International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF SAFETY CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILESIJCSEA Journal
Â
In light of the recent humongous growth of the human population worldwide, there has also been a voluminous and uncontrolled growth of vehicles, which has consequently increased the number of road accidents to a large extent. In lieu of a solution to the above mentioned issue, our system is an attempt to mitigate the same using synchronous programming language. The aim is to develop a safety crash warning system that will address the rear end crashes and also take over the controlling of the vehicle when the threat is at a very high level. Adapting according to the environmental conditions is also a prominent feature of the system. Safety System provides warnings to drivers to assist in avoiding rear-end crashes with other vehicles. Initially the system provides a low level alarm and as the severity of the threat increases the level of warnings or alerts also rises. At the highest level of threat, the system enters in a Cruise Control Mode, wherein the system controls the speed of the vehicle by controlling the engine throttle and if permitted, the brake system of the vehicle. We focus on this crash area as it has a very high percentage of the crash-related fatalities. To prove the feasibility, robustness and reliability of the system, we have also proved some of the properties of the system using temporal logic along with a reference implementation in ESTEREL. To bolster the same, we have formally verified various properties of the system along with their proofs.
Embedded Technology for vehicle cabin safety Monitoring and Alerting SystemIJCSEA Journal
Â
Motor vehicles are the prime source of transportation where vehicles with A/C play a major part. This paper designs an embedded system for a vehicle cabin, which senses the gases like carbon-monoxide and oxygen and displayed at each and every second. If the level of the CO increases than the normal level (30ppm) or the level of the oxygen decreases than the normal level (19%) then an alarm is generated automatically and also ventilation is provided immediately. A warning message is sent to the authorized user via GSM. The advantage of this system is proper detection and faster response time leading to faster diffusion of the situation, compared with the manual methods.
AN UNIQUE SECURE AUTHENTICATION MECHANISM FOR CONTROL OF VEHICLE USING SMARTP...AM Publications
Â
Vehicle security and keeping pace of advancement in car features with technology have been major concern in automobile industries. Now-a-days vehicles are Controlled and Accessed through smartphones and Electronic Control Unit in the vehicle is made over Bluetooth connection. Unfortunately, this creates a non-negligible attack surface, which extends when vehicles are partly operated via smartphones. In this letter, we provide an encryption technique which includes sender’s finger vein authentication in addition to the sender device authentication on the receiving side.
DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF SAFETY CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILESIJCSEA Journal
Â
In light of the recent humongous growth of the human population worldwide, there has also been a voluminous and uncontrolled growth of vehicles, which has consequently increased the number of road accidents to a large extent. In lieu of a solution to the above mentioned issue, our system is an attempt to mitigate the same using synchronous programming language. The aim is to develop a safety crash warning system that will address the rear end crashes and also take over the controlling of the vehicle when the threat is at a very high level. Adapting according to the environmental conditions is also a prominent feature of the system. Safety System provides warnings to drivers to assist in avoiding rear-end crashes with other vehicles. Initially the system provides a low level alarm and as the severity of the threat increases the level of warnings or alerts also rises. At the highest level of threat, the system enters in a Cruise Control Mode, wherein the system controls the speed of the vehicle by controlling the engine throttle and if permitted, the brake system of the vehicle. We focus on this crash area as it has a very high percentage of the crash-related fatalities. To prove the feasibility, robustness and reliability of the system, we have also proved some of the properties of the system using temporal logic along with a reference implementation in ESTEREL. To bolster the same, we have formally verified various properties of the system along with their proofs.
Embedded Technology for vehicle cabin safety Monitoring and Alerting SystemIJCSEA Journal
Â
Motor vehicles are the prime source of transportation where vehicles with A/C play a major part. This paper designs an embedded system for a vehicle cabin, which senses the gases like carbon-monoxide and oxygen and displayed at each and every second. If the level of the CO increases than the normal level (30ppm) or the level of the oxygen decreases than the normal level (19%) then an alarm is generated automatically and also ventilation is provided immediately. A warning message is sent to the authorized user via GSM. The advantage of this system is proper detection and faster response time leading to faster diffusion of the situation, compared with the manual methods.
