Fifth Grade Earth Science

1. December 2014
Earth Science

2. Table of Contents
1. Layers of the Earth
2. Rock and Rock Cycle
3. Minerals and examples
4. test and Moh’s Scale of Hardness
5. igneous rock
6. sedimentary rock
7. metamorphic rock
8. properties of soil
9. weathering
10. erosion and deposition
11. volcanoes
12. earthquakes
13. landslides and floods
14. bibliography

3. Layers of the Earth
● The crust is about 4,000 miles away from the
Earths core, its the layer of the Earth we live on
and is made up of rocks, minerals, and soil.
● The next layer of the Earth is the mantle it is about
1,800 miles thick and has three layers 1. solid rock
2. molten rock 3. solid rock.
● The next layer is the outer core it is 3,000 below
Earth's surface and is made up of boiling hot lava
and is magnetic.
● The inner core is up to 13,000 degrees fahrenheit
but has so much pressure the rock can not melt.

4. Rocks and Rock Cycle
● the rock cycle is when rock changes
from one rock to another
● heat and pressure melts and
reforms rocks into three different
types metamorphic,sedimentary,
and igneous rocks over and over
● the rock cycle is also much like the
water cycle

5. Moh’s Scale of Hardness
● Moh’s scale of hardness
measures the hardness of
rocks
● it is a test of rocks
properties
● this test compares
resistance between minerals

6. Minerals and Examples
● igneous-obsidian
● sedimentary-limestone
● metamorphic-hornfels

7. Igneous Rock
● igneous rocks are made of
magma or lava
● they are formed when lava or
magma cools off and hardens
● an igneous formed inside by
magma is called an intrusive
igneous rock
● an igneous rock formed by lava
outside of the Earth is called an
extrusive igneous rock

8. Sedimentary Rocks
● sedimentary rocks form
slowly, it takes years
● they're made of small pieces of
other rocks, shells and bones
these bits are called sediment
● sediment is found at the
bottom of bodies water
● they take many years to form

9. Metamorphic Rocks
● metamorphic rocks formed
by heat and pressure
● they form in the Earth
● the heat and pressure
causes a physical or
chemical change

10. Properties of Soil
● almost ALL Earth is covered
in soil
● it can be inches or even
miles
● there are three “ingredients”
in soil: clay, sand and silt
● clay: soft soil, sand: ruff soil,
silt: medium soil

11. Weathering
● weathering breaks down
rocks
● it turns rocks into sediments
● it does so by rain, rivers,
wind, ice, heat and cold

12. Erosion and deposition
● erosion moves sediments
● this includes rocks falling, rivers
and people
● deposition is the depositing of
sediments
● it usually forms a triangular-shaped
pile of sediments at the end of a
river

13. Volcanoes
● volcanoes turn magma into
lava
● they turn lava into igneous
rocks
● they do this by erupting
molten rock
● when the erupt molten rock
it cools into igneous rocks

14. Earthquakes
● earthquakes rumble and
shakes
● it only happens in area at a
time
● the are measured Richter
Magnitude Scale thought up
by Charles F. Richter

15. Landslides and Floods
● landslides are when rocks and sediments slide
down a mountain or cliff
● they can cause a lot or a little amount of
damage
● floods are when there is an excessive amount
of water somewhere
● it is caused by too much rain, overflowing
rivers, and even melting snow

16. Bibliography
● StudyJams
● Geology for kids
● Rocks for kids
● Geography4
● Rock hound kids
● weatherwizkids