Injustice - Developers Among Us (SciFiDevCon 2024)
Earth quake
1. 31/07/55
D3
What is Earthquake?
An earthquake is the
sudden, rapid shaking or
rolling of the Earth.
Group 8 Earthquakes happen
when rocks break or slip
along fault lines in the
Earth’s crust, releasing
energy that causes the
ground to move.
Department of water resource engineering Faculty of engineering Kasetsart university
Earth Large plates include.
• The Africa: the continent of Africa as a continent.
• Antarctic Plate, covering Antarctica is a continent.
• Australian Plate, covering Australia (To pages linked to
India, about 50-55 million years ago) was the continents.
• Eurasian plate, covering Asia and Europe as a continent.
• North American plate, covering North America and
northeastern Siberia, is inserted continent.
• South American plate, a sheet covering North America.
• The Pacific: the Pacific Ocean. As the ocean.
• There are also smaller than the plate, including the
Indian, the S series, the Caribbean, in the Juan de Fu, in
a nice car, the Philippines and the Scotia.
plates
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Thailand
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แผ่นดินไหวในภูมิภาคเอเซียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้
http://www.iris.edu/hq/programs/gsn/maps
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What Causes Earthquake WHAT IS A FAULT?
Earthquakes occur on faults.
A fault is a thin zone of crushed rock
between two blocks of rock , and
can be any length, from centimeters
to thousands of kilometers. When
an earthquake occurs on one of
http://www.il.mahidol.ac.th/e-media/earth-
these faults, the rock on one side of
science/chapter1_3.html the fault slips with respect to the
The sudden slip at the fault causes other. The fault surface can be
the earthquake a violent shaking of the vertical, horizontal, or at some
angle to the surface of the earth.
Earth when large elastic strain energy
The slip direction can also be at any
released spreads out through seismic angle. We classify these into two
waves that travel through the body and basic cases: strike slip and dip-slip
along the surface of the Earth. motion.
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TSUNAMIS
GENERATED
BY
EARTHQUAKES
Large EQ (>7.5)
Shallow EQ – at or near
the seafloor (< 50 km)
Subduction zones
Sudden displacement
moves overlying column
of water generating wave
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Measuring the shaking
Magnitude is a measurement of the energy
produced by the earthquake and is not what you feel
during the event. What you feel is very complex-- hard
or gentle, long or short, jerky or rolling--and not
describable with one number.
ht t p: / / geophys i s . s c. m ahi ol ac. t h/ w dpr es s / w
c d . or p-
cont ent / upl ads / % B8% B% E0 % % % 0% B8 % % % % 3% E0% B9 % % % 8% AB % % % 9% 0% B9 % % % 8% 7% E0% B8 % % % 8% B8 % % % 9% 0% B8 % % % 9% 8C % % % % 0% B8% A5 % % % B2% E0 % % % % 9% 81 % % % C% 0% B9 % % % % 9% 0% B8 % % % % B4% E0 % % % % 9% 84 % % % B% E0% B8 % pdf
o E0% A B8 B2 E 95 E0 B8 B 81 E0 B E0 B8 9 E 88 E0 B 8 A8 E0 B E0 B8 9 E A2 E0 B E0 B8 81 E E0 B8 B8 87 E0 B E0 B8 9 E 88 E0 B8 9 E 94 E0 B8 B8 99 E0 B E0 B8 A A7.
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Aspects of the motion are described by the
peak velocity (how fast the ground is moving),
peak acceleration (how quickly the speed of the
ground is changing), the frequency (energy is
released in waves and these waves vibrate at
different frequencies just like sound waves), and
the duration (how long the strong shaking lasts).
Three factors primarily determine what you feel in
an earthquake. These are:
1) magnitude
2) distance from the fault
3) local soil conditions
MAGNITUDE
When scientists refer to a “Great“
earthquake, they do not mean the
earthquake was fabulous, they mean it was
huge. Informally, earthquakes are classified
according to their magnitude
size: under 5 small
5 - 6 moderate 6 - 7 large
7 - 7.8 major 7.8 or above great
Intensity How the Ground Shakes?