AN UNIQUE SECURE AUTHENTICATION MECHANISM FOR CONTROL OF VEHICLE USING SMARTP...AM Publications
Â
Vehicle security and keeping pace of advancement in car features with technology have been major concern in automobile industries. Now-a-days vehicles are Controlled and Accessed through smartphones and Electronic Control Unit in the vehicle is made over Bluetooth connection. Unfortunately, this creates a non-negligible attack surface, which extends when vehicles are partly operated via smartphones. In this letter, we provide an encryption technique which includes sender’s finger vein authentication in addition to the sender device authentication on the receiving side.
Modern vehicles are increasingly being interconnected with computer systems, which collect information both from vehicular sources and Internet services. Unfortunately, this creates a no negligible attack surface, which extends when vehicles are partly operated via smart phones. In this letter, a hierarchically distributed control system architecture which integrates a Smartphone with classical embedded systems is presented, and an ad-hoc, end-to-end security layer is designed to demonstrate how a Smartphone can interact securely with a modern vehicle without requiring modifications to the existing in-vehicle network. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
ESTEREL IMPLEMENTATION AND VALIDATION OF CRUISE CONTROLLERcscpconf
Â
Recently there has been mammoth growth in the world population which has also contributed to
the voluminous growth of vehicles. As a consequence of this, the numbers of accidents on roads
have also increased to a large extent. Our system is an attempt to mitigate the same using
synchronous programming language. The aim is to develop a safety crash warning system that
will address the rear end crashes and also take over the controlling of the vehicle when the
threat is at a very high level. Adapting according to the environmental conditions is also a
prominent feature of the system. Safety System provides warnings to drivers to assist in avoiding
rear-end crashes with other vehicles. Initially the system provides a low level alarm and as the
severity of the threat increases the level of warnings or alerts also rises. At the highest level of
threat, the system enters in a Cruise Control Mode, wherein the system controls the speed of the
vehicle by controlling the engine throttle and if permitted, the brake system of the vehicle. We
focus on this crash area as it has a very high percentage of the crash-related fatalities. A
reference implementation of the safety algorithm in ESTEREL is proposed, which is also
formally verified along with the proofs of various properties that the system obeys
Proposed Algorithm for Surveillance ApplicationsEditor IJCATR
Â
Technological systems are vulnerable to faults. In many fault situations, the system operation has to be stopped to avoid
damage to machinery and humans. As a consequence, the detection and the handling of faults play an increasing role in modern
technology, where many highly automated components interact in a complex way such that a fault in a single component may cause
the malfunction of the whole system. This work introduces the main ideas of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control under the optics
of various research work done in this area. It presents the Arduino technology in both hardware and software sides. The purpose of this
paper is to propose a diagnostic algorithm based on this technology. A case study is proposed for this setting. Moreover, we explained
and discussed the result of our algorithm.
An Intelligent Approach To Braking System Using Artificial Neural NetworkRavina Dadhich
Â
My presentation is all about increasing vehicle's class by adopting an intelligent approach to braking system using Artificial Neural Network.This approach will give high customer satisfaction and even reduces the chances of accidents. Ultimate driving experience can be felt out if your automobile is fitted with this braking technology.
with the help of intelligent braking system we can reduce the chances of accident and save human life. this system is based on STM32F3 micro-controller board,LPC-1768 board and Ultra-sonic sensor etc.
Design and Implementation of Car Black box for Evidence Collection System to ...IJMTST Journal
Â
The vehicle accident is a major public problem in many countries. It is occurred due to rider's poor
behaviors, Vehicle bad condition, bad weather situation and opposite vehicle mistakes. To predict those
situations block box concept is introduced. The concept of the Car Black Box is similar to the Flight block box
concept, which is stores the vehicle condition such as engine temperature, speed, CO2 content, it also checks
the car present condition before ignition the vehicle, brake condition, seat belt and also introduce the
automatic speed controller to avoids crashing between the vehicles. It is a low cost system which provides
solution to the existing automotive control systems. And it also monitors the vehicle current condition on
Display of LCD. The design selects ARM 7 as embedded controller, UART ( Universal Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter) is the common peripheral found on microcontrollers widely used for communication with the
external devices and systems, I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) for on-board communication.
