalline form? 4. Definite chemical composition?
- 4. Kinds of Minerals There are over 3,000 types of minerals. Only 20 of them are common. Only a few make up 90% of the Earth’s crust: quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, muscovite, biotite, calcite, dolomite, halite, gypsum, and ferromagnesian (olivines, pyroxenes, and amphiboles.)
- 5. All minerals are classified into two major groups based on their chemical composition: silicate and nonsilicate. Silicates make up over 96% of the Earth’s crust.
- 6. Silicate Minerals All silicates contain atoms of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O). For example, quartz, contains silicon and oxygen. Most silicates contain one or more different kinds of elements. Feldspars are the most common silicates.
- 7. Nonsilicate Minerals Make up 4% of the Earth’s crust. Do not contain silicon. Six major groups: carbonates, halides, native elements, oxides, sulfates, and sulfides.
- 8. Crystalline Structure All minerals have a crystalline structure. A crystal is a natural solid with a definite shape. Scientists look at the crystalline shape to help determine what type of mineral it is.
- 9. Part 2: Identifying Minerals Earth scientists, called mineralogists, conduct tests to determine the types of minerals. Characteristics of minerals: color, luster (metallic and nonmetallic), streak, cleavage and fracture, hardness (scratch test), crystal shape, and density.
- 10. Mineral hardness: Mohs Hardness Scale. -softer minerals are assigned a value of one, for example talc is very soft. -harder minerals are assigned a value of ten, for example diamond is very hard. Density = mass divided by volume
- 11. Special Properties of Minerals Magnetism Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Double Refraction Radioactivity