UPM Note

1. Prepared by:
Assoc. Prof. Dr Bahaman Abu Samah
Department of Professional Development and Continuing Education
Faculty of Educational Studies
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Serdang

2. Students should be able to:
1. Identify computer development by year
2. Understand five (5) computer
generations

3. First Generation Computer
≡ First electronic digital computer
≡ Atanasoff-Berry-Computer (ABC)

4. ≡ Neumann introduced stored program concepts
≡ Memory can store data and program

5. ≡ Mauchly and Eckert invented a big size electronic
computer
≡ The computer is called ENIAC

6. ≡ Shockley, Bardeen and Brattain invented transistor
≡ Transistor was more reliable than vacuum tube

7. ≡ Remington Rand produced the first commercial
electronic digital computer
≡ The computer is called UNIVAC I

8. ≡ IBM produced computer system – IBM model 650
≡ IBM dominated mainframe computer

9. ≡ John Backus introduced computer program FORTRAN
≡ IBM 305 introduced magnetic disk for storage

10. ≡ Jack Kilby (Texas Instruments) invented integrated
circuit
≡ Second generation computer – using transistors
Second Generation Computer

11. ≡ Grace Hopper introduced programming language
COBOL

12. ≡ Number of computer reached 18,000 units
≡ Third generation computer – using chips
Third Generation Computer

13. ≡ John Kemeny introduced programming language BASIC
≡ Digital Equipment Corporation introduced mini computers

14. ≡ Alan Shugart (IBM) introduced 8” floppy disk
≡ Edsger Dijsktra introduced structured programming
concept

15. ≡ IBM tidak lagi menjual gabungan hardware+software –
membolehkan firma perisian muncul dalam industri
≡ ARPANET ditubuhkan

16. ≡ Komputer Generasi IV menggunakan cip LSI (Large-
scale integration)
≡ Cip LSI mengandungi sehingga 15,000 ciruits
Fourth Generation Computer

17. ≡ Ted Hoff (Intel) membangunkan microprocessor –
Intel 4004

18. ≡ Local Area Network (LAN) pertama telah
dibangunkan di Xerox PARC oleh Robert Metcalf

19. ≡ Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak menghasilkan
komputer Apple

20. ≡ Microsoft menghasilkan MS–DOS
≡ Alan Shugart memperkenalkan cakera liat (hard
drive)

21. ≡ IBM PC mula dihasilkan
≡ IBM PC berkembang dengan begitu pesat

22. ≡ Bilangan komputer dijual sebanyak 3,275,000 unit
≡ Hayes memperkenalkan modem 300 bps

23. ≡ Lotus Development Corporation ditubuhkan
≡ Mengeluarkan Lotus 1-2-3

24. ≡ IBM memperkenalkan PC AT menggunakan
mikroprosesor Intel 80286
≡ HP memperkenalkan pencetak LaserJet

25. ≡ Apple mengeluarkan komputer Macintoch
≡ Macintoch menggunakan antaramuka grafik

26. ≡ PC mengunakan mikroprosesor Intel 80386

27. ≡ Microsoft mengatasi Lotus sebagai pengeluar
perisian

28. ≡ Intel 486 merupakan mikroprosesor transistor pertama
≡ Mengandungi 1.2 juta transistor dan melaksanakan 15
juta arahan sesaat

29. ≡ Microsoft mengeluarkan Windows 3.1

30. ≡ Komputer berasaskan mikroprosesor Pentium dikeluarkan
≡ Pentium mengandungi 3.1 juga transistor dan mampu
melaksanakan 112 juta arahan sesaat

31. ≡ Marc Andreessen menghasilkan pelayar Mosaic
≡ Penubuhan Netscape Communications Corporation

32. ≡ Pelancaran pelayar Netscape 1.0
≡ Linus Torvalds menghasilkan sistem peng operasian
Linux

33. ≡ Sun Microsystems melancarkan Java, bahasa
program berasaskan objek

34. ≡ U.S. Robotics memperkenalkan PalmPilot
≡ Webtv menggabungkan tv dan internet

35. ≡ Microsoft melancarkan Windows NT 4.0

36. ≡ Deep Blue (Supercomputer IBM) mengalahkan
jaguh chess, Gary Kasparov
≡ 50 juta mengguna internet dan WWW

37. ≡ Microsoft melancarkan Internet Explorer 4.0

38. ≡ Intel mengeluarkan Pentium II – 7.5 juta transistor

39. ≡ 10 juta terlibat dalam telecommuting
≡ Perkembangan e-dagang

40. ≡ Microsoft melancarkan Windows 98

41. ≡ Intel menggeluarkan Pentium III

42. ≡ Microsoft memperkenalkan Office 2000

43. ≡ Trafik internet berkembang 2X ganda setiap 100 hari

44. ≡ Microsoft mengeluarkan Windows 2000 dan
Windows ME
≡ Intel memperkenalkan Pentium 4

45. ≡ Microsoft mengeluarkan Windows XP dan Office XP

46. ≡ Intel menghasilkan Pentium 4 menggunakan
prosesor .13 micron; boleh mencapai kelajuan 20
GHz

47. ≡ Perkembangan kamera video digital

48. ≡ Tablet PC diperkenalkan semula

49. ≡ Komputer dan peranti wireless berkembang

50. ≡ Microsoft memperkenalkan Office 2003

51. ► First generation
► Second generation
► Third generation
► Fourth generation
► Fifth generation
Computer Generation

52. − The earliest computers, developed in the
1940s and 1950s
− Made from valves and wire circuits
First Generation
ENIAC Computer
Atanasof-Berry Computer

53. − From the late 1950s to the early 1960s
− Based on transistors and printed circuits
Second Generation

54. − From the early 1960s to 1970
− Using integrated circuits and often sold as
families of computers, such as the IBM 360
series
Third Generation
ERMA - Electronic
Recording Method of
Accounting computer
processing system. ERMA
began as a project for the
Bank of America in an effort
to computerize the banking
industry.

55. Fourth Generation
− From the 1970s and still in use
− Using microprocessor

56. − Based on emerging microelectronic
technologies with high computing speeds
and parallel processing
− The development of very large-scale integration
(VLSI) technology, enables many more circuits
onto an integrated circuit (chip); produce far
more powerful computers
− currently under development
Fifth Generation