Driving without license is the major cause for the road accident and the equivalent monetary losses. This paper is based on virtual reality based driving system which would enhance road safety and vehicle security. This paper helps to limit the vehicle operation on the basics of two parameters-Learn the driving by our own, category (car or bike) of the vehicle for which the driving license is issued. The hardware and software system required to improve our safety and security is developed. This driving system is apt for getting the license without bribe by gathering eye-gaze, Electroencephalography and peripheral physiological data.
Modern vehicles are increasingly being interconnected with computer systems, which collect information both from vehicular sources and Internet services. Unfortunately, this creates a no negligible attack surface, which extends when vehicles are partly operated via smart phones. In this letter, a hierarchically distributed control system architecture which integrates a Smartphone with classical embedded systems is presented, and an ad-hoc, end-to-end security layer is designed to demonstrate how a Smartphone can interact securely with a modern vehicle without requiring modifications to the existing in-vehicle network. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
ESTEREL IMPLEMENTATION AND VALIDATION OF CRUISE CONTROLLERcscpconf
Â
Recently there has been mammoth growth in the world population which has also contributed to
the voluminous growth of vehicles. As a consequence of this, the numbers of accidents on roads
have also increased to a large extent. Our system is an attempt to mitigate the same using
synchronous programming language. The aim is to develop a safety crash warning system that
will address the rear end crashes and also take over the controlling of the vehicle when the
threat is at a very high level. Adapting according to the environmental conditions is also a
prominent feature of the system. Safety System provides warnings to drivers to assist in avoiding
rear-end crashes with other vehicles. Initially the system provides a low level alarm and as the
severity of the threat increases the level of warnings or alerts also rises. At the highest level of
threat, the system enters in a Cruise Control Mode, wherein the system controls the speed of the
vehicle by controlling the engine throttle and if permitted, the brake system of the vehicle. We
focus on this crash area as it has a very high percentage of the crash-related fatalities. A
reference implementation of the safety algorithm in ESTEREL is proposed, which is also
formally verified along with the proofs of various properties that the system obeys
Proposed Algorithm for Surveillance ApplicationsEditor IJCATR
Â
Technological systems are vulnerable to faults. In many fault situations, the system operation has to be stopped to avoid
damage to machinery and humans. As a consequence, the detection and the handling of faults play an increasing role in modern
technology, where many highly automated components interact in a complex way such that a fault in a single component may cause
the malfunction of the whole system. This work introduces the main ideas of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control under the optics
of various research work done in this area. It presents the Arduino technology in both hardware and software sides. The purpose of this
paper is to propose a diagnostic algorithm based on this technology. A case study is proposed for this setting. Moreover, we explained
and discussed the result of our algorithm.
An Intelligent Approach To Braking System Using Artificial Neural NetworkRavina Dadhich
Â
My presentation is all about increasing vehicle's class by adopting an intelligent approach to braking system using Artificial Neural Network.This approach will give high customer satisfaction and even reduces the chances of accidents. Ultimate driving experience can be felt out if your automobile is fitted with this braking technology.
with the help of intelligent braking system we can reduce the chances of accident and save human life. this system is based on STM32F3 micro-controller board,LPC-1768 board and Ultra-sonic sensor etc.
Design and Implementation of Car Black box for Evidence Collection System to ...IJMTST Journal
Â
The vehicle accident is a major public problem in many countries. It is occurred due to rider's poor
behaviors, Vehicle bad condition, bad weather situation and opposite vehicle mistakes. To predict those
situations block box concept is introduced. The concept of the Car Black Box is similar to the Flight block box
concept, which is stores the vehicle condition such as engine temperature, speed, CO2 content, it also checks
the car present condition before ignition the vehicle, brake condition, seat belt and also introduce the
automatic speed controller to avoids crashing between the vehicles. It is a low cost system which provides
solution to the existing automotive control systems. And it also monitors the vehicle current condition on
Display of LCD. The design selects ARM 7 as embedded controller, UART ( Universal Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter) is the common peripheral found on microcontrollers widely used for communication with the
external devices and systems, I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) for on-board communication.
