defines the types of excavators and its attachments, etc

1. TYPES OF EARTHWORK
EQUIPMENT
ANOOP J CHANDRAN
ROLL NO: 411704
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2. TOPICS TO BE HANDLE
▪ EXCAVATORS
▪ LOADERS
▪ RIPPERS
▪ TRUCKS & HAULLING EQUIPMENT
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3. EXCAVATORS
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4. EXCAVATORS
▪ Excavators are heavy equipment consisting of a boom, bucket and cabin
on a rotating platform (known as the "house").
▪ The house sits on an under carriage with tracks or wheels.
▪ All movement and functions of the excavator are accomplished through
the use of hydraulic fluid, be it with rams or motors.
▪ Performance of excavator can be measured from the production cycle.
▪ It is the time that an excavator took to load the bucket from source,
swing, dump, return back and dig again.
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6. CRAWLER EXCAVATOR
▪ Runs on two endless tracks (chain wheel system)
▪ Used in hilly areas where risks of sliding of machinery
▪ Has low ground pressure because of spreading of
load on large area
▪ Also used where soil support is weak
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7. WHEELED EXCAVATOR
▪ Runs on wheels
▪ Used for excavation and loading of dump trucks and most of the time it
is only used for plain ground
▪ Not suitable for hilly areas due to low grip value
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8. USES OF EXCAVATORS
▪ Digging of trenches, holes and foundations
▪ Material handling
▪ Forestry work
▪ Demolition
▪ General grading/landscaping
▪ Heavy lift, e.g. lifting and placing of pipes
▪ Mining
▪ River dredging
▪ Driving piles, in conjunction with a Pile Driver
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9. ATTACHMENTS IN EXCAVATORS
BACK HOE BUCKET
LOADER BUCKET
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10. MULTI GRAPPLE
BOTTOM DUMP BUCKET
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11. SCISSORS
ROCK DRILLS
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12. TYPES OF EXCAVATORS
▪ COMPACT EXCAVATOR
▪ BACKHOE LOADER
▪ DRAGLINE EXCAVATOR
▪ BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR
▪ LONG REACH EXCAVATOR
▪ POWER SHOVEL
▪ SUCTION EXCAVATOR
▪ CLAMSHELL EXCAVATOR
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13. COMPACT EXCAVATOR
▪ compact or mini excavator is tracked or wheeled vehicle
▪ operating weight from 0.7 to 7.5 tons
▪ generally includes a standard backfill blade and features independent
boom swing
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14. ADVENTAGES
▪ Better maneuverability
▪ Lower fuel expenses
▪ Lighter footprint
▪ Less noise
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16. BACKHOE LOADER
▪ Also called a loader backhoe
▪ Heavy equipment vehicle that consists of tractor fitted
with a shovel/bucket on the front and a small backhoe on the back
▪ Very common in urban engineering and small construction projects
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19. DRAGLINE EXCAVATOR
▪ heavy equipment used in civil engineering and surface mining
▪ smaller types are used for road and port construction
▪ larger types are used in strip mining operations
▪ dragline bucket system consists of a large bucket which is suspended from a
boom (a large truss-like structure) with wire ropes
▪ bucket is maneuvered by means of a number of ropes and chains. The hoist
rope, powered by large diesel or electric motors
▪ Size of Buckets
▪ Light : for handling loose, dry soil, sand & gravel
▪ Medium : for handling clays & compacted gravel
▪ Large : for handling hard materials & broken rocks
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22. APPLICATIONS
▪ It is the most suitable machine for dragging softer material and below its
track level
▪ It has long reaches.
▪ It is mostly used in the excavation for canals and depositing on the
embankment without hauling units.
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23. BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR
▪ heavy equipment used in surface mining and civil engineering
▪ primary function of BWE is to act as a continuous digging machine in
large-scale open pit mining operations
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26. LONG REACH EXCAVATOR
▪ development of the excavator with an especially long boom arm
▪ primarily used for demolition
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28. POWER SHOVEL
▪ Long-lasting and useful class of earth moving equipment
▪ Capable of excavating all types of earth except hard rock
▪ Size of power shovel varies from 0.375-1.05m3
▪ It may be crawler mounted or wheel mounted shovels
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31. APPLICATIONS
 Suitable for close range work
 Capable of digging very hard materials & remove big boulders
 Used in digging in gravel banks , clay pits , digging cuts in road works ,
road-side berms etc.
 Types of shovel bucket
 Front dump
 Bottom dump
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32. SUCTION EXCAVATOR
▪ Also known as a vacuum excavator
▪ Removes earth from a hole on land or removes heavy debris on land
▪ The end of the tube may be toothed helps to cut earth when used for
excavating
▪ Air lance water jet is used to loosen the earth before sucking it out
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34. CLAMSHELL EXCAVATOR
▪ This is so named due to resemblance of its bucket to a clam which is like
a shell-fish with hinged double shell.
▪ The front end is essentially a crane boom with a specially designed
bucket loosely attached at the end through cables as in a drag line.
▪ The capacity of a clam shell bucket is usually given in cubic meters.
▪ The basic parts of clam shell bucket are the closing line, hoist line,
sheaves, brackets, tagline, shell and hinge.
▪ Types of bucket
▪ Light bucket : for handling loose materials
▪ Heavy bucket : digging purpose
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36. APPLICATION
• Digging & dumping in vertical plane
• Digging trenches
• Dredging purpose
• Where accurate dumping required
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