This document provides information about the textile dyeing process at a textile plant. It includes details about: - The texturizing process which modifies fibre texture through techniques like bulking, crimping, and coiling. - The plant has 12 texturizing machines from two brands with spindle capacities of 168 and 112. - Other processes discussed include twisting, different dyeing departments for polyester, nylon and carpet, and machine specifications for dyeing, hydro, and pressing machines. - Dyeing cycles and parameters are provided for polyester, nylon, and carpet dyeing using various dye types. - Calculations for package density in yarn dyeing are

1. ( AYM SYNTAX LTD )Palghar Mumbai
Submitted by
Vijay prakash
Textile chemistry
Student council
representative
Training program
Submitted to
Mr. Dheerendra Singh sir

2. Flow chart for dyeing plant

3. Texturising or texturizing is the process by which synthetic fibres are
modified to change their texture - the physical appearance of the
fibreTexturising techniques can include bulking (where thermoplastic fibres
are twisted, heat set and untwisted), crimping and coiling, amongst others.
Process temperature
Primary heater temp ------(165 to 195⁰C)
Secondary heater temp ---- (140 t0 170⁰C)
Cooling rod temp -- ----(65⁰C)
There is 12 m/c out of 3m/c (Himsom) and 9 m/c (ALIDHRA)
Himasom m/c capacity of spindle ---168×2 ( two side)
Alidhra m/c capacity of spindle--- 112×2 (two side) right and left side
TEXTURIZING

4. CONNING
 Antistatic Conning Oils are used for texturing synthetic yarns such as viscose, acetate rayon, nylon and polyester. We
supply oils of different viscosities depending on yarn
 Polyester department
 Conning.A --11 Pcw pricesion cone winding m/c+1m/c koria(millange)
 Conning. B-- 4 P.C.W 1, 32 spindle
 conning D-- 3 P.C.W
 Nylon department
 There are 6m/c (W.S.F)and 2m/c (FADIS) , 29m/c (MURATA) spindle capacity -'24 spindle and one another m/c
whose capacity 12
TWISTING
Twist is the simply spiral arrangement of the fibres around the axis of the yarn through twisting the fibres is bound
together and create a stronger yarn. The number of twist involved to as normally reffered to as turn per inch or turn per
meter.
There is total 38 m/c . Which different branbrandnamar--LOHIA TFO ,ALIDHRA, MURATA .
LOHIA M/C capacity ---240 spindle (120 upper and 120 lower).

5. DYEING DEPARTMENT
There are 3 dyeing department.
1-- Old dyeing (Polyester dyeing)
There are 15 dyeing m/c and 11 hydro m/c ,7 pressing m/c .
2--GERMAN DYEING (Carpet dyeing)
There are 13 dyeing m/c , 2 Rapid drayer (with steam),1 hydro (without steam)
3--NYLON DEPARTMENT
There are 15 dyeing m/c .
Dye used in department
1--Disperse dye --(Polyster)
2--Acid dye --(Nylon)
3--Cationic dye -( silkenza)
4--Metal Complex dye--(Nylon)

6. 1--German dyeing
1. Polyester dyeing
2. Nylon dyeing
There is 17m/c. out of17- 13dyeing m/c , 2 hydro and 2 pressing m/c.
* in this department 4 types of yarn used such as a.
1* 1200 denier (nylon)
2* 900 denier (nylon)
3* 3600 denier (polyester) ecose
4* 1600 denier (polyester)
these type of yarn are called B.C.F yarn.
Dyeing m/c capacity
m/c no. yarn capacity in kg co.name pressure kg/cm2 water capacity no.of spindle
A2 200 thies 3.5 to 4 700ltr 14 to16
A3 100 thies 3.5 to 4 1000ltr 8
A4 100 thies 3.5 to 4 1000ltr 8
A5 100 thies 3.5 to 4 1000ltr 8
A6 100 thies 3.5 to 4 1000ltr 8
A7 100 thies 3.5 to 4 1000ltr 8
A8 30 thies 3.5 to 4 30ltr 3
A9 30 thies 3.5 to 4 30ltr 3
B3 800 thies 3.5 to 4 800ltr 39,38,54
B4 800 thies 3.5 to 4 800ltr 39,38,55
B5 600 thies 3.5 to 4 600ltr 32
B6 600 thies 3.5 to 4 600ltr 32
B7 600 thies 3.5 to 4 600ltr 32

7. Dyeing cycle (process)
For 1600&3600 denier polyester

8. Dyeing process
 First load the material in vessel then prepare the solution of levelling agent
(TOP),accelerating agent (D.I.F),panitrating agent (C.R.I) and defoaming agent
(A.R)
Acitic acid and dyes.
solution prepare in the room temperature.
Then increase the temperature till 95⁰c at raising rate 0.5/⁰c and hold 10
minute . Again Increase the temperature 115⁰c at rate 0.5⁰c/min and hold 10
minute.after 10 minute increases the temperature 135⁰c and hold 40 minute.
After 40 minutes we drain the goods with softener impreza .
if softener use then material is soft.