Driving without license is the major cause for the road accident and the equivalent monetary losses. This paper is based on virtual reality based driving system which would enhance road safety and vehicle security. This paper helps to limit the vehicle operation on the basics of two parameters-Learn the driving by our own, category (car or bike) of the vehicle for which the driving license is issued. The hardware and software system required to improve our safety and security is developed. This driving system is apt for getting the license without bribe by gathering eye-gaze, Electroencephalography and peripheral physiological data.
A new design for fault tolerant and fault recoverable ALU System has been proposed in this paper. Reliability is one of the most critical factors that have to be considered during the designing phase of any IC. In critical applications like Medical equipment & Military applications this reliability factor plays a
very critical role in determining the acceptance of product. Insertion of special modules in the main design for reliability enhancement will give considerable amount of area & power penalty. So, a novel approach to this problem is to find ways for reusing the already available components in digital system in efficient way to implement recoverable methodologies. Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) has traditionally used
for protecting digital logic from the SEUs (single event upset) by triplicating the critical components of the system to give fault tolerance to system. ScTMR- Scan chain-based error recovery TMR technique provides recovery for all internal faults. ScTMR uses a roll-forward approach and employs the scan chain implemented in the circuits for testability purposes to recover the system to fault-free state. The proposed
design will incorporate a ScTMR controller over TMR system of ALU and will make the system fault tolerant and fault recoverable. Hence, proposed design will be more efficient & reliable to use in critical applications, than any other design present till today.
SIMULATION-BASED APPLICATION SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT IN TIME-TRIGGERED COMMUNICA...IJSEA
Â
This paper introduces a simulation-based approach for design and test of application software for timetriggered
communication systems. The approach is based on the SIDERA simulation system that supports
the time-triggered real-time protocols TTP and FlexRay. We present a software development platform for
FlexRay based communication systems that provides an implementation of the AUTOSAR standard
interface for communication between host application and FlexRay communication controllers. For
validation, we present an application example in the course of which SIDERA has been deployed for
development and test of software modules for an automotive project in the field of driving dynamics
control.
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE DESIGN CHALLENGES IN AUTOMOTIVE EMBEDDED SYSTEMVLSICS Design
Â
Modern automotives integrate large amount of electronic devices to improve the driving safety and comfort. This growing number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) with sophisticated software escalates the vehicle system design complexity. In this paper we explain the complexity of ECUs in terms of hardware and software and also we explore the possibility of Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) architecture for the integration of add-on software in ECUs. This reduces the complexity of the embedded system in vehicles and eases the ECU integration by reducing the total number of ECUs in the vehicles.
PLC Based Automatic Bottle Filling and Capping Systemijtsrd
Â
Filling is the task that is carried out by a machine and this process is widely used in many industries that produce such as milk industries, chemical, food, mineral water and many industrial manufactures. The objective of this paper is to design, develop and monitor "Bottle filling and capping with PLC". This work provides with a lot of benefits like low power consumption, low operational cost, less maintenance, accuracy and many more. A prototype has been developed to illustrate the system. In this paper, the filling of the bottle is controlled by using a controller known as Programmable Logic Controller PLC which is also the heart of the entire system. For the conveyor system, a DC motor has been selected for better performance and ease of operation. Proximity sensors have been used to detect the position of the bottle. Ladder logic has been used for the programming of the PLC, which is the most widely used and accepted language for the programming of the PLC. Zar Kyi Win | Tin Tin Nwe "PLC Based Automatic Bottle Filling and Capping System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28114.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/28114/plc-based-automatic-bottle-filling-and-capping-system/zar-kyi-win
Speed Synchronization of Multiple Bldcmotors In Textile &Paper Mills Using Mi...IJERA Editor
Â
Multiple motor setup has vast application in industries. The application can be in textile mills, paper mills and robotics. In these all application the synchronization is must between the motors to perform certain task. Speed synchronization is very essential in these all operation to avoid damage to the product. The synchronization is done by using microcontroller chip which controls the master slave whose speed is followed by the other motors which all have to be synchronized.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
Â
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Â
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Â
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Â
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Â
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
Â
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Â
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
Â
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Â
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
Â
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Â
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Empowering NextGen Mobility via Large Action Model Infrastructure (LAMI): pav...