Intensity is a qualitative measure of the actual
shaking at a location during an earthquake, and is Seismic Waves
assigned as Roman Capital Numerals. There are Large strain energy released during an
many intensity scales. Two commonly used ones are
earthquake travels as seismic waves in all
the Modified Marcella Intensity (MMI) Scale and the
MSK
directions through the Earth’s layers, reflecting
Scale. Both scales are quite similar and range and refracting at each interface. These waves
from I- (least perceptive) to XII- (most severe). The are of two types -body waves and surface
intensity scales are waves; the latter are restricted to near the
based on three features of shaking. Earth’s surface Body waves consist of Primary
• perception by people and animals,
Waves (P-waves)
• performance of buildings, and
• changes to natural surroundings. and Secondary Waves (S-waves), and surface
waves consist of Love waves and Rayleigh
waves.
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Seismic Waves Equation Primary wave equation
Primary wave equation
Secondary wave equation
Primary wave equation Secondary wave equation
Secondary wave equation Focal Pont
The point on the fault where slip starts is
the Focus or Hypocenter, and the point
vertically above this on the surface of the
Earth is the Epicenter. The depth of focus from
the epicenter, called as Focal Depth, is an
important parameter in determining the
damaging
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13. Slide 37
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Windows User, 25/7/2555
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Windows User, 25/7/2555
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What are the Seismic effects on
structures?
How Building Twist during the Earthquake?
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Hazard Vulnerability in Gujarat
100% of land vulnerable to Earthquakes
11 % of Land liable to severe earthquake( Intensity
MSK VIIXmore)-Kachchh Area
9 % of Land liable to severe earthquake(Intensity
MSK V-VIII)Banaskantha, jam nagar,Surendranagar
79.2 % of Land liable to severe earthquake( Intensity
MSK III-VI)
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The formula to calculate earthquakes. Design Code
Standards used to design buildings to resist V = Z I K C S Wd V = a Wt
earthquakes (Design Code) is an American UBC Code
(Uniform Building Code), which are many ways to
calculate earthquakes. But how convenient and V= Total base shear
Z = Seismic zoning factor
widely used in building work is to Lateral Load I = Occupancy important factor (1.0 - 1.5)
Analysis or Base Shear Analysis by converting seismic K = Frame factor
C = Coefficient that depends on the period
(Dynamic Load) in the form of shear forces acting at (Period), the swing of the building.
the base of the building Static Load, which can be S = Soil factor (1.0 - 1.5)
obtained from formula Wd = Total dead loads of structure
WT = Total dead loads and live loads of
structure
a = Base shear coefficient
http://microfeap.com/DrSomporn/Engineer/Eng003doc_Earthquake.htm
เหตุการณ์แผ่นดินไหวที่มีผลกระทบต่อประเทศไทย
The earthquake วัน เดื อน ปี ศูนย์กลาง/ ขนาด/
ตาแหน่งที่ รู้สึก
บันทึ กเหตุ การณ์
ความรุ นแรง
624 ปี กอน ค.ศ.
่ โยนก VI MM ยามรุ งแจ้ง แผ่นดิ นไหว ฟ้ าร้อง
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623 ปี กอน ค.ศ.
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589 ปี กอน ค.ศ. ่ โยนก VI MM ยามเช้า แผ่นดิ นไหว ฟ้ าร้อง
ขึ้ น 14 ค่ า เดื อน 8
พ.ศ. 1003 โยนก XII MM แผ่นดิ นไหวสนั่นหวันไหว ครั้งหนึ่ งก็หายไป
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แรม 7 ค่ า กลางคื น หนองน้ าใหญ่
พ.ศ. 1077 โยนก VIII MM ยามเช้า แผ่นดิ นไหว ยอดเจดี ยหัก 4 แห่ง
์
ขึ้ น 8 ค่ า เดื อน 7
พ.ศ. 1905 สุโขทัย VI MM แผ่นดิ นไหว มีเสียงดัง
แรม 8 ค่ า เดื อน 12
พ.ศ. 1909 สุโขทัย V MM แผ่นดิ นไหวทั่วทุ กทิ ศ
แรม 8 ค่ า เดื อน 11
http://www.seismology.tmd.go.th/earthquakestat.php
power fault or Active Fault current is as follows. power fault or Active Fault current is as follows.