9. NYLON DYEING CYCLE
FOR 1200&900 DENIER

10. Dyeing process
 First load the material in vessel. Then scoured with scouring agent 20
minute at 110⁰C temperature. After drain we prepare the solution in
room temperature with levelling (liogen S.E) ,
 redarder( Amonia) and penitrating agent (C.I.R). And color.
 After preparing the solution we encrease the temperature 60⁰C
At rate 0.5⁰C/min and hold 10 minute.then again and again encrease the
temperature same rate 80⁰C to 107⁰C .
After drain we use the softening agent for smooth and soft touch

11. 2- OLD DYEING
DYEING M/C CAPACITY

12. HYDRO M/C
 Hydro extractor or centrifugal extractor use centrifuge
technology for manufacturing laundering which is
used in Textile Company. Hydro extracting m/c is
mainly centrifuges for generating hydropower. The
wet substantial is placed in the hydro extracting m/c
or centrifugal extracting m/c which has a barrier of
metal generally steel. The internal drum of centrifugal
extracting m/c switches at high speed thus throwing
out the water contained in it. The use of this extractor
considerably decreases the energy required to dry
any material. It is special types of washing machine.
Through our technique apartment hardwork, exploit
new the leading level, and the national patent.
This extractor is used after dyeing machine and
before tumble dryer machine.
M/C CAPACITY NO.OF PACKAGE
1 300 150
2 50
3 150 60
4 150 60
5
6 300 150
7 300 150
8 300
9 250
10 100 250
11 150

13. POLYESTER DYEING CYCLE

14. Theory
Firstly we make the solution of levelling agent(L.P),Dispersing agent (W.S) and acitic acid is maintain the
PH (4 to 5) whole solution. At 60⁰C added the color in solution and hold 5 min after making the colored
solutin then added the material in vassel and closed. After preparing the solution we encrease the
temperature 85⁰C at raising rate 5⁰C/min and hold 10 min. Then again encrease the temperature 132⁰C at
raising rate 1⁰c/min and hold 45 min and drain.
The wet substantial is placed in the hydro with caustic soda at room temp then encrease the
temperature 80⁰C time 20 min at rate 3⁰C/min and drain. For neutralisation the material we use the
acid .

15. 3- NYLON DYEING
M/C CAPACITY
M/C YARNINKG PRESSUREINKG WATERCAPACITY(LTR) NO.OFHANG CO.NAME
1 100 3.5TO4 3000 265
2 50 3.5TO4 500
3 30 3.5TO4 500 94TO95
4 100 3.5TO4 1000
5 300 3.5TO4 3000 265
6 300 3.5TO4
7 100 3.5TO4
8 20 3.5TO4
9 20 3.5TO4
M/C YARN IN KG PRESSUREIN KG WATERCAPACITY(LTR) NO.OF HANG CO.NAME
1 100 3.5TO 4 3000 265
2 50 3.5TO 4 500
3 30 3.5TO 4 500 94TO 95
4 100 3.5TO 4 1000
5 300 3.5TO 4 3000 265
6 300 3.5TO 4
7 100 3.5TO 4
8 20 3.5TO 4
9 20 3.5TO 4

16. Mostly nylon dyeing is carried out in hank form,
for
this purpose we use Fadis m/c
Fadis m/c
Co. Name - Solbiate ARNO(VA-ITALY)
☆ This m/c convert package to hank.
☆ There are total 72 m/c,whose capacity 10 spindle ,
6 spindle ,and 8 apindle
☆ The conversation of package to hank depend
Upon m/c speed and yarn quality (denier).

17. The quality of threads is colored in
naylon dyeing
 Micro denier
 70/68/1
 70/68/2
 70/48/2
 70/48
 Normal denier
 70/24/2
 70/24
 111/24/2
 111/24
 70/24/4
 70/24/3

18. DYEING CYCLE

19. Theory
Acid dyes are highly water soluble, and have better light fastness than basic
dyes. The textile acid dyes are effective for protein fibers such as silk, wool,
nylon and modified acrylics. They contain sulphonic acid groups, which are
usually present as sodium sulphonate salts. These increase solubility in
water, and give the dye molecules a negative charge. In an acidic solution,
the -NH2 functionalities of the fibres are protonated to give a positive
charge: -NH3+. This charge interacts with the negative dye charge, allowing
the formation of ionic interactions. As well as this, Van-der-Waals bonds,
dipolar bonds and hydrogen bonds are formed between dye and fibre

20. Calculation of Package Density in Yarn Dyeing
Package Density in Yarn Dyeing:
 Package density has important effect on yarn dyeing. When package are too soft then liquor flowing
through it will find the course of least resistance and cause channeling, which leaves some parts of the
package relatively un dyed or lighter. If the packages are wound too hard, a point can be reached
where the flow of liquor is impeded to such an extent that poor dyeing or none may occur. In this
article we will discuss on yarn package density before dyeing
 The ratio of mass and volume is called density.
 Density = ρ
 Mass = m
 Volume = v

 Here,
 m = (Bobbin weight with yarn – Bobbin weight without yarn) gm.
 v = π (R12 – R22) × h
 R1 = Outer radius of the bobbin (with yarn).
 R2 = Inner radius of the bobbin..