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E04702056061
1. ISSN (e): 2250 – 3005 || Vol, 04 || Issue, 7 || July – 2014 ||
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER)
www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 56
Liquor Detection through Automatic Motor Locking System: In
Built (LDAMLS)
Phani Sridhar.A1,
Samuel Susan.V2,
G. Kalyan Chakravathi3
, Ravi Teja.G4
1. Assistant professor, Department of CSE, S.V.P.Engineering College, Affiliated to Andhra
University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh ,India.
2. Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, S.V.P.Engineering College, Affiliated to Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
3. Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, S.V.P.Engineering College, Affiliated to Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
4. Student Associate, Department of CSE, S.V.P.Engineering College, Affiliated to Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
I. INTRODUCTION
Now-a-days we hear about lot of accidents due to drunken driving. Drunken drivers will not be in
stable condition and so the rash driving is the inconvenience for other road users and also question of life and
death for the drunken drivers, also for others. In this project, we are developing an Auto Lock System. The input
for the system is from Detection Sensors either from Alcohol Breath or any other mechanism. The controller
keeps looking for the output from these sensors. If there are any traces of Alcohol above the set limit, then the
system will lock the Engine. Here a simulating process is activated using a DC motor through the relay and the
complete process is under the supervision of an intelligent AT89c51 microcontroller.
Even though efficient set up of requirements have been adopted for the traditional methods it may not
be sufficient and that much protective for such a complex method, whereas here in this process this could be a
better idea of inserting the complete state of art design into the system. Most of the traditional systems are likely
to be more dependent on the operator and it may fail due to various factors like the battery life, power
consumption as well as the unavoidable external disturbances.
II. PROBLEM FORMULATION
In this paper a concept of conventional method instead of breath analyzers in which traffic accidents due to
drunken state of drivers could be reduced. This is implemented by the use of a simple alcohol sensor but with an
interruption of alcoholic breath. Here the possibility of detection could be only when the person enters the
vehicle and starts the engine. Also the delay in response is also characterized by turbulent flow of timing pulses
through the various special function registers in the microcontroller.
1. Literature Survey
The applications which are developed in terms of some electronic and individual existing components
will be independently executed even though there are some drawbacks and disadvantages for its existing criteria
of requirements. More precisely the extent in these sort of standalone applications were formed together to state
them as Embedded System applications.
Embedded system is a computerized or automated system with a dedicated functionality in which large
electrical, electronic and mechanical systems are inserted along with their constraints of execution.
ABSTRACT
Now a days it has been an accepted fact that major part of the accidents are due to the uneven
interruptions, inappropriate driving by the drivers. It’s a very undesirable situation which is true. So a
system has been proposed to automatically lock the motor of the vehicle with the use of AT89C51, if any
alcoholic person tries to drive the car/bus/any other. Also the potential of device will depend on the
availability of the functional components as well as the capacity of the motor used. This could be
implemented by comparing various factors along with the consumption of energy sources.
KEYWORDS: AT89C51, Energy sources, Interrupt latency, Interrupt, SFR, MQ3.
2. Liquor Detection through Automatic Motor Locking System: In Built (LDAMLS)
www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 57
An application in embedded system acquires specific characteristics of the system which are not
functional. These characteristics are listed as per its importance.
• Throughput – Our system may need to handle a lot of data in a short period of time.
• Response–Our system may need to react to events quickly.
• Testability–Setting up equipment to test embedded software can be difficult.
• Debugability–Without a screen or a keyboard, finding out what the software is doing wrong (other than not
working) is a troublesome problem.
• Reliability – embedded systems must be able to handle any situation without human intervention.
• Memory space – Memory is limited on embedded systems, and you must make the software and the data fit
into whatever memory exists.
• Program installation – you will need special tools to get your software into embedded systems.
• Power consumption – Portable systems must run on battery power, and the software in these systems must
conserve power.
• Processor hogs – computing that requires large amounts of CPU time can complicate the response problem.
• Cost – Reducing the cost of the hardware is a concern in many embedded system projects; software often
operates on hardware that is barely adequate for the job.
An application could be developed in embedded system by observing the life cycle “How a system
runs through specification of the requirements.” Similarly here also the individual prototypes and its bugs are
identified as well as resolved accordingly with the combination of other proto types to make it an complete
system. Also the selection of architecture is a major criteria for achieving the efficiency of a system. Here comes
up with the Embedded software architecture in response to the effective usage of varaibles in a certain
application.
This system is designed with RTOS architecture where an RTS kernel will assure the system calls for
variety of varaibles(see Fig:3.2) which will be followed by the states of a life cycle(see Fig: 3.1).
Fig 3.1: “V” Diagram (Embedded system Design Life Cycle)
Fig 3.2: Embedded system design calls
3. Liquor Detection through Automatic Motor Locking System: In Built (LDAMLS)
www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 58
In breathe analyzers a set point is maintained to measure the consumption of alcohol which is given as
30 mg per 100 ml of blood. If this point has been exceeded then the person is more alcoholic and he/she could
not be allowed to drive the vehicle. But this may not happen all the time to detect these types of people as it will
be dramatic many of the times. But they might be restricted for the entry of vehicles which will be a good
inception.
III. FUNCTIONAL DESIGN
As it is a well known fact that the microcontrollers/microprocessors will play a major role in showing
out the effective results in any of the global embedded systems and at the same time these will lead to the little
inefficient results due to some additional components. This system uses efficient AT89c51 microcontroller that
will operates, monitors and controls the other functional parts of the system. Instead of routine implementation
this will get use of the SFR’s which are intelligent in handling typical issues deliberately. Although there are
many varieties of microcontrollers this is more efficient and well suits the detection system.
The system designed is for the sensing of alcohol using MQ3 alcohol sensor which in turn activates the
rectifier that initiates the relay through which a signal is transmitted in form of a delay. This delay will
activates/deactivates the DC motor. (In general a motor is the basic component in the engine vehicle system).
Fig 4.1: Functional Block Diagram
In the circuitry the connectivity issues have been shown with utmost reliability and negligible errors. A
rectifier along with the relay is given for an input signal from the sensor and it in turn regulates the motor
rotations for a specific amount of time. Other than the critical connectivity issues the programming part as well
as the logical issues were to be resolved in the effective use of the microcontroller we are using for the design of
the detection system. So for this purpose counter/timer circuits, special registers, interrupt handling circuits will
be very prominent.
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Fig 4.2: Circuitry for Alcohol detection system
MQ3 Alcohol Sensor:
The alcohol sensor (MQ3) is efficient among all the other sensors with fast response, high sensitivity,
stable life and also a simple drive circuit. In brief the sensitivity is always improved by the variable load resistor
i.e the sensitivity is proportional to the resistor load.
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The complete software development employs the Keil micro vision IDE which works based on the
various C library functions, embedded software development tools like macro assembler, cross compiler etc.
Mostly keil µVision IDE utilizes the C51 compiler and A51 assembler where the software development
interacts with all these respective parts.
IV. RESULTS
Finally after the design of system the input is identified by the sensor through the breathe of a human.
In the next scenario the levels of alcohol is measured by the sensor and compared with the set-in limits. If the set
limit of consumption in alcohol is less than the alcohol consumed by the person the system of activating relay is
initiated which in turn activities the automatic lock on the vehicle i.e, stops the motor if it is in running state or it
is unable to start.
We can also give a comparative report of study with the variables of considering the internal factors.
RTOS is the part where the comparison is needed in terms of time taken to account with respect to the interrupt
latency and response time. Interrupt latency is the time taken to respond for the interrupt and the response time
is the least amount of time taken to respond for the input given.
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V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
In this paper a realistic social technique has been proposed to eradicate the loss caused due to drunken
drivers. It has also been assured in a more technical way, so as to appreciate the use of RTOS which also gave
the importance in the occurrence of interrupts as well as its execution. This could also be extended to the heavy
vehicles, air bus, navigating vehicles, sense detection machines. These are also extended to bio medical fields,
software development industries.
REFERENCES
[1]. “RTOS Kernel” http://rtos.com.
[2]. www.embedded software architectures.
[3]. “Alcohol Detection Systems http://www.stopdwi.com.
[4]. Intelligent detection systems:“http://scienceredirect.com”
[5]. “Label free fully electronic nucleic acid detection system based on a field-effect transistor device” by F. Uslu ,S. Ingebrandt , D.
Mayer , S. Böcker-Meffert , M. Odenthal, A. Offenhäusser.