Chang san fault. The length of the Mae Tha fault. Is curved along the Mae Wang
channel, about 130 kilometers from Mae River. And the river in Mae Tha, Chiang Mai and
Chan to the east. The Mae Chan. It cuts Lamphun. The total length is about 55 kilometers of
across the south of the district County to the intensive studies in the year 2521, there were several
east along the north side of Chiang Khong small earthquakes.
Navy ships.
Mae Chan fault length of about 130 km
from the years 2521 and> 3 on the Richter
scale occurred along the fault is 10 times / 3
times the size of> 4.5 on the Richter scale was
only on September 1, 2521 are> 4.9 on the
Richter scale. http://blog.eduzones.com/anisada/80016
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19. Slide 55
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Windows User, 25/7/2555
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Windows User, 25/7/2555
20. 31/07/55
Statistics of earthquakes felt in the country
since 2550 - present.( in Thailand )
12 Sep 2550 in South Sumatra and 8.4 on the
Richter scale was felt on the high-rise building in
Bangkok.
13 Sep 2550 the area south of the Sumatra quake
of 7.1 on the Richter scale was felt in some of the
buildings.
12 May 2551 in Sichuan province of China, and
7.8 on the Richter scale shaking the feel of the tallest
building in Bangkok. And China has killed about 20,000
people.
30 Sep 2552 in the middle of the island of Sumatra
was 7.9 on the Richter scale was the tallest building in
Bangkok. Indonesia has killed about 1,000 people.
Statistics of earthquakes Statistics of earthquakes
(world Record) (world Record)
9.5 Richter scale earthquake on 5 May 1960 9.1 Richter scale earthquake that we all
on the southern coast of Chile. As a result, remember well. I was born on 26 Dec 2004 at
more than 1,600 people have died and 2 sea in Indonesia. As a result, the tsunami is
million homeless. widespread in many coastal countries in the
Indian Ocean. More than 220,000 people lost
9.2 Richter scale earthquake on 27 Mar their lives.
1964 Alaska to the United States, the tsunami 9.0 Richter scale earthquake on 4 Nov 1952
claimed 128 lives and destroyed "in the neck, at the Russian coast of the peninsula to the
Anchorage" (Anchorage), the largest city in Income Support values (Kamchatka) Russia's Far
the state. East. As a result, a large tsunami in the Pacific
Rim. However, no reports of damage.
Statistics of earthquakes Statistics of earthquakes
(world Record) (world Record)
9.0 Richter scale earthquake on 13 Aug 1868 8.9 Richter scale earthquake that occurred
in North America, the port area. We are part of just recently on 11 Mar 2011 earthquake under
Peru. But as of Chillicothe. When an earthquake the sea to the southeast coast of Japan. Result in
occurs. Feel the vibration as far as 1,400 miles. a 10-meter high tsunami swept into the flood. The
9.0 Richter scale earthquake on 26 Jan 1700 damage is being reported to the periodic
in North America. Along the west coast. Tsunami 8.8 Richter scale earthquake on 27 Feb 2010
across the Pacific. Destruction of villages along at the coast of Chile. Earthquakes along the
the coast of Japan. beach to play in the U (Maule) away from the
capital Santiago, only 500 km in the tsunami that
has killed about 500.
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Statistics of earthquakes
(world Record)
8.8 Richter scale earthquake on 31 Jan 1906
in Ecuador, shaking the central coast of South
America to Ecuador and Colombia. I feel
almost as far as the North American continent
at San Francisco.
8.7 Richter scale earthquake on 4 Feb 1965
at Ballarat Island (Rat Islands) miles away from
Alaska. The tsunami wave height of 10 meters.
http://www.udon108.com/board/index.php?topic=79326.